Cardiovascular DiseasesPhase 3NCT00000478
Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) Study
A Phase 3 study testing atenolol, nifedipine and diltiazem in people with Cardiovascular Diseases and Coronary Disease, run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI).
Trial summary
To assess the feasibility of and test the methodology for a full-scale clinical trial of therapies for asymptomatic cardiac ischemia. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Heart Diseases
- What is being tested?
- atenolol, nifedipine and diltiazem
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- How many people
- Not given
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Nov 1990to Jun 1997
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Men aand women with angiographically documented coronary artery disease, ischemia on both stress (exercise) testing and 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring, and who were amenable to revascularization.
About this study
To assess the feasibility of and test the methodology for a full-scale clinical trial of therapies for asymptomatic cardiac ischemia.
Read the detailed description
BACKGROUND:
Asymptomatic cardiac ischemia, frequently designated as silent myocardial ischemia, refers to episodes of objectively demonstrable transient ischemia in the absence of symptoms. Annually, more than one million patients suffer acute myocardial infarction. Of the approximately 700,000 who are discharged alive from the hospital, as many as 180,000 will be asymptomatic but have evidence of myocardial ischemia on a pre-discharge exercise test. Asymptomatic ischemia has been linked with sudden death or myocardial infarction. It is estimated that in the United States over six million patients have chronic, symptomatic coronary heart disease and up to three million of these may exhibit transient asymptomatic myocardial ischemia. Asymptomatic ischemia is thought to be present in the majority of coronary heart disease patients with stable angina pectoris, over 70 percent of all ischemic episodes being asymptomatic. Asymptomatic ischemia following myocardial infarction or in the presence of chronic stable angina may be associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality
Traditionally, treatment of patients with coronary heart disease has been given for and guided by patients' symptoms. There was a growing trend toward recognizing asymptomatic cardiac ischemia and according it importance equal to that of symptomatic ischemia. Many physicians believed that suppression of asymptomatic ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease would reduce morbidity and mortality. This was leading to rapidly increasing and widespread applications of both medical and revascularization therapies.
In 1989, there was a lack of knowledge as to the relative efficacy of different treatment strategies to control asymptomatic cardiac ischemia. Given the estimated high prevalence of asymptomatic cardiac ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease and evidence of increased risk of untoward outcome, the public health problem was of sufficient magnitude to warrant a pilot study to determine to what extent asymptomatic ischemia could be controlled. If the pilot study demonstrated feasibility, a full-scale clinical trial would then be considered to evaluate the impact of effective treatment of asymptomatic ischemia on survival and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with coronary heart disease.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
A total of 1,959 patients were screened by AECG monitoring; 49 percent had asymptomatic ischemia, and 65 percent were enrolled in the study. The 618 patients were randomized to one of the three treatment strategies: 202 to angina-guided medical strategy with titration of anti-ischemic medication to relieve angina; 202 to angina-guided plus AECG ischemia-guided medical strategy with titration of anti-ischemic medication to eliminate both angina and AECG ischemia; and 212 to revascularization by angioplasty or bypass surgery. Patients able to take either beta-adrenergic blocking agents or calcium antagonists were also randomized to receive one of two medical combination regimens: atenolol plus nifedipine or diltiazem plus isosorbide dinitrate. Those who could be treated with only one regimen, such as asthmatic patients, were assigned to the appropriate regimen. The primary outcome was the absence of ischemia at twelve weeks. Recruitment ended in January 1993. Clinical based follow-up was completed for 18 months and survival status free of MI was completed for 24 months
- Being tested
- atenolol, nifedipine, diltiazem, isosorbide dinitrate, coronary artery bypass coronary artery bypass
- Medical subject headings
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Heart Diseases, Myocardial Ischemia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
atenololDrug
nifedipineDrug
diltiazemDrug
isosorbide dinitrateDrug
coronary artery bypass coronary artery bypassProcedure or surgery
angioplasty, transluminal, percutaneous coronaryProcedure or surgery
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Oct 1999 (estimated)
- Study startNov 1990
- Study completionJun 1997
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (29)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cardiovascular DiseasesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Investigators
- Jerome Cohen, St. Louis UniversityRichard Davies, University of OttawaJohn Deanfield, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, University of LondonMark Ketterer, Henry Ford HospitalGenell KnatterudHiltrud Mueller, Montefiore Medical CenterPamela Ouyang, Johns Hopkins UniversityCarl Pepine, University of Florida
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00000478
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 67
- Status last verified
- Feb 2002
- First submitted
- 27 Oct 1999
- Last updated
- 25 Mar 2016
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Pepine CJ, Geller NL, Knatterud GL, Bourassa MG, Chaitman BR, Davies RF, Day P, Deanfield JE, Goldberg AD, McMahon RP, et al. The Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study: design of a randomized clinical trial, baseline data and implications for a long-term outcome trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Jul;24(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90534-7.
PubMed 8006249Knatterud GL, Bourassa MG, Pepine CJ, Geller NL, Sopko G, Chaitman BR, Pratt C, Stone PH, Davies RF, Rogers WJ, et al. Effects of treatment strategies to suppress ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease: 12-week results of the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Jul;24(1):11-20. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90535-5.
PubMed 8006252Deedwania PC. Is there evidence in support of the ischemia suppression hypothesis? J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Jul;24(1):21-4. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90536-3. No abstract available.
PubMed 8006267McMahon RP, Proschan M, Geller NL, Stone PH, Sopko G. Sample size calculation for clinical trials in which entry criteria and outcomes are counts of events. ACIP Investigators. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot. Stat Med. 1994 Apr 30;13(8):859-70. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780130806.
PubMed 8047740Tamesis B, Stelken A, Byers S, Shaw L, Younis L, Miller DD, Chaitman BR. Comparison of the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot and modified Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot versus Bruce and Cornell exercise protocols. Am J Cardiol. 1993 Sep 15;72(9):715-20. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90891-f.
PubMed 8249851Chaitman BR, Stone PH, Knatterud GL, Forman SA, Sopko G, Bourassa MG, Pratt C, Rogers WJ, Pepine CJ, Conti CR. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study: impact of anti-ischemia therapy on 12-week rest electrocardiogram and exercise test outcomes. The ACIP Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995 Sep;26(3):585-93. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00013-t.
PubMed 7642847Bourassa MG, Pepine CJ, Forman SA, Rogers WJ, Dyrda I, Stone PH, Chaitman BR, Sharaf B, Mahmarian J, Davies RF, et al. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study: effects of coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery on recurrent angina and ischemia. The ACIP investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995 Sep;26(3):606-14. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00005-o.
PubMed 7642849Conti RC, Kantterud GL, Sopko G: Correction. Letter to Editor. J Am Coll Cardiol 26:842, 1995
Caracciolo EA, Chaitman BR, Forman SA, Stone PH, Bourassa MG, Sopko G, Geller NL, Conti CR. Diabetics with coronary disease have a prevalence of asymptomatic ischemia during exercise treadmill testing and ambulatory ischemia monitoring similar to that of nondiabetic patients. An ACIP database study. ACIP Investigators. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot Investigators. Circulation. 1996 Jun 15;93(12):2097-105. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.93.12.2097.
PubMed 8925577Bourassa MG, Knatterud GL, Pepine CJ, Sopko G, Rogers WJ, Geller NL, Dyrda I, Forman SA, Chaitman BR, Sharaf B, et al. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) Study. Improvement of cardiac ischemia at 1 year after PTCA and CABG. Circulation. 1995 Nov 1;92(9 Suppl):II1-7. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.92.9.1.
PubMed 7586390Pratt CM, McMahon RP, Goldstein S, Pepine CJ, Andrews TC, Dyrda I, Frishman WH, Geller NL, Hill JA, Morgan NA, Stone PH, Knatterud GL, Sopko G, Conti CR. Comparison of subgroups assigned to medical regimens used to suppress cardiac ischemia (the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot [ACIP] Study). Am J Cardiol. 1996 Jun 15;77(15):1302-9. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00196-8.
PubMed 8677870Pepine CJ, Andrews T, Deanfield JE, Forman S, Geller N, Hill JA, Pratt C, Rogers WJ, Sopko G, Steingart R, Stone PH, Conti CR. Relation of patient characteristics to cardiac ischemia during daily life activity (an Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot Data Bank Study). Am J Cardiol. 1996 Jun 15;77(15):1267-72. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00190-7.
PubMed 8677864Conti CR, Bourassa MG, Chaitman BR, Geller NL, Knatterud GL, Pepine CJ, Pratt C, Sopko G. Asymptomatic cardiac ischemia pilot (ACIP). Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 1995;106:77-83; discussion 83-4.
PubMed 7483181Stone PH, Chaitman BR, McMahon RP, Andrews TC, MacCallum G, Sharaf B, Frishman W, Deanfield JE, Sopko G, Pratt C, Goldberg AD, Rogers WJ, Hill J, Proschan M, Pepine CJ, Bourassa MG, Conti CR. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) Study. Relationship between exercise-induced and ambulatory ischemia in patients with stable coronary disease. Circulation. 1996 Oct 1;94(7):1537-44. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.94.7.1537.
PubMed 8840841Sharaf BL, Williams DO, Miele NJ, McMahon RP, Stone PH, Bjerregaard P, Davies R, Goldberg AD, Parks M, Pepine CJ, Sopko G, Conti CR. A detailed angiographic analysis of patients with ambulatory electrocardiographic ischemia: results from the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study angiographic core laboratory. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997 Jan;29(1):78-84. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(96)00444-5.
PubMed 8996298
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Mar 2016. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00000478
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 67
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Lead sponsor
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- Nov 1990
- Study completion
- Jun 1997
- First posted
- 28 Oct 1999 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To assess the feasibility of and test the methodology for a full-scale clinical trial of therapies for asymptomatic cardiac ischemia.
Detailed description
BACKGROUND:
Asymptomatic cardiac ischemia, frequently designated as silent myocardial ischemia, refers to episodes of objectively demonstrable transient ischemia in the absence of symptoms. Annually, more than one million patients suffer acute myocardial infarction. Of the approximately 700,000 who are discharged alive from the hospital, as many as 180,000 will be asymptomatic but have evidence of myocardial ischemia on a pre-discharge exercise test. Asymptomatic ischemia has been linked with sudden death or myocardial infarction. It is estimated that in the United States over six million patients have chronic, symptomatic coronary heart disease and up to three million of these may exhibit transient asymptomatic myocardial ischemia. Asymptomatic ischemia is thought to be present in the majority of coronary heart disease patients with stable angina pectoris, over 70 percent of all ischemic episodes being asymptomatic. Asymptomatic ischemia following myocardial infarction or in the presence of chronic stable angina may be associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality
Traditionally, treatment of patients with coronary heart disease has been given for and guided by patients' symptoms. There was a growing trend toward recognizing asymptomatic cardiac ischemia and according it importance equal to that of symptomatic ischemia. Many physicians believed that suppression of asymptomatic ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease would reduce morbidity and mortality. This was leading to rapidly increasing and widespread applications of both medical and revascularization therapies.
In 1989, there was a lack of knowledge as to the relative efficacy of different treatment strategies to control asymptomatic cardiac ischemia. Given the estimated high prevalence of asymptomatic cardiac ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease and evidence of increased risk of untoward outcome, the public health problem was of sufficient magnitude to warrant a pilot study to determine to what extent asymptomatic ischemia could be controlled. If the pilot study demonstrated feasibility, a full-scale clinical trial would then be considered to evaluate the impact of effective treatment of asymptomatic ischemia on survival and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with coronary heart disease.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
A total of 1,959 patients were screened by AECG monitoring; 49 percent had asymptomatic ischemia, and 65 percent were enrolled in the study. The 618 patients were randomized to one of the three treatment strategies: 202 to angina-guided medical strategy with titration of anti-ischemic medication to relieve angina; 202 to angina-guided plus AECG ischemia-guided medical strategy with titration of anti-ischemic medication to eliminate both angina and AECG ischemia; and 212 to revascularization by angioplasty or bypass surgery. Patients able to take either beta-adrenergic blocking agents or calcium antagonists were also randomized to receive one of two medical combination regimens: atenolol plus nifedipine or diltiazem plus isosorbide dinitrate. Those who could be treated with only one regimen, such as asthmatic patients, were assigned to the appropriate regimen. The primary outcome was the absence of ischemia at twelve weeks. Recruitment ended in January 1993. Clinical based follow-up was completed for 18 months and survival status free of MI was completed for 24 months
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| atenolol | Drug | – |
| nifedipine | Drug | – |
| diltiazem | Drug | – |
| isosorbide dinitrate | Drug | – |
| coronary artery bypass coronary artery bypass | Procedure or surgery | – |
| angioplasty, transluminal, percutaneous coronary | Procedure or surgery | – |
Primary outcome
Not reported in the source record.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Mar 2016.
- Background: PubMed 8006249Pepine CJ, Geller NL, Knatterud GL, Bourassa MG, Chaitman BR, Davies RF, Day P, Deanfield JE, Goldberg AD, McMahon RP, et al. The Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study: design of a randomized clinical trial, baseline data and implications for a long-term outcome trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Jul;24(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90534-7.
- Background: PubMed 8006252Knatterud GL, Bourassa MG, Pepine CJ, Geller NL, Sopko G, Chaitman BR, Pratt C, Stone PH, Davies RF, Rogers WJ, et al. Effects of treatment strategies to suppress ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease: 12-week results of the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Jul;24(1):11-20. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90535-5.
- Background: PubMed 8006267Deedwania PC. Is there evidence in support of the ischemia suppression hypothesis? J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Jul;24(1):21-4. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90536-3. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 8047740McMahon RP, Proschan M, Geller NL, Stone PH, Sopko G. Sample size calculation for clinical trials in which entry criteria and outcomes are counts of events. ACIP Investigators. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot. Stat Med. 1994 Apr 30;13(8):859-70. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780130806.
- Background: PubMed 8249851Tamesis B, Stelken A, Byers S, Shaw L, Younis L, Miller DD, Chaitman BR. Comparison of the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot and modified Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot versus Bruce and Cornell exercise protocols. Am J Cardiol. 1993 Sep 15;72(9):715-20. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90891-f.
- Background: PubMed 7642847Chaitman BR, Stone PH, Knatterud GL, Forman SA, Sopko G, Bourassa MG, Pratt C, Rogers WJ, Pepine CJ, Conti CR. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study: impact of anti-ischemia therapy on 12-week rest electrocardiogram and exercise test outcomes. The ACIP Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995 Sep;26(3):585-93. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00013-t.
- Background: PubMed 7642849Bourassa MG, Pepine CJ, Forman SA, Rogers WJ, Dyrda I, Stone PH, Chaitman BR, Sharaf B, Mahmarian J, Davies RF, et al. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study: effects of coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery on recurrent angina and ischemia. The ACIP investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995 Sep;26(3):606-14. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00005-o.
- BackgroundConti RC, Kantterud GL, Sopko G: Correction. Letter to Editor. J Am Coll Cardiol 26:842, 1995
- Background: PubMed 8925577Caracciolo EA, Chaitman BR, Forman SA, Stone PH, Bourassa MG, Sopko G, Geller NL, Conti CR. Diabetics with coronary disease have a prevalence of asymptomatic ischemia during exercise treadmill testing and ambulatory ischemia monitoring similar to that of nondiabetic patients. An ACIP database study. ACIP Investigators. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot Investigators. Circulation. 1996 Jun 15;93(12):2097-105. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.93.12.2097.
- Background: PubMed 7586390Bourassa MG, Knatterud GL, Pepine CJ, Sopko G, Rogers WJ, Geller NL, Dyrda I, Forman SA, Chaitman BR, Sharaf B, et al. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) Study. Improvement of cardiac ischemia at 1 year after PTCA and CABG. Circulation. 1995 Nov 1;92(9 Suppl):II1-7. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.92.9.1.
- Background: PubMed 8677870Pratt CM, McMahon RP, Goldstein S, Pepine CJ, Andrews TC, Dyrda I, Frishman WH, Geller NL, Hill JA, Morgan NA, Stone PH, Knatterud GL, Sopko G, Conti CR. Comparison of subgroups assigned to medical regimens used to suppress cardiac ischemia (the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot [ACIP] Study). Am J Cardiol. 1996 Jun 15;77(15):1302-9. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00196-8.
- Background: PubMed 8677864Pepine CJ, Andrews T, Deanfield JE, Forman S, Geller N, Hill JA, Pratt C, Rogers WJ, Sopko G, Steingart R, Stone PH, Conti CR. Relation of patient characteristics to cardiac ischemia during daily life activity (an Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot Data Bank Study). Am J Cardiol. 1996 Jun 15;77(15):1267-72. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00190-7.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jerome Cohen
St. Louis University
Richard Davies
University of Ottawa
John Deanfield
St. Bartholomew's Hospital, University of London
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing atenolol, nifedipine and diltiazem in people with Cardiovascular Diseases and Coronary Disease, run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Mar 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00000478, which also lists 29 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Mar 2016.