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AzTrials

Heart DiseasesPhase 3NCT00000616

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for Blood Pressure Control

A Phase 3 study testing diet, sodium-restricted, diet, fat-restricted and exercise in people with Heart Diseases and Hypertension, run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI).

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

To compare the effectiveness of advice versus two multicomponent lifestyle interventions to control blood pressure in participants with Stage 1 hypertension or higher than optimal blood pressure. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 25 to 100 years
Conditions the study is for
Heart Diseases, Hypertension
What is being tested?
diet, sodium-restricted, diet, fat-restricted and exercise
How many people
Not given
Where
No sites listed yet
Study dates
Sep 1998to Aug 2004
Phase
Phase 3
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 25 to 100 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Men and women, age 25 and older who were generally healthy except for higher than optimal or mildly elevated blood pressure.

About this study

To compare the effectiveness of advice versus two multicomponent lifestyle interventions to control blood pressure in participants with Stage 1 hypertension or higher than optimal blood pressure.

Read the detailed description

BACKGROUND:

A large body of data has been collected over the years documenting that on the one hand, reduced sodium intake, increased physical activity, weight loss, and moderate alcohol ingestion (Comprehensive Intervention) have been associated with a modest reduction of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in with high normal and Stage 1 hypertension. On the other hand, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study has shown that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, and decreased saturated fat, total fat, and cholesterol (DASH intervention) reduced both diastolic and systolic blood pressure in similar baseline blood pressure groups.

DESIGN NARRATIVE:

A multicenter study to determine the BP-lowering effects of two multi-component lifestyle intervention programs compared with advice only. Eight hundred and ten men and women were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms: (A) advice only; (B) comprehensive lifestyle intervention, in which participants received an intensive behavioral intervention program to facilitate achieving current lifestyle recommendations for BP control (reduced salt intake, increased physical activity, reduced alcohol intake, and weight control or weight loss if needed); and (C) comprehensive lifestyle intervention plus the DASH diet, in which participants received a behavioral intervention program to promote the DASH dietary pattern in addition to the same lifestyle recommendations for BP control. Participants were followed for 18 months. The primary outcome variable was systolic blood pressure measured at six and 18 months after randomization. Other variables included diastolic blood pressure, dietary adherence, physical activity, and onset of hypertension over the 18 months of follow-up.

The study completion date listed in this record was obtained from the "End Date" entered in the Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) record.

Being tested
diet, sodium-restricted, diet, fat-restricted, exercise, diet, reducing, alcohol drinking
Medical subject headings
Heart Diseases, Hypertension

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • diet, sodium-restrictedBehavioural

  • diet, fat-restrictedBehavioural

  • exerciseBehavioural

  • diet, reducingBehavioural

  • alcohol drinkingBehavioural

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted28 Oct 1999 (estimated)
  2. Study startSep 1998
  3. Study completionAug 2004

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT00000616
Sponsor's protocol ID
119
Other IDs
U01HL060574
Status last verified
Nov 2005
First submitted
27 Oct 1999
Last updated
18 Feb 2016
Results posted
No

Publications

  • Appel LJ, Champagne CM, Harsha DW, Cooper LS, Obarzanek E, Elmer PJ, Stevens VJ, Vollmer WM, Lin PH, Svetkey LP, Stedman SW, Young DR; Writing Group of the PREMIER Collaborative Research Group. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. JAMA. 2003 Apr 23-30;289(16):2083-93. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.16.2083.

    PubMed 12709466

  • Pickering TG. Lifestyle modification and blood pressure control: is the glass half full or half empty? JAMA. 2003 Apr 23-30;289(16):2131-2. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.16.2131. No abstract available.

    PubMed 12709472

  • Svetkey LP, Harsha DW, Vollmer WM, Stevens VJ, Obarzanek E, Elmer PJ, Lin PH, Champagne C, Simons-Morton DG, Aickin M, Proschan MA, Appel LJ. Premier: a clinical trial of comprehensive lifestyle modification for blood pressure control: rationale, design and baseline characteristics. Ann Epidemiol. 2003 Jul;13(6):462-71. doi: 10.1016/s1047-2797(03)00006-1.

    PubMed 12875806

  • McGuire HL, Svetkey LP, Harsha DW, Elmer PJ, Appel LJ, Ard JD. Comprehensive lifestyle modification and blood pressure control: a review of the PREMIER trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2004 Jul;6(7):383-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2004.03147.x.

    PubMed 15249794

  • Svetkey LP, Erlinger TP, Vollmer WM, Feldstein A, Cooper LS, Appel LJ, Ard JD, Elmer PJ, Harsha D, Stevens VJ. Effect of lifestyle modifications on blood pressure by race, sex, hypertension status, and age. J Hum Hypertens. 2005 Jan;19(1):21-31. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001770.

    PubMed 15385946

  • Young DR, Aickin M, Brantley P, Elmer PJ, Harsha DW, King AC, Stevens VJ. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and their relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in African Americans and non-African Americans with above-optimal blood pressure. J Community Health. 2005 Apr;30(2):107-24. doi: 10.1007/s10900-004-1095-7.

    PubMed 15810564

  • Ard JD, Skinner CS, Chen C, Aickin M, Svetkey LP. Informing cancer prevention strategies for African Americans: the relationship of African American acculturation to fruit, vegetable, and fat intake. J Behav Med. 2005 Jun;28(3):239-47. doi: 10.1007/s10865-005-4660-3.

    PubMed 16015458

  • Ard JD, Durant RW, Edwards LC, Svetkey LP. Perceptions of African-American culture and implications for clinical trial design. Ethn Dis. 2005 Spring;15(2):292-9.

    PubMed 15825976

  • Elmer PJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Simons-Morton D, Stevens VJ, Young DR, Lin PH, Champagne C, Harsha DW, Svetkey LP, Ard J, Brantley PJ, Proschan MA, Erlinger TP, Appel LJ; PREMIER Collaborative Research Group. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on diet, weight, physical fitness, and blood pressure control: 18-month results of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Apr 4;144(7):485-95. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-144-7-200604040-00007.

    PubMed 16585662

  • Lim YJ, van Dam RM. Impact of comprehensive lifestyle interventions on plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025 Dec;122(6):1829-1835. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.008. Epub 2025 Oct 17.

    PubMed 41106729

  • Gradinariu V, Ard J, van Dam RM. Effects of dietary quality, physical activity and weight loss on glucose homeostasis in persons with and without prediabetes in the PREMIER trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Sep;25(9):2714-2722. doi: 10.1111/dom.15160. Epub 2023 Jun 13.

    PubMed 37311720

  • McClure ST, Rebholz CM, Mitchell DC, Selvin E, Appel LJ. The association of dietary phosphorus with blood pressure: results from a secondary analysis of the PREMIER trial. J Hum Hypertens. 2020 Feb;34(2):132-142. doi: 10.1038/s41371-019-0231-x. Epub 2019 Aug 21.

    PubMed 31435005

  • Chen L, Caballero B, Mitchell DC, Loria C, Lin PH, Champagne CM, Elmer PJ, Ard JD, Batch BC, Anderson CA, Appel LJ. Reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with reduced blood pressure: a prospective study among United States adults. Circulation. 2010 Jun 8;121(22):2398-406. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.911164. Epub 2010 May 24.

    PubMed 20497980

  • Chen L, Appel LJ, Loria C, Lin PH, Champagne CM, Elmer PJ, Ard JD, Mitchell D, Batch BC, Svetkey LP, Caballero B. Reduction in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with weight loss: the PREMIER trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May;89(5):1299-306. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27240. Epub 2009 Apr 1.

    PubMed 19339405

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 3 study testing diet, sodium-restricted, diet, fat-restricted and exercise in people with Heart Diseases and Hypertension, run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI).

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Feb 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00000616, which also lists 14 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Feb 2016.

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