HIV InfectionsPhase 1NCT00000888
Safety and Effectiveness of Ritonavir Plus Lamivudine Plus Zidovudine in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Their Babies
A Phase 1 study testing Ritonavir, Lamivudine and Zidovudine in people with HIV Infections and Pregnancy, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 5 sites in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to see if it is safe and effective to give ritonavir (RTV) plus lamivudine (3TC) plus zidovudine (ZDV) to HIV-infected pregnant women during pregnancy and to their babies after birth. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 years and older, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- HIV Infections, Pregnancy
- What is being tested?
- Ritonavir, Lamivudine and Zidovudine
- How many people
- 14 participants
- Where
- 5 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Start not givento Apr 2001
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 years and older
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Women may be eligible for this study if they:
- Are HIV-positive.
- Are between 14 and 32 weeks pregnant.
- Are at least 13 years old (consent of parent or guardian required if under 18).
- Have the consent of the baby's father (if he can be reached).
Who cannot join
- Women will not be eligible for this study if they:
- Are having problems with their pregnancy.
- Have a history of problem pregnancies including miscarriages, birth defects, stillbirths, or giving birth to premature or low-birth-weight babies.
- Have had side effects to ZDV, 3TC, or RTV.
- Have an active opportunistic (AIDS-related) or other serious infection.
- Have other serious conditions such as heart or lung problems, blood disorders, diabetes, or seizures.
Show all 12Show fewer
- Are pregnant with more than one baby (such as twins or triplets).
- Are taking other experimental medications.
- Are taking other anti-HIV medications.
- Are taking certain other medications including those for cancer, blood pressure, or seizures.
- Are abusing drugs or alcohol.
- Are breast-feeding.
Trial locations and contacts
5 sites in 1 country.
5 sites in 1 country
United States5 sites
Children's Hospital of Michigan NICHD CRS
Detroit, Michigan, 48201
Regional Med Ctr at Memphis
Memphis, Tennessee, 38103
St. Jude/UTHSC CRS
Memphis, Tennessee, 38105
Univ. of Miami Miller School of Medicine - Jackson Memorial Hosp.
Miami, Florida, 33136
Univ. of Miami Ped. Perinatal HIV/AIDS CRS
Miami, Florida, 33161
About this study
Official title: A Phase I Trial of the Safety, Tolerance, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Ritonavir Co-Administered With Lamivudine (3TC) and Zidovudine (ZDV) in HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women and Their Infants
The purpose of this study is to see if it is safe and effective to give ritonavir (RTV) plus lamivudine (3TC) plus zidovudine (ZDV) to HIV-infected pregnant women during pregnancy and to their babies after birth.
Pregnant women who are HIV-positive are at risk of giving HIV to their babies during pregnancy or delivery. It is important to learn how to prevent HIV-positive pregnant women from giving HIV to their babies. RTV and ZDV have been shown to be safe and effective against HIV in adults. The combination of 3 anti-HIV drugs (RTV, 3TC, and ZDV) may help prevent HIV infection from mother to infant but studies are needed to determine whether they are safe and effective during pregnancy.
Read the detailed description
Controlled studies of the pharmacokinetics and safety of new drugs are critical to the development of alternative therapies for the prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV-1. The dosing regimen of RTV and ZDV used to treat pregnant women in this study has been shown to be safe and effective against HIV in adults. Little is known about the metabolism and tolerance of these drugs during pregnancy, and Phase I studies are needed to determine dosage, safety, and tolerance. Protease inhibitors in combination with other antiretroviral drugs may help reduce the rate of perinatal transmission of HIV-1.
Pregnant women start with RTV (increasing gradually over a few days) plus 3TC plus ZDV until active labor. Intrapartum, women receive RTV plus 3TC plus ZDV, then postpartum (after cord clamped until 12 weeks postpartum), RTV plus 3TC plus ZDV. [AS PER AMENDMENT 2/9/99: For maternal dosing, one Combivir tablet (containing 3TC and ZDV) may be administered in place of the individual agents 3TC and ZDV. During the intrapartum period, Combivir is held and the patient follows intrapartum 3TC/ZDV dosing. During the intrapartum period, no RTV is given after the onset of active labor. During the postpartum period, RTV is begun as soon as oral intake is allowable following delivery. During the postpartum period, Combivir may be resumed. All subjects who prematurely discontinue study treatment should continue to be followed for the duration of the study.] [AS PER AMENDMENT 9/28/99: During the intrapartum period, RTV is given at the start of active labor.] Infants begin 3TC and ZDV as soon as oral intake is tolerated. Infants participate in one of two cohorts. The first four infants delivered (Cohort 1) receive RTV as a single dose between Days 8 and 12. The next six infants delivered (Cohort 2) start RTV at 2-3 days of life. The dosing schedule is based on Cohort 1 drug pharmacokinetics data. [AS PER AMENDMENT 2/9/99: Cohort 1 is expanded to seven mother/infant pairs.] [AS PER AMENDMENT 9/28/99: Cohort 1 is expanded to eight mother/infant pairs.] Both maternal and infant blood is drawn to assess drug pharmacokinetics. Cervical secretions are collected to assess presence of virus. In addition, all placentas are examined by histopathology to determine the role of placenta on preterm delivery in women receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.
- Conditions
- HIV Infections, Pregnancy
- Being tested
- Ritonavir, Lamivudine, Zidovudine
- Keywords
- Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Drug Therapy, Combination, Administration, Oral, Zidovudine, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Ritonavir, Disease Transmission, Vertical, Anti-HIV Agents, Fetal Blood
- Medical subject headings
- HIV Infections, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
RitonavirDrug
LamivudineDrug
ZidovudineDrug
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted31 Aug 2001 (estimated)
- Study completionApr 2001
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HIV InfectionsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Enrolment
- 14 participants
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Gwendolyn Scott, Study chair, Univ of Miami (Pediatric)Mary Jo O'Sullivan, Study chair, Univ of Miami (Pediatric)
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00000888
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ACTG 354
- Other IDs
- 10604, PACTG 354
- Status last verified
- Oct 2021
- First submitted
- 2 Nov 1999
- Last updated
- 29 Oct 2021
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Chadwick EG, Rodman JH, Britto P, Powell C, Palumbo P, Luzuriaga K, Hughes M, Abrams EJ, Flynn PM, Borkowsky W, Yogev R; PACTG Protocol 345 Team. Ritonavir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected infants younger than 24 months of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 Sep;24(9):793-800. doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000177281.93658.df.
PubMed 16148846
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Oct 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase I Trial of the Safety, Tolerance, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Ritonavir Co-Administered With Lamivudine (3TC) and Zidovudine (ZDV) in HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women and Their Infants
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00000888
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ACTG 354
- Conditions
- HIV Infections, Pregnancy
- Keywords
- Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Drug Therapy, Combination, Administration, Oral, Zidovudine, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Ritonavir, Disease Transmission, Vertical
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 14 participants
- Lead sponsor
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)US National Institutes of Health
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Study completion
- Apr 2001 (actual)
- First posted
- 31 Aug 2001 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to see if it is safe and effective to give ritonavir (RTV) plus lamivudine (3TC) plus zidovudine (ZDV) to HIV-infected pregnant women during pregnancy and to their babies after birth.
Pregnant women who are HIV-positive are at risk of giving HIV to their babies during pregnancy or delivery. It is important to learn how to prevent HIV-positive pregnant women from giving HIV to their babies. RTV and ZDV have been shown to be safe and effective against HIV in adults. The combination of 3 anti-HIV drugs (RTV, 3TC, and ZDV) may help prevent HIV infection from mother to infant but studies are needed to determine whether they are safe and effective during pregnancy.
Detailed description
Controlled studies of the pharmacokinetics and safety of new drugs are critical to the development of alternative therapies for the prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV-1. The dosing regimen of RTV and ZDV used to treat pregnant women in this study has been shown to be safe and effective against HIV in adults. Little is known about the metabolism and tolerance of these drugs during pregnancy, and Phase I studies are needed to determine dosage, safety, and tolerance. Protease inhibitors in combination with other antiretroviral drugs may help reduce the rate of perinatal transmission of HIV-1.
Pregnant women start with RTV (increasing gradually over a few days) plus 3TC plus ZDV until active labor. Intrapartum, women receive RTV plus 3TC plus ZDV, then postpartum (after cord clamped until 12 weeks postpartum), RTV plus 3TC plus ZDV. [AS PER AMENDMENT 2/9/99: For maternal dosing, one Combivir tablet (containing 3TC and ZDV) may be administered in place of the individual agents 3TC and ZDV. During the intrapartum period, Combivir is held and the patient follows intrapartum 3TC/ZDV dosing. During the intrapartum period, no RTV is given after the onset of active labor. During the postpartum period, RTV is begun as soon as oral intake is allowable following delivery. During the postpartum period, Combivir may be resumed. All subjects who prematurely discontinue study treatment should continue to be followed for the duration of the study.] [AS PER AMENDMENT 9/28/99: During the intrapartum period, RTV is given at the start of active labor.] Infants begin 3TC and ZDV as soon as oral intake is tolerated. Infants participate in one of two cohorts. The first four infants delivered (Cohort 1) receive RTV as a single dose between Days 8 and 12. The next six infants delivered (Cohort 2) start RTV at 2-3 days of life. The dosing schedule is based on Cohort 1 drug pharmacokinetics data. [AS PER AMENDMENT 2/9/99: Cohort 1 is expanded to seven mother/infant pairs.] [AS PER AMENDMENT 9/28/99: Cohort 1 is expanded to eight mother/infant pairs.] Both maternal and infant blood is drawn to assess drug pharmacokinetics. Cervical secretions are collected to assess presence of virus. In addition, all placentas are examined by histopathology to determine the role of placenta on preterm delivery in women receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Are HIV-positive.
- Are between 14 and 32 weeks pregnant.
- Are at least 13 years old (consent of parent or guardian required if under 18).
- Have the consent of the baby's father (if he can be reached).
Key exclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Are having problems with their pregnancy.
- Have a history of problem pregnancies including miscarriages, birth defects, stillbirths, or giving birth to premature or low-birth-weight babies.
- Have had side effects to ZDV, 3TC, or RTV.
- Have an active opportunistic (AIDS-related) or other serious infection.
- Have other serious conditions such as heart or lung problems, blood disorders, diabetes, or seizures.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Ritonavir | Drug | – |
| Lamivudine | Drug | – |
| Zidovudine | Drug | – |
Primary outcome
Not reported in the source record.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Oct 2021.
- Results publication: PubMed 16148846Chadwick EG, Rodman JH, Britto P, Powell C, Palumbo P, Luzuriaga K, Hughes M, Abrams EJ, Flynn PM, Borkowsky W, Yogev R; PACTG Protocol 345 Team. Ritonavir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected infants younger than 24 months of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 Sep;24(9):793-800. doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000177281.93658.df.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gwendolyn Scott study chair
Univ of Miami (Pediatric)
Mary Jo O'Sullivan study chair
Univ of Miami (Pediatric)
5 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing Ritonavir, Lamivudine and Zidovudine in people with HIV Infections and Pregnancy, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 5 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Oct 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 5 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00000888, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Oct 2021; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.