HIV InfectionPhase 1NCT00001644
Use of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy to Determine Sites of Persistent HIV Infection
A Phase 1 study testing Indinavir, Zidovudine and Lamivudine in people with HIV Infection, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study will try to define how and where HIV infection persists in the body by determining: 1) if there are cells where HIV can live for long periods of time without being seen and destroyed by the immune system; 2) if there are sites where anti-HIV drugs cannot penetrate enough to stop new HIV replication; and 3)… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- HIV Infection
- What is being tested?
- Indinavir, Zidovudine and Lamivudine
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- How many people
- 42 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 3 Mar 1997to 17 Feb 2010
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Greater than or equal to 18 years old.
- Ability to sign informed consent and willingness to comply with study requirements and clinic policies.
- For women of child-bearing potential, negative result on pregnancy test within one week prior to initiating therapy.
- No medical contraindication to lymph node biopsy.
- HIV infection confirmed by ELISA and Western blot.
- Two CD4+ T cell counts less than 300/microliters within 3 months of beginning the protocol, with one of the two counts obtained at a screening history and physical examination performed 2 weeks prior to initiating therapy.
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- Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels greater than 8000/ml.
- For participants with CD4 T cell counts greater than or equal to 300/microliter, asymptomatic for significant HIV-related illnesses. For participants with CD4 T cell counts less than or equal to 300/microliter no active opportunistic infections.
- For participants with greater than or equal to 300 CD4 cells/ microliter, no prior receipt of antiretroviral therapy. For participants with less than or equal to 300 CD4 cells/microliter, no prior use of lamivudine, nevirapine or protease inhibitors.
- Three or more palpable lymph nodes.
- Willingness to allow storage of samples for future research.
- Willingness to allow HLA testing.
Who cannot join
- Platelet count less than 100,000 platelets/mm(3).
- PT or PTT (in the absence of documented anti-cardiolipin antibody) prolonged by greater than 2 seconds.
- Known underlying bleeding disorder.
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- Psychiatric illness that might interfere with study compliance.
- Active substance abuse or history of prior substance abuse that may interfere with protocol compliance or compromise patient safety.
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- Creatinine greater than 2.
- Liver function tests greater than 1.5 times the normal laboratory values.
- Significant cardiac, pulmonary, kidney, rheumatologic, gastrointestinal, or CNS disease as detectable on routine history, physical examination, or screening laboratory studies.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
About this study
Official title: Use of Combination Antiviral Therapy to Delineate the Identity and Longevity of Persistent Reservoirs of HIV-1 Infection and Replication
This study will try to define how and where HIV infection persists in the body by determining: 1) if there are cells where HIV can live for long periods of time without being seen and destroyed by the immune system; 2) if there are sites where anti-HIV drugs cannot penetrate enough to stop new HIV replication; and 3) if HIV in certain lymph nodes can remain infectious for prolonged periods of time. It will also explore whether immune system damage caused by HIV can be repaired after new virus replication is stopped with treatment.
HIV-infected patients 18 years of age and older may be eligible for this study, which will include three groups as follows. Candidates will be screened with a medical history, physical examination, blood and urine tests and possibly chest X-ray and electrocardiogram.
Read more
Participants will be divided into three groups according to CD4 count levels: > 500 cells/microliter of blood; between 300 and 500 cells/microliter, and < 300 cells/microliter of blood. All participants will be treated with a combination of four antiretroviral drugs: indinavir, zidovudine, lamivudine and nevirapine. (Exceptions to this regimen may be made in certain circumstances for patients who cannot tolerate one of the four drugs.) In addition, they will undergo the following procedures:
Blood tests - Blood tests will be done at screening and at study entry to evaluate the patient's health status and measure CD4 T cell count and plasma HIV levels; at the beginning of treatment to look for drug-related side effects; and during the course of the study to evaluate drug effectiveness in inhibiting HIV replication; CD4 T cell levels and function.
Lymph node biopsy - Lymph node biopsies are done under local anesthesia. A small incision is made, the node is removed, and the incision is closed with stitches. Up to two nodes may be removed during each procedure. Patients with CD4 counts greater than 500 cells/microliter of blood and those with counts less than 300 cells/microliter will have three lymph node biopsies in order to 1) assess the effectiveness of therapy in inhibiting HIV replication in the nodes (the major site of replication); 2) determine how long HIV-infected cells may persist in the nodes after new replication is stopped by therapy; and 3) determine if immune damage caused by HIV can be repaired when virus replication is stopped. Lymph node biopsy in patients with counts between 300 and 500 cells/microliter of blood is required only at baseline, although follow-up biopsies are encouraged.
Leukapheresis - In this procedure, whole blood is collected through a needle placed in an arm vein. The blood circulates through a cell separator machine where the white cells are removed and collected. The rest of the blood is returned to the body, either through the same needle used to draw the blood or through a second needle placed in the other arm. The collected white cells are used for special studies of the level and function of T cells before and after drug treatment. Patients with CD4 counts > 500 cells/microliter and < 300 cells/microliter will undergo leukapheresis up to four times - at study entry and about 2, 6 and 12 months after starting antiretroviral therapy. Patients with CD4 counts between 300 and 500 cells/microliter will have this procedure either at study entry and 6 and 12 weeks after initiation therapy, or on the same schedule as the other patients.
Read the detailed description
The reservoirs of HIV-1 infection that permit maintenance of persistent virus infection (even when virus replication cannot be detected using sensitive assays to quantify plasma HIV-1 RNA levels) are currently unknown. Potential sites for persistent HIV-1 infection include cells with chronic or latent infections, cells present in locations within the body where antiviral drugs may not penetrate in levels sufficient to prevent additional cycles of de novo virus infection (e.g., the central nervous system), the presence of susceptible target cells for virus infection that may not metabolize certain antiviral drugs to their active inhibitory forms (e.g., macrophages), or extracellular (possible infectious) virus that may be retained on the surface of follicular dendritic cells within lymphoid organs. In an attempt to determine which, if any, of these potential reservoirs contribute to persistent HIV-1 infection, HIV-1-infected persons in two groups categorized by CD4+ T cell levels will be treated with concomitant administration of 4 antiviral drugs (zidovudine, lamivudine, indinavir and nevirapine) to accomplish maximal achievable suppression of virus replication. The rates of decay of virus and virus-infected cells following initiation of antiviral (and steroid) therapy will be monitored with sensitive, quantitative assays, and the identity and longevity of persistent sites of infection will be determined. This study may also illuminate to what extent HIV-1-induced immune system damage manifest as decreased CD4 T cell responses, a constricted repertoire of T cell antigen recognition, or as structural compromise of lymphoid tissue architecture can be reversed upon cessation of active HIV-1 replication by combinations of potent antiviral drugs.
- Conditions
- HIV Infection
- Being tested
- Indinavir, Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Nevirapine, Blood testing
- Keywords
- Immunodeficiency, Latency, T Cell Turnover, Infected Cell Turnover, Follicular Dendritic Cells
- Medical subject headings
- HIV Infections, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
IndinavirDrug
ZidovudineDrug
LamivudineDrug
NevirapineDrug
Blood testingProcedure or surgery
Lymph node biospyProcedure or surgery
LeukapheresisProcedure or surgery
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Nov 1999 (estimated)
- Study start3 Mar 1997
- Primary completion17 Feb 2010
- Study completion17 Feb 2010
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HIV InfectionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00001644
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 970082
- Other IDs
- 97-I-0082
- Status last verified
- 17 Feb 2010
- First submitted
- 3 Nov 1999
- Last updated
- 2 Jul 2017
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, Chen W, Leonard JM, Markowitz M. Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature. 1995 Jan 12;373(6510):123-6. doi: 10.1038/373123a0.
PubMed 7816094Wei X, Ghosh SK, Taylor ME, Johnson VA, Emini EA, Deutsch P, Lifson JD, Bonhoeffer S, Nowak MA, Hahn BH, et al. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature. 1995 Jan 12;373(6510):117-22. doi: 10.1038/373117a0.
PubMed 7529365Coffin JM. HIV population dynamics in vivo: implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy. Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):483-9. doi: 10.1126/science.7824947.
PubMed 7824947
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Jul 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Use of Combination Antiviral Therapy to Delineate the Identity and Longevity of Persistent Reservoirs of HIV-1 Infection and Replication
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00001644
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 970082
- Conditions
- HIV Infection
- Keywords
- Immunodeficiency, Latency, T Cell Turnover, Infected Cell Turnover, Follicular Dendritic Cells
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- 3 Mar 1997
- Primary completion
- 17 Feb 2010 (actual)
- Study completion
- 17 Feb 2010 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Nov 1999 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will try to define how and where HIV infection persists in the body by determining: 1) if there are cells where HIV can live for long periods of time without being seen and destroyed by the immune system; 2) if there are sites where anti-HIV drugs cannot penetrate enough to stop new HIV replication; and 3) if HIV in certain lymph nodes can remain infectious for prolonged periods of time. It will also explore whether immune system damage caused by HIV can be repaired after new virus replication is stopped with treatment.
HIV-infected patients 18 years of age and older may be eligible for this study, which will include three groups as follows. Candidates will be screened with a medical history, physical examination, blood and urine tests and possibly chest X-ray and electrocardiogram.
Participants will be divided into three groups according to CD4 count levels: > 500 cells/microliter of blood; between 300 and 500 cells/microliter, and < 300 cells/microliter of blood. All participants will be treated with a combination of four antiretroviral drugs: indinavir, zidovudine, lamivudine and nevirapine. (Exceptions to this regimen may be made in certain circumstances for patients who cannot tolerate one of the four drugs.) In addition, they will undergo the following procedures:
Blood tests - Blood tests will be done at screening and at study entry to evaluate the patient's health status and measure CD4 T cell count and plasma HIV levels; at the beginning of treatment to look for drug-related side effects; and during the course of the study to evaluate drug effectiveness in inhibiting HIV replication; CD4 T cell levels and function.
Lymph node biopsy - Lymph node biopsies are done under local anesthesia. A small incision is made, the node is removed, and the incision is closed with stitches. Up to two nodes may be removed during each procedure. Patients with CD4 counts greater than 500 cells/microliter of blood and those with counts less than 300 cells/microliter will have three lymph node biopsies in order to 1) assess the effectiveness of therapy in inhibiting HIV replication in the nodes (the major site of replication); 2) determine how long HIV-infected cells may persist in the nodes after new replication is stopped by therapy; and 3) determine if immune damage caused by HIV can be repaired when virus replication is stopped. Lymph node biopsy in patients with counts between 300 and 500 cells/microliter of blood is required only at baseline, although follow-up biopsies are encouraged.
Leukapheresis - In this procedure, whole blood is collected through a needle placed in an arm vein. The blood circulates through a cell separator machine where the white cells are removed and collected. The rest of the blood is returned to the body, either through the same needle used to draw the blood or through a second needle placed in the other arm. The collected white cells are used for special studies of the level and function of T cells before and after drug treatment. Patients with CD4 counts > 500 cells/microliter and < 300 cells/microliter will undergo leukapheresis up to four times - at study entry and about 2, 6 and 12 months after starting antiretroviral therapy. Patients with CD4 counts between 300 and 500 cells/microliter will have this procedure either at study entry and 6 and 12 weeks after initiation therapy, or on the same schedule as the other patients.
Detailed description
The reservoirs of HIV-1 infection that permit maintenance of persistent virus infection (even when virus replication cannot be detected using sensitive assays to quantify plasma HIV-1 RNA levels) are currently unknown. Potential sites for persistent HIV-1 infection include cells with chronic or latent infections, cells present in locations within the body where antiviral drugs may not penetrate in levels sufficient to prevent additional cycles of de novo virus infection (e.g., the central nervous system), the presence of susceptible target cells for virus infection that may not metabolize certain antiviral drugs to their active inhibitory forms (e.g., macrophages), or extracellular (possible infectious) virus that may be retained on the surface of follicular dendritic cells within lymphoid organs. In an attempt to determine which, if any, of these potential reservoirs contribute to persistent HIV-1 infection, HIV-1-infected persons in two groups categorized by CD4+ T cell levels will be treated with concomitant administration of 4 antiviral drugs (zidovudine, lamivudine, indinavir and nevirapine) to accomplish maximal achievable suppression of virus replication. The rates of decay of virus and virus-infected cells following initiation of antiviral (and steroid) therapy will be monitored with sensitive, quantitative assays, and the identity and longevity of persistent sites of infection will be determined. This study may also illuminate to what extent HIV-1-induced immune system damage manifest as decreased CD4 T cell responses, a constricted repertoire of T cell antigen recognition, or as structural compromise of lymphoid tissue architecture can be reversed upon cessation of active HIV-1 replication by combinations of potent antiviral drugs.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Greater than or equal to 18 years old.
- Ability to sign informed consent and willingness to comply with study requirements and clinic policies.
- For women of child-bearing potential, negative result on pregnancy test within one week prior to initiating therapy.
- No medical contraindication to lymph node biopsy.
- HIV infection confirmed by ELISA and Western blot.
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Platelet count less than 100,000 platelets/mm(3).
- PT or PTT (in the absence of documented anti-cardiolipin antibody) prolonged by greater than 2 seconds.
- Known underlying bleeding disorder.
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- Psychiatric illness that might interfere with study compliance.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Indinavir | Drug | – |
| Zidovudine | Drug | – |
| Lamivudine | Drug | – |
| Nevirapine | Drug | – |
| Blood testing | Procedure or surgery | – |
| Lymph node biospy | Procedure or surgery | – |
| Leukapheresis | Procedure or surgery | – |
Primary outcome
Not reported in the source record.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Jul 2017.
- Background: PubMed 7816094Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, Chen W, Leonard JM, Markowitz M. Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature. 1995 Jan 12;373(6510):123-6. doi: 10.1038/373123a0.
- Background: PubMed 7529365Wei X, Ghosh SK, Taylor ME, Johnson VA, Emini EA, Deutsch P, Lifson JD, Bonhoeffer S, Nowak MA, Hahn BH, et al. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature. 1995 Jan 12;373(6510):117-22. doi: 10.1038/373117a0.
- Background: PubMed 7824947Coffin JM. HIV population dynamics in vivo: implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy. Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):483-9. doi: 10.1126/science.7824947.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing Indinavir, Zidovudine and Lamivudine in people with HIV Infection, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 12 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jul 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00001644, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jul 2017.