Cardiovascular DiseasesCARDIANCT00005130
Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
An observational study of Cardiovascular Diseases and Coronary Disease, run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI).
Trial summary
To measure changes in coronary heart disease risk factors in cohorts of Black and White males and females 18 to 30 years of age at baseline. Also, to identify lifestyles during this age span which influence these changes in risk factors. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Hypertension
- How many people
- 5,115 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Jan 1984to 30 Jun 2033
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Black and White males and females 18 to 30 years of age at baseline (1985-1986).
Age 18-30 years, males and females, Black and White, free of long-term disease or disability that would interfere substantially with any part of the examination
About this study
Official title: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)
To measure changes in coronary heart disease risk factors in cohorts of Black and White males and females 18 to 30 years of age at baseline. Also, to identify lifestyles during this age span which influence these changes in risk factors.
Read the detailed description
BACKGROUND:
Both epidemiologic and clinical research in coronary heart disease have increased our awareness that some risk factors for disease such as obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia may be partially determined by genetic factors or habits which are formed in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Studies to date also suggest that some of the coronary heart disease risk factors do not change dramatically before the late teenage years and that differences in characteristics by sex or race are most pronounced after this time. However, relatively little work has been done to identify the characteristics of young adult life which may be precursors to or coincident with the increase in risk factors prior to middle age. While major increases in certain risk factors occur in young adulthood in conjunction with significant changes in life style, the interrelationships among these risk factors and changes have not been rigorously investigated.
Cross-sectional data, for example, suggest that weight gain is pronounced during the late teens through age 30, particularly in males, and that a linear relationship exists between weight and lipoprotein fractions at these ages. The reasons for and consequences of this increase in adiposity need further investigation. The interaction of life events, behavior, and changes in physical activity and dietary intake that may influence weight gain and lipoprotein concentrations should be determined, as well as the importance of weight gain in relationship to risk factor changes during this age span.
Investigators have examined the consistency of blood pressure levels in children to determine whether "tracking" occurs into the teenage years. The results of these studies have raised other interesting and important questions. Is there evidence for "tracking" of other coronary risk factors? Does "tracking" persist into young adult life, a time during which dramatic changes in life style are often taking place? The study will contribute to our understanding of the development of atherosclerosis and will help to determine an optimal strategy for prevention before individual life style patterns become well established. The Working Group on Heart Disease Epidemiology in 1978 recommended the study with highest priority. The study was approved by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council in November 1982. The Request for Proposals was released in December 1982.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
CARDIA, which began recruitment in 1985, has completed 10 examinations in a cohort of 5,115 men and women aged 18-30 years in four communities in the US. Participants were initially sampled from the total population, selected census tracts or, in the case of one center, the membership of a large health plan. The original cohort had approximately equal representation by Black and White individuals, men and women, those aged 18-24 and 25-30 years, and those with no more than a high school education and more than a high school education. The baseline examination (Year 0) was conducted over a 14-month period during 1985-86. The examination consisted of questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and psychological factors; an exercise treadmill test; resting electrocardiography; a diet history assessment; anthropometry; pulmonary function testing; and resting blood pressure. Fasting blood measurements included total cholesterol and its subfractions, insulin, glucose, liver enzymes and other serum chemistry measurements, and hematology.
Nine additional examinations have been completed every 2-5 years, including a Year 35 examination completed in 2022. Repeat measurements on traditional risk factors, including plasma lipids, blood pressure, anthropometry, smoking behavior, physical activity, and pulmonary function testing (except Years 7 and 15) have used the same methods at each examination to assess age and secular trends in these factors during young adulthood. In selected years, additional measurements have been made, including a treadmill exercise test at baseline, Year 7, Year 20, and Year 35 (in a subset); diet history at baseline, Year 7, Year 20, and Year 35 (in a subset); cardiovascular reactivity measurements in Year 2; echocardiography and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at Year 5 (in a subset); skin reflectance and assessment of the experience of discrimination and other psychosocial measures and urine sodium and creatinine in Year 7; echocardiography (in a subset) in Year 10, glucose tolerance testing, and microalbuminuria in Year 10 and Year 20; coronary CT scan in Year 15 and Year 20; carotid intima media thickness in Year 20; and brain MRI (in a subset) in Years 25, 30, and 35.
Retention of the surviving cohort was 90, 86, 81, 79, 74, 72, 72, 71, and 71 percent at each of the respective follow-up examinations. Cohort members are contacted every six months to obtain information on vital status and current residence. Every other six-month contact also includes speaking with the participant to ascertain information on current smoking status, major illness or injury, and hospitalizations.
The Year 40 Exam will begin July 2026 and will continue through August 2027. There will be an estimated 2,994 participants from four field centers that will participate in this exam.
- Conditions
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Hypertension, Heart Diseases, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus
- Keywords
- Cardiovascular Disease, Coronary Disease, Prospective Cohort Study, Longitudinal Observational Study
- Medical subject headings
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Hypertension, Heart Diseases, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Cardiovascular disease
Incident coronary heart disease (fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome without myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, coronary heart disease death), stroke, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease
Measured: baseline (1985) through 2033
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 May 2000 (estimated)
- Study startJan 1984
- Primary completion30 Jun 2033 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jun 2033 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (23)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cardiovascular DiseasesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 5,115 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Jing Li, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- Investigators
- Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH, Study chair, Medical University of South CarolinaJing Li, MD, DrPH, MS, Principal investigator, University of Alabama at BirminghamCora E. Lewis, MD, MSPH, Principal investigator, University of Alabama at BirminghamMercedes R Carnethon, PhD, Principal investigator, Northwestern UniversityAnkeet S. Bhatt, MD, MBA, ScM, Principal investigator, Kaiser Foundation Research InstituteWeihong J. Tang, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Minnesota
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00005130
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1000
- Acronym
- CARDIA
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 25 May 2000
- Last updated
- 2 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
Publications
For list of CARDIA publications, https://zenodo.org/communities/cardia-cc/records?q=&l=list&p=1&s=10&sort=newest
Li XZ, Xiong ZC, Wang XY, Yu JB, Zhou J, Zhong DX, Wu YZ, Zhang BW, Zhang YM, Xia G, Fan FH, Xie X, Chen J, Song J, Zhao J, Li XR, Yang B. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Score Trajectories From Early to Middle Adulthood and Coronary Artery Calcium Progression in Middle Age. J Am Heart Assoc. 2026 Aug 7:e044564. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.125.044564. Online ahead of print.
PubMed 42568061Hao QY, Li ZH, Weng J, Zhan ZB, Bai KH, Guo JB, Cui XP, Gao JW, Zeng YH. C-Reactive Protein-Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Coronary Artery Calcium Progression: A Prospective Cohort Analysis. Clin Cardiol. 2026 Apr;49(4):e70304. doi: 10.1002/clc.70304.
PubMed 41989022Hascher K, Brown R, Janulis P, Slone BR, Avila GV, Lewis CE, Schreiner PJ, Bhatt AS, Engle A, Beach LB, Rivera AS. Investigating Sex Differences in the Association of Disclosure and Concealment of Sexual Minority Identity With Cardiovascular Health in the CARDIA Cohort at Year 35. Biopsychosoc Sci Med. 2026 Jan 1;88(1):89-99. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001422. Epub 2025 Aug 12.
PubMed 40891748Hao QY, Weng J, Zeng TT, Zeng YH, Guo JB, Li SC, Chen YR, Yang PZ, Gao JW, Li ZH. Dietary branched-chain amino acids intake and coronary artery calcium progression: insights from the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Eur J Nutr. 2025 Mar 19;64(3):131. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03649-2.
PubMed 40106011Gao JW, Guo Q, Weng Y, Huang ZG, Zhang HF, Wu YB, Wang JF, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Predicting the risk of coronary artery calcium progression in the general population: insights from the MESA and CARDIA studies. Clin Radiol. 2025 Jan;80:106724. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.10.006. Epub 2024 Oct 16.
PubMed 39546957Gao JW, Hao QY, Lin Y, Li ZH, Huang ZG, Bai ZQ, Zhang HF, Wu YB, Xiong ZC, You S, Wang JF, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Variability in Lipid Profiles During Young Adulthood and the Risk of Coronary Artery Calcium Incidence in Midlife: Insights From the CARDIA Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024 Sep;17(9):e016842. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.123.016842. Epub 2024 Sep 13.
PubMed 39268602Xu X, Wang Z, Huang R, Guo Y, Xiong Z, Zhuang X, Liao X. Remnant Cholesterol in Young Adulthood Is Associated With Left Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in Middle Age: The CARDIA Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023 Nov;16(11):e015589. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.123.015589. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
PubMed 37988449Nguyen HT, Vasconcellos HD, Keck K, Reis JP, Lewis CE, Sidney S, Lloyd-Jones DM, Schreiner PJ, Guallar E, Wu CO, Lima JAC, Ambale-Venkatesh B. Multivariate longitudinal data for survival analysis of cardiovascular event prediction in young adults: insights from a comparative explainable study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2023 Jan 25;23(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12874-023-01845-4.
PubMed 36698064Hao QY, Gao JW, Yuan ZM, Gao M, Wang JF, Schiele F, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Remnant Cholesterol and the Risk of Coronary Artery Calcium Progression: Insights From the CARDIA and MESA Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022 Jul;15(7):e014116. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.122.014116. Epub 2022 Jul 8.
PubMed 35861979Heravi AS, Michos ED, Zhao D, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Doria De Vasconcellos H, Lloyd-Jones D, Schreiner PJ, Reis JP, Wu C, Lewis CE, Shikany JM, Sidney S, Guallar E, Ndumele CE, Ouyang P, Hoogeveen RC, Lima JAC, Vaidya D, Post WS. Oxidative Stress and Menopausal Status: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Cohort Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2022 Jul;31(7):1057-1065. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0248. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
PubMed 35675673Gao JW, You S, Liu ZY, Hao QY, Wang JF, Vuitton DA, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Different Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity and Risk of Coronary Artery Calcium Progression and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events: The CARDIA Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2022 May;42(5):677-688. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.317526. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
PubMed 35387482Feng W, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Guo W, Huang F, Zhang J, Chen A, Ou C, Zhang K, Chen M. Association of Chronic Respiratory Symptoms With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: Findings From the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Chest. 2022 Apr;161(4):1036-1045. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.10.029. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
PubMed 34740593Gao (高静伟) JW, Hao (郝卿鋆) QY, Zhang (张海峰) HF, Li (李雄志) XZ, Yuan (袁智敏) ZM, Guo (郭颖) Y, Wang (王景峰) JF, Zhang (张少玲) SL, Liu (刘品明) PM. Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score and Coronary Artery Calcium Progression: Results From the CARDIA Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2021 Jan;41(1):491-500. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314838. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
PubMed 33115269Washko GR, Colangelo LA, Estepar RSJ, Ash SY, Bhatt SP, Okajima Y, Liu K, Jacobs DR Jr, Iribarren C, Thyagarajan B, Lewis CE, Kumar R, Han MK, Dransfield MT, Carnethon MR, Kalhan R. Adult Life-Course Trajectories of Lung Function and the Development of Emphysema: The CARDIA Lung Study. Am J Med. 2020 Feb;133(2):222-230.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.06.049. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
PubMed 31369720
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00005130
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CARDIA / 1000
- Conditions
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Hypertension, Heart Diseases, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus
- Keywords
- Cardiovascular Disease, Coronary Disease, Prospective Cohort Study, Longitudinal Observational Study
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 5,115 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- Jan 1984
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2033 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2033 (estimated)
- First posted
- 26 May 2000 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To measure changes in coronary heart disease risk factors in cohorts of Black and White males and females 18 to 30 years of age at baseline. Also, to identify lifestyles during this age span which influence these changes in risk factors.
Detailed description
BACKGROUND:
Both epidemiologic and clinical research in coronary heart disease have increased our awareness that some risk factors for disease such as obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia may be partially determined by genetic factors or habits which are formed in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Studies to date also suggest that some of the coronary heart disease risk factors do not change dramatically before the late teenage years and that differences in characteristics by sex or race are most pronounced after this time. However, relatively little work has been done to identify the characteristics of young adult life which may be precursors to or coincident with the increase in risk factors prior to middle age. While major increases in certain risk factors occur in young adulthood in conjunction with significant changes in life style, the interrelationships among these risk factors and changes have not been rigorously investigated.
Cross-sectional data, for example, suggest that weight gain is pronounced during the late teens through age 30, particularly in males, and that a linear relationship exists between weight and lipoprotein fractions at these ages. The reasons for and consequences of this increase in adiposity need further investigation. The interaction of life events, behavior, and changes in physical activity and dietary intake that may influence weight gain and lipoprotein concentrations should be determined, as well as the importance of weight gain in relationship to risk factor changes during this age span.
Investigators have examined the consistency of blood pressure levels in children to determine whether "tracking" occurs into the teenage years. The results of these studies have raised other interesting and important questions. Is there evidence for "tracking" of other coronary risk factors? Does "tracking" persist into young adult life, a time during which dramatic changes in life style are often taking place? The study will contribute to our understanding of the development of atherosclerosis and will help to determine an optimal strategy for prevention before individual life style patterns become well established. The Working Group on Heart Disease Epidemiology in 1978 recommended the study with highest priority. The study was approved by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council in November 1982. The Request for Proposals was released in December 1982.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
CARDIA, which began recruitment in 1985, has completed 10 examinations in a cohort of 5,115 men and women aged 18-30 years in four communities in the US. Participants were initially sampled from the total population, selected census tracts or, in the case of one center, the membership of a large health plan. The original cohort had approximately equal representation by Black and White individuals, men and women, those aged 18-24 and 25-30 years, and those with no more than a high school education and more than a high school education. The baseline examination (Year 0) was conducted over a 14-month period during 1985-86. The examination consisted of questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and psychological factors; an exercise treadmill test; resting electrocardiography; a diet history assessment; anthropometry; pulmonary function testing; and resting blood pressure. Fasting blood measurements included total cholesterol and its subfractions, insulin, glucose, liver enzymes and other serum chemistry measurements, and hematology.
Nine additional examinations have been completed every 2-5 years, including a Year 35 examination completed in 2022. Repeat measurements on traditional risk factors, including plasma lipids, blood pressure, anthropometry, smoking behavior, physical activity, and pulmonary function testing (except Years 7 and 15) have used the same methods at each examination to assess age and secular trends in these factors during young adulthood. In selected years, additional measurements have been made, including a treadmill exercise test at baseline, Year 7, Year 20, and Year 35 (in a subset); diet history at baseline, Year 7, Year 20, and Year 35 (in a subset); cardiovascular reactivity measurements in Year 2; echocardiography and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at Year 5 (in a subset); skin reflectance and assessment of the experience of discrimination and other psychosocial measures and urine sodium and creatinine in Year 7; echocardiography (in a subset) in Year 10, glucose tolerance testing, and microalbuminuria in Year 10 and Year 20; coronary CT scan in Year 15 and Year 20; carotid intima media thickness in Year 20; and brain MRI (in a subset) in Years 25, 30, and 35.
Retention of the surviving cohort was 90, 86, 81, 79, 74, 72, 72, 71, and 71 percent at each of the respective follow-up examinations. Cohort members are contacted every six months to obtain information on vital status and current residence. Every other six-month contact also includes speaking with the participant to ascertain information on current smoking status, major illness or injury, and hospitalizations.
The Year 40 Exam will begin July 2026 and will continue through August 2027. There will be an estimated 2,994 participants from four field centers that will participate in this exam.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Black and White males and females 18 to 30 years of age at baseline (1985-1986).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Cardiovascular disease
Time frame: baseline (1985) through 2033
Incident coronary heart disease (fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome without myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, coronary heart disease death), stroke, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Feb 2026.
- BackgroundFor list of CARDIA publications, https://zenodo.org/communities/cardia-cc/records?q=&l=list&p=1&s=10&sort=newest
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42568061Li XZ, Xiong ZC, Wang XY, Yu JB, Zhou J, Zhong DX, Wu YZ, Zhang BW, Zhang YM, Xia G, Fan FH, Xie X, Chen J, Song J, Zhao J, Li XR, Yang B. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Score Trajectories From Early to Middle Adulthood and Coronary Artery Calcium Progression in Middle Age. J Am Heart Assoc. 2026 Aug 7:e044564. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.125.044564. Online ahead of print.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41989022Hao QY, Li ZH, Weng J, Zhan ZB, Bai KH, Guo JB, Cui XP, Gao JW, Zeng YH. C-Reactive Protein-Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Coronary Artery Calcium Progression: A Prospective Cohort Analysis. Clin Cardiol. 2026 Apr;49(4):e70304. doi: 10.1002/clc.70304.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40891748Hascher K, Brown R, Janulis P, Slone BR, Avila GV, Lewis CE, Schreiner PJ, Bhatt AS, Engle A, Beach LB, Rivera AS. Investigating Sex Differences in the Association of Disclosure and Concealment of Sexual Minority Identity With Cardiovascular Health in the CARDIA Cohort at Year 35. Biopsychosoc Sci Med. 2026 Jan 1;88(1):89-99. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001422. Epub 2025 Aug 12.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40106011Hao QY, Weng J, Zeng TT, Zeng YH, Guo JB, Li SC, Chen YR, Yang PZ, Gao JW, Li ZH. Dietary branched-chain amino acids intake and coronary artery calcium progression: insights from the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Eur J Nutr. 2025 Mar 19;64(3):131. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03649-2.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39546957Gao JW, Guo Q, Weng Y, Huang ZG, Zhang HF, Wu YB, Wang JF, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Predicting the risk of coronary artery calcium progression in the general population: insights from the MESA and CARDIA studies. Clin Radiol. 2025 Jan;80:106724. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.10.006. Epub 2024 Oct 16.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39268602Gao JW, Hao QY, Lin Y, Li ZH, Huang ZG, Bai ZQ, Zhang HF, Wu YB, Xiong ZC, You S, Wang JF, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Variability in Lipid Profiles During Young Adulthood and the Risk of Coronary Artery Calcium Incidence in Midlife: Insights From the CARDIA Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024 Sep;17(9):e016842. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.123.016842. Epub 2024 Sep 13.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37988449Xu X, Wang Z, Huang R, Guo Y, Xiong Z, Zhuang X, Liao X. Remnant Cholesterol in Young Adulthood Is Associated With Left Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in Middle Age: The CARDIA Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023 Nov;16(11):e015589. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.123.015589. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 36698064Nguyen HT, Vasconcellos HD, Keck K, Reis JP, Lewis CE, Sidney S, Lloyd-Jones DM, Schreiner PJ, Guallar E, Wu CO, Lima JAC, Ambale-Venkatesh B. Multivariate longitudinal data for survival analysis of cardiovascular event prediction in young adults: insights from a comparative explainable study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2023 Jan 25;23(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12874-023-01845-4.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 35861979Hao QY, Gao JW, Yuan ZM, Gao M, Wang JF, Schiele F, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Remnant Cholesterol and the Risk of Coronary Artery Calcium Progression: Insights From the CARDIA and MESA Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022 Jul;15(7):e014116. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.122.014116. Epub 2022 Jul 8.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 35675673Heravi AS, Michos ED, Zhao D, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Doria De Vasconcellos H, Lloyd-Jones D, Schreiner PJ, Reis JP, Wu C, Lewis CE, Shikany JM, Sidney S, Guallar E, Ndumele CE, Ouyang P, Hoogeveen RC, Lima JAC, Vaidya D, Post WS. Oxidative Stress and Menopausal Status: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Cohort Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2022 Jul;31(7):1057-1065. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0248. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 35387482Gao JW, You S, Liu ZY, Hao QY, Wang JF, Vuitton DA, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Different Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity and Risk of Coronary Artery Calcium Progression and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events: The CARDIA Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2022 May;42(5):677-688. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.317526. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
- CARDIA public websiteLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH study chair
Medical University of South Carolina
Jing Li, MD, DrPH, MS principal investigator
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Cora E. Lewis, MD, MSPH principal investigator
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Cardiovascular Diseases and Coronary Disease, run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Cardiovascular disease (time frame: baseline (1985) through 2033). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00005130, which also lists 23 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Feb 2026.