Cardiovascular DiseasesNCT00005172
Socioeconomic Status, John Henryism and Hypertension Risk in Blacks
An observational study of Cardiovascular Diseases and Heart Diseases, run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI).
Trial summary
To investigate psychosocial and dietary influences on blood pressure in Blacks. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages Up to 100 years, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Diseases, Hypertension
- How many people
- Not given
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Dec 1984to Apr 1997
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Up to 100 years
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
No eligibility criteria
About this study
To investigate psychosocial and dietary influences on blood pressure in Blacks.
Read the detailed description
BACKGROUND:
Socioeconomic status as measured by education, income and/or occupation is generally inversely associated with hypertension-risk. John Henryism research is designed to test the psychosocial stress hypothesis that low SES Blacks who are strongly predisposed to overcome difficult life circumstances through effortful active coping might have higher blood pressure than their more relaxed neighbors and that John Henryism and anger suppression are positively correlated in Blacks.
The first two years of the project analyzed data collected on 1,548 Black and white men and women in Edgecombe County, North Carolina. The Edgecombe County data were collected in 1983 to provide data for a representative sample of households to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of a community high blood pressure control program. Approximately 50 percent of the sample was Black and 56 percent women. In the first year, measurements were made in all four race-sex groups of the effect-modifying role of John Henryism on education and on alternative measures of SES. In the second year, analyses were conducted on the degree to which job security, marriage, and socioeconomic mobility predict blood pressure in each race-sex group.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
A survey was conducted of 2,017 Black men and women in Pitt County, North Carolina. Study variables included age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status (SES), John Henryism (behavioral predisposition to cope actively with psychosocial environmental stressors), social support, anger-coping style, social desirability, dietary variables including sodium, potassium, calcium and alcohol, blood pressure, height, weight, and pregnancy. In the cross-sectional study, blood pressure was the continuous outcome as measured by linear regression. Three years after baseline all normotensive persons were re-examined in order to measure changes in blood pressure from baseline after exposure to selected psychosocial and dietary factors. The study provided an estimate of the degree to which John Henryism, social support, anger-coping and dietary factors modify the association between SES and blood pressure in Blacks.
The study was renewed in 1993 to re-examine the 1,429 respondents (571 men, 912 women) with untreated, mean diastolic blood pressure < 95 mmHg at baseline, and again at follow-up, on changes in blood pressure during the intervening four to five years (1988-1992/93). The social variables included socioeconomic status, John Henryism, stress, and social support; the dietary variables included alcohol, sodium, potassium, and calcium; and the anthropometric variables included body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR). With an emphasis on SES, physical activity, dietary habits, and cigarette smoking, the predictors of weight gain, and changes in patterning of body fat were also examined. Multiple linear regression was the primary analytic tool used to study these longitudinal relationships. In cross-sectional analyses which controlled for physical activity and other important variables, the roles of insulin resistance in mediating associations between obesity and blood pressure, and stress and blood pressure, were also examined.
The study completion date listed in this record was obtained from the "End Date" entered in the Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) record.
- Conditions
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Diseases, Hypertension
- Medical subject headings
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Diseases, Hypertension
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 May 2000 (estimated)
- Study startDec 1984
- Study completionApr 1997
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (15)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cardiovascular DiseasesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Investigators
- John Sherman, University of Michigan
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00005172
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1047
- Other IDs
- R01HL033211
- Status last verified
- Aug 2004
- First submitted
- 25 May 2000
- Last updated
- 13 May 2016
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Strogatz DS, James SA. Social support and hypertension among blacks and whites in a rural, southern community. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Dec;124(6):949-56. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114484.
PubMed 3776977James SA. Psychosocial precursors of hypertension: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Circulation. 1987 Jul;76(1 Pt 2):I60-6.
PubMed 3297410James SA, Strogatz DS, Wing SB, Ramsey DL. Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and hypertension in blacks and whites. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Oct;126(4):664-73. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114706.
PubMed 3631056Croft JB, Strogatz DS, James SA, Keenan NL, Ammerman AS, Malarcher AM, Haines PS. Socioeconomic and behavioral correlates of body mass index in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 1992 Jun;82(6):821-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.6.821.
PubMed 1585962Keenan NL, Strogatz DS, James SA, Ammerman AS, Rice BL. Distribution and correlates of waist-to-hip ratio in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Mar 15;135(6):678-84. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116347.
PubMed 1580244James SA, Keenan NL, Strogatz DS, Browning SR, Garrett JM. Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and blood pressure in black adults. The Pitt County Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Jan 1;135(1):59-67. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116202.
PubMed 1736661Gerber AM, James SA, Ammerman AS, Keenan NL, Garrett JM, Strogatz DS, Haines PS. Socioeconomic status and electrolyte intake in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 1991 Dec;81(12):1608-12. doi: 10.2105/ajph.81.12.1608.
PubMed 1746658Ainsworth BE, Keenan NL, Strogatz DS, Garrett JM, James SA. Physical activity and hypertension in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 1991 Nov;81(11):1477-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.81.11.1477.
PubMed 1951807Strogatz DS, James SA, Haines PS, Elmer PJ, Gerber AM, Browning SR, Ammerman AS, Keenan NL. Alcohol consumption and blood pressure in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Mar 1;133(5):442-50. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115911.
PubMed 2000854James SA. John Henryism and the health of African-Americans. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1994 Jun;18(2):163-82. doi: 10.1007/BF01379448. No abstract available.
PubMed 7924399Croft JB, Strogatz DS, Keenan NL, James SA, Malarcher AM, Garrett JM. The independent effects of obesity and body fat distribution on blood pressure in black adults: the Pitt County study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1993 Jul;17(7):391-7.
PubMed 8395474Curtis AB, Strogatz DS, James SA, Raghunathan TE. The contribution of baseline weight and weight gain to blood pressure change in African Americans: the Pitt County Study. Ann Epidemiol. 1998 Nov;8(8):497-503. doi: 10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00024-6.
PubMed 9802594James SA, Jamjoum L, Raghunathan TE, Strogatz DS, Furth ED, Khazanie PG. Physical activity and NIDDM in African-Americans. The Pitt County Study. Diabetes Care. 1998 Apr;21(4):555-62. doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.4.555.
PubMed 9571342Strogatz DS, Croft JB, James SA, Keenan NL, Browning SR, Garrett JM, Curtis AB. Social support, stress, and blood pressure in black adults. Epidemiology. 1997 Sep;8(5):482-7. doi: 10.1097/00001648-199709000-00002.
PubMed 9270947Curtis AB, James SA, Raghunathan TE, Alcser KH. Job strain and blood pressure in African Americans: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 1997 Aug;87(8):1297-302. doi: 10.2105/ajph.87.8.1297.
PubMed 9279264
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 May 2016. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Socioeconomic Status, John Henryism and Hypertension Risk in Blacks
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00005172
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1047
- Conditions
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Diseases, Hypertension
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Lead sponsor
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- Dec 1984
- Study completion
- Apr 1997 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 May 2000 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To investigate psychosocial and dietary influences on blood pressure in Blacks.
Detailed description
BACKGROUND:
Socioeconomic status as measured by education, income and/or occupation is generally inversely associated with hypertension-risk. John Henryism research is designed to test the psychosocial stress hypothesis that low SES Blacks who are strongly predisposed to overcome difficult life circumstances through effortful active coping might have higher blood pressure than their more relaxed neighbors and that John Henryism and anger suppression are positively correlated in Blacks.
The first two years of the project analyzed data collected on 1,548 Black and white men and women in Edgecombe County, North Carolina. The Edgecombe County data were collected in 1983 to provide data for a representative sample of households to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of a community high blood pressure control program. Approximately 50 percent of the sample was Black and 56 percent women. In the first year, measurements were made in all four race-sex groups of the effect-modifying role of John Henryism on education and on alternative measures of SES. In the second year, analyses were conducted on the degree to which job security, marriage, and socioeconomic mobility predict blood pressure in each race-sex group.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
A survey was conducted of 2,017 Black men and women in Pitt County, North Carolina. Study variables included age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status (SES), John Henryism (behavioral predisposition to cope actively with psychosocial environmental stressors), social support, anger-coping style, social desirability, dietary variables including sodium, potassium, calcium and alcohol, blood pressure, height, weight, and pregnancy. In the cross-sectional study, blood pressure was the continuous outcome as measured by linear regression. Three years after baseline all normotensive persons were re-examined in order to measure changes in blood pressure from baseline after exposure to selected psychosocial and dietary factors. The study provided an estimate of the degree to which John Henryism, social support, anger-coping and dietary factors modify the association between SES and blood pressure in Blacks.
The study was renewed in 1993 to re-examine the 1,429 respondents (571 men, 912 women) with untreated, mean diastolic blood pressure < 95 mmHg at baseline, and again at follow-up, on changes in blood pressure during the intervening four to five years (1988-1992/93). The social variables included socioeconomic status, John Henryism, stress, and social support; the dietary variables included alcohol, sodium, potassium, and calcium; and the anthropometric variables included body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR). With an emphasis on SES, physical activity, dietary habits, and cigarette smoking, the predictors of weight gain, and changes in patterning of body fat were also examined. Multiple linear regression was the primary analytic tool used to study these longitudinal relationships. In cross-sectional analyses which controlled for physical activity and other important variables, the roles of insulin resistance in mediating associations between obesity and blood pressure, and stress and blood pressure, were also examined.
The study completion date listed in this record was obtained from the "End Date" entered in the Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) record.
Study design
Who may qualify
- Ages
- Up to 100 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Not reported in the source record.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 May 2016.
- Background: PubMed 3776977Strogatz DS, James SA. Social support and hypertension among blacks and whites in a rural, southern community. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Dec;124(6):949-56. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114484.
- Background: PubMed 3297410James SA. Psychosocial precursors of hypertension: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Circulation. 1987 Jul;76(1 Pt 2):I60-6.
- Background: PubMed 3631056James SA, Strogatz DS, Wing SB, Ramsey DL. Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and hypertension in blacks and whites. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Oct;126(4):664-73. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114706.
- Background: PubMed 1585962Croft JB, Strogatz DS, James SA, Keenan NL, Ammerman AS, Malarcher AM, Haines PS. Socioeconomic and behavioral correlates of body mass index in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 1992 Jun;82(6):821-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.6.821.
- Background: PubMed 1580244Keenan NL, Strogatz DS, James SA, Ammerman AS, Rice BL. Distribution and correlates of waist-to-hip ratio in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Mar 15;135(6):678-84. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116347.
- Background: PubMed 1736661James SA, Keenan NL, Strogatz DS, Browning SR, Garrett JM. Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and blood pressure in black adults. The Pitt County Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Jan 1;135(1):59-67. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116202.
- Background: PubMed 1746658Gerber AM, James SA, Ammerman AS, Keenan NL, Garrett JM, Strogatz DS, Haines PS. Socioeconomic status and electrolyte intake in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 1991 Dec;81(12):1608-12. doi: 10.2105/ajph.81.12.1608.
- Background: PubMed 1951807Ainsworth BE, Keenan NL, Strogatz DS, Garrett JM, James SA. Physical activity and hypertension in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 1991 Nov;81(11):1477-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.81.11.1477.
- Background: PubMed 2000854Strogatz DS, James SA, Haines PS, Elmer PJ, Gerber AM, Browning SR, Ammerman AS, Keenan NL. Alcohol consumption and blood pressure in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Mar 1;133(5):442-50. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115911.
- Background: PubMed 7924399James SA. John Henryism and the health of African-Americans. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1994 Jun;18(2):163-82. doi: 10.1007/BF01379448. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 8395474Croft JB, Strogatz DS, Keenan NL, James SA, Malarcher AM, Garrett JM. The independent effects of obesity and body fat distribution on blood pressure in black adults: the Pitt County study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1993 Jul;17(7):391-7.
- Background: PubMed 9802594Curtis AB, Strogatz DS, James SA, Raghunathan TE. The contribution of baseline weight and weight gain to blood pressure change in African Americans: the Pitt County Study. Ann Epidemiol. 1998 Nov;8(8):497-503. doi: 10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00024-6.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
John Sherman
University of Michigan
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Cardiovascular Diseases and Heart Diseases, run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 May 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00005172, which also lists 15 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 May 2016.