Colorectal CancerPhase 3NCT00069095
A Study of Capecitabine (Xeloda) and Bevacizumab as a First-line Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
A Phase 3 study testing Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2, Capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2 and Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg in people with Colorectal Cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche at 236 sites in 33 countries.
Trial summary
This 4 arm study assessed the efficacy and safety of oral capecitabine (Xeloda) or intravenous (iv) fluorouracil/leucovorin, in combination with iv oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) with or without iv bevacizumab (Avastin), as a first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Colorectal Cancer
- What is being tested?
- Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2, Capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2 and Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 2,035 participants
- Where
- 236 sitesin 33 countries
- Study dates
- Jul 2003to Apr 2009
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adult patients ≥ 18 years of age.
- Metastatic colorectal cancer.
- ≥ 1 target lesion.
Who cannot join
- Previous treatment with oxaliplatin or bevacizumab.
- Previous systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic disease.
- Progressive disease during or within 6 months of completion of previous adjuvant therapy.
Trial locations and contacts
236 sites in 33 countries.
236 sites in 33 countries
United States49 sites
Study site
Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001
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Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48106
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Atlanta, Georgia, 30341
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Berkeley, California, 94704
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Bismarck, North Dakota, 58501
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Boca Raton, Florida, 33486
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Boston, Massachusetts, 02135
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Burlington, Vermont, 05401
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Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
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Charlotte, North Carolina, 28203
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Charlotte, North Carolina, 28233-3549
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Chicago, Illinois, 60640
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Columbia, South Carolina, 29209
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East Orange, New Jersey, 07019
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Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007
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Fargo, North Dakota, 58122
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Farmington, New Mexico, 87401
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Fountain Valley, California, 92708
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Fullerton, California, 92835
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Gainesville, Florida, 33610-0277
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Gilroy, California, 95020
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Greenbrae, California, 94904
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Hamilton, New Jersey, 08690
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Houston, Texas, 77024
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Jacksonville, Florida, 32207
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Las Vegas, Nevada, 89106
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Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0098
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Los Angeles, California, 90057
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Memphis, Tennessee, 38120
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New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901
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New Orleans, Louisiana, 70121
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New Port Richey, Florida, 34652
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New York, New York, 10065
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Norwich, Connecticut, 06360
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Orange, California, 92868
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Palo Alto, California, 94304
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Peoria, Illinois, 61615-7828
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Providence, Rhode Island, 02906
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Richmond, Virginia, 23294
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Rochester, New York, 14623
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Saint Louis Park, Minnesota, 55416
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San Diego, California, 92123
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Sayre, Pennsylvania, 18840
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Scarborough, Maine, 04074
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Syracuse, New York, 13210
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Tampa, Florida, 33607
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Tampa, Florida, 33647
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Upland, Pennsylvania, 19013
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Waterbury, Connecticut, 06708
Canada24 sites
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Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N2
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Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2
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Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1V7
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Hamilton, Ontario, L8V 5C2
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Kelowna, British Columbia, V1Y 5L3
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Lévis, Quebec, G6V 3Z1
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London, Ontario, N6A 4L6
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Mississauga, Ontario, L5M 2N1
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Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4
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Montreal, Quebec, H2L 4M1
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Montreal, Quebec, H4J 1C5
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North Vancouver, British Columbia, V7L 2L7
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Oshawa, Ontario, L1G 2B9
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Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6
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Québec, Quebec, G1R 2J6
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St. Catharines, Ontario, L2R 7C6
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Surrey, British Columbia, V3V 1Z2
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Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5
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Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5
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Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9
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Toronto, Ontario, M9N 1N8
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Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1H5
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Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 6V5
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Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 2A6
France21 sites
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Besançon, 25030
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Bobigny, 93009
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Boulogne-Billancourt, 92104
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Brest, 29609
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Chambray-lès-Tours, 37171
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Colmar, 68024
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Dijon, 21079
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Grenoble, 38100
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Lyon, 69373
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Metz, 57072
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Nice, 06189
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Nice, 06202
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Nîmes, 30029
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Paris, 75475
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Paris, 75651
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Paris, 75679
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Pierre-Bénite, 69495
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Rouen, 76031
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Saint-Herblain, 44093
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Saint-Herblain, 44805
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Toulouse, 31052
United Kingdom17 sites
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Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN
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Birmingham, B18 7QH
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Cardiff, CF14 2TL
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Derby, DE1 2QY
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Glasgow, G12 0YN
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Guildford, GU2 7XX
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Hull, HU8 9HE
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London, SW3 6JJ
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Maidstone, ME16 9QQ
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Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN
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Northwood, HA6 2RN
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Nottingham, NG5 1PB
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Plymouth, PL6 8DH
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Salisbury, SP2 8BJ
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Southampton, SO9 4PE
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Sutton, SM2 5PT
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Taunton, TA1 5DA
Spain16 sites
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Barcelona, 08035
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Barcelona, 08036
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Córdoba, 14004
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Granada, 18014
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Leganés, 28911
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Madrid, 28007
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Madrid, 28034
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Madrid, 28040
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Madrid, 28041
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Madrid, 28046
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Málaga, 29010
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Santander, 39008
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Valencia, 46009
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Valencia, 46010
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Valencia, 46026
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Zaragoza, 50009
Australia15 sites
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Adelaide, 5011
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Box Hill, 3128
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Brisbane, 4101
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Camperdown, 2050
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Fitzroy, 3065
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Footscray, 3011
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Kurralta Park, 5037
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Malvern, 3144
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Melbourne, 3002
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Melbourne, 3181
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Perth, 6000
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Port Macquarie, 2444
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St Leonards, 2065
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Sydney, 2031
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Sydney, 2139
China11 sites
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Beijing, 100021
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Beijing, 100853
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Guangdong, 510515
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Guangzhou, 510060
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Jiangsu, 210009
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Jiangxi, 330000
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Shandong, 250117
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Shanghai, 200025
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Shanghai, 200092
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Tianjin, 300060
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Wuhan, 430030
Germany10 sites
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Bochum, 44892
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Halle, 06120
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Hanover, 30625
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Herne, 44625
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Leipzig, 04129
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Mainz, 55131
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Mannheim, 68167
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Regensburg, 93053
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Stralsund, 18435
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Trier, 54290
Italy8 sites
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Ancona, 60121
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Genova, 16132
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Modena, 41100
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Padova, 35100
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Parma, 43100
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Pavia, 27100
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Reggio Emilia, 42100
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Sassari, 07100
Israel5 sites
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Haifa, 31096
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Jerusalem, 91120
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Petah Tikva, 49100
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Tel Aviv, 64239
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Tsrifin, 70300
Russia5 sites
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Moscow, 105229
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Moscow, 115478
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Moscow, 117837
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Saint Petersburg, 197758
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Saint Petersburg, 198255
Sweden5 sites
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Gävle, 80187
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Karlstad, 65185
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Stockholm, 17176
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Uppsala, 751 85
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Västerås, 72189
Czechia4 sites
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Brno, 656 53
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Chomutov, 430 12
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Hradec Králové, 500 36
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Ostrava, 708 52
Hungary4 sites
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Budapest, 1082
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Budapest, H-1122
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Győr, 9002
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Kecskemét, 6000
Ireland4 sites
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Cork
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Dublin, 4
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Dublin, 8
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Galway
Taiwan4 sites
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Kueishan, 333
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Taipei, 100
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Taipei, 112
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Taipei, 114
Brazil3 sites
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Jaú, 17210-080
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Rio de Janeiro, 20231-050
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São Paulo, 05403-000
Denmark3 sites
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Copenhagen, 2100
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Herlev, 2730
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Odense, 5000
Finland3 sites
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Helsinki, 00029
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Tampere, 33520
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Turku, 20520
Norway3 sites
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Bergen, 5021
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Oslo, 0407
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Tromsø, 9038
South Africa3 sites
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Cape Town, 7506
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Pretoria, 0001
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Sandton, 2199
Thailand3 sites
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Bangkok, 10110
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Bangkok, 10700
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Khon Kaen, 40002
Guatemala2 sites
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Guatemala City, 01009
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Guatemala City, 01015
Turkey (Türkiye)2 sites
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Istanbul, 34300
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Izmir, 35100
About this study
Official title: A 2x2 Factorial Randomized Phase III Study of Intermittent Oral Capecitabine in Combination With Intravenous Oxaliplatin (Q3W) ("XELOX") With/Without Intravenous Bevacizumab (Q3W) Versus Bolus and Continuous Infusion Fluorouracil/Intravenous Leucovorin With Intravenous Oxaliplatin (Q2W) ("FOLFOX-4") With/Without Intravenous Bevacizumab (Q2W) as First-line Treatment for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
This 4 arm study assessed the efficacy and safety of oral capecitabine (Xeloda) or intravenous (iv) fluorouracil/leucovorin, in combination with iv oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) with or without iv bevacizumab (Avastin), as a first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients were randomized to receive 1) XELOX (Xeloda 1000 mg/m^2 orally [po] twice a day [bid] on Days 1-15 + oxaliplatin in 3 week cycles), 2) FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin + leucovorin + fluorouracil [5-FU] in 2 week cycles), 3) XELOX + bevacizumab (7.5 mg iv on Day 1 in 3 week cycles), or 4) FOLFOX-4 + bevacizumab (5 mg iv on Day 1 in 2 week cycles).
Read the detailed description
This study was conducted in 2 parts: An initial 2-arm part in which patients were randomized to 1 of 2 different treatment groups (XELOX or FOLFOX-4), and a subsequent 2 x 2 factorial part, added to the study through a protocol amendment, in which additional patients were randomized into one of 4 different treatment groups (XELOX + placebo, FOLFOX-4 + placebo, XELOX + bevacizumab, or FOLFOX-4 + bevacizumab). Due to the comparison of the oral agent capecitabine with bolus and infused fluorouracil, the study was not blinded with respect to these 2 treatments. The study was double-blind with regard to the administration of bevacizumab, ie, there was a placebo control for bevacizumab in the second part of the study.
The study consisted of 3 phases, a Primary Study Treatment Phase, a Post-Study Treatment Phase, and a Follow-Up Phase.
Primary Study Treatment Phase
Patients were to receive up to 16 cycles (2-arm part of the study) or 24 cycles (4-arm part of the study) of treatment during the Primary Study Treatment Phase (48 weeks).
Post-Study Treatment Phase
Patients who completed the 48-week primary study treatment phase without progressive disease were eligible to enter the post-study treatment phase at the discretion of the investigator and the sponsor. Patients who entered this phase were to continue treatment on the same regimen to which they were initially randomized until either progression of disease was documented, unacceptable toxicity occurred, or the patient withdrew consent.
Follow-up Phase
Patients who terminated study treatment during the primary or post-study treatment phase were followed until disease progression or death.
- Conditions
- Colorectal Cancer
- Being tested
- Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2, Capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2, Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg, Placebo for bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg, Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2
- Medical subject headings
- Colorectal Neoplasms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2Drug
Also called Eloxatin
Oxaliplatin was administered in a 2 h infusion before the first dose of capecitabine.
Capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2Drug
Also called Xeloda
Capecitabine was taken within 30 min after the end of breakfast and dinner.
Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kgDrug
Also called Avastin
Bevacizumab was administered in a 30 to 90 min infusion.
Placebo for bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kgDrug
Placebo control for bevacizumab (volume equivalent to 7.5 mg/kg bevacizumab) was administered in a 30 to 90 min infusion.
Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2Drug
Also called Eloxatin
Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 was administered simultaneously with leucovorin in a 2 h infusion.
Leucovorin 200 mg/m^2Drug
Leucovorin was administered simultaneously with oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 in a 2 h infusion.
Fluorouracil 400 mg/m^2Drug
Also called Efudex
Bevacizumab 5 mg/kgDrug
Also called Avastin
Bevacizumab was administered in a 30 to 90 min infusion.
Placebo for bevacizumab 5 mg/kgDrug
Placebo control for bevacizumab (volume equivalent to 5 mg/kg bevacizumab) was administered in a 30 to 90 min infusion.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| XELOX (oxaliplatin+capecitabine) | Experimental | Patients in the 2-arm part of the study received oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2 intravenously (iv) on Day 1 of every 3 week cycle + capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2 orally twice a day for the first 2 weeks of every 3 week cycle. Patients in the 4-arm part of the study received the same treatments plus placebo for bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg iv on Day 1 of every 3 week cycle. Receives: Drug: Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2; Drug: Capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2; Drug: Placebo for bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg |
| XELOX (oxaliplatin+capecitabine) + bevacizumab | Experimental | Patients in the 4-arm part of the study received oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2 intravenously (iv) on Day 1 of every 3 week cycle + capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2 orally twice a day for the first 2 weeks of every 3 week cycle + bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg iv on Day 1 of every 3 week cycle. Receives: Drug: Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2; Drug: Capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2; Drug: Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg |
| FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil) | Active comparator | Patients in the 2-arm part of the study received oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 intravenously (iv) + leucovorin 200 mg/m^2 iv on Day 1 of every 2 week cycle + fluorouracil 400 mg/m^2 bolus injection over 2 to 4 min followed by 600 mg/m^2 continuous infusion over 22 h on Days 1 and 2 of every 2 week cycle. Patients in the 4-arm part of the study received the same treatments plus placebo for bevacizumab 5 mg/kg iv on Day 1 of every 2 week cycle. Receives: Drug: Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2; Drug: Leucovorin 200 mg/m^2; Drug: Fluorouracil 400 mg/m^2; Drug: Placebo for bevacizumab 5 mg/kg |
| FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil) + bevacizumab | Active comparator | Patients in the 4-arm part of the study received oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 intravenously (iv) + leucovorin 200 mg/m^2 iv + bevacizumab 5 mg/kg iv on Day 1 of every 2 week cycle + fluorouracil 400 mg/m^2 bolus injection over 2 to 4 min followed by 600 mg/m^2 continuous infusion over 22 h on Days 1 and 2 of every 2 week cycle. Receives: Drug: Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2; Drug: Leucovorin 200 mg/m^2; Drug: Fluorouracil 400 mg/m^2; Drug: Bevacizumab 5 mg/kg |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Progression-free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by the Investigator According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) by General Approach (Participants With Curative Surgery Censored): Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
PFS was defined as the time from randomization to progressive disease or death. Participants with neither disease progression nor death were censored at the last date of the last tumor assessment that confirmed that their disease had not progressed. Participants with no tumor assessments after baseline who were alive at the time of clinical cutoff were censored at the date of randomization. Participants who underwent surgical resection with curative intent without prior progression were censored at the date of surgery. PFS was based on tumor assessments made by the investigators according to the RECIST criteria. Non-inferiority analysis that followed the general approach took into account all tumor assessments obtained during the primary study treatment phase, the post-study treatment phase and those obtained during the follow-up phase. Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms compared with the FOLFOX-4- containing arms was investigated.
Measured: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS as Assessed by the Investigator According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) by General Approach (Participants With Curative Surgery Censored) - Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
PFS was defined as the time from randomization to progressive disease or death. Participants with neither disease progression nor death were censored at the last date of the last tumor assessment that confirmed that their disease had not progressed. Participants with no tumor assessments after baseline who were alive at the time of clinical cutoff were censored at the date of randomization. Participants who underwent surgical resection with curative intent without prior progression were censored at the date of surgery. PFS was based on tumor assessments made by the investigators according to the RECIST criteria. Superiority analysis that followed the general approach took into account all tumor assessments obtained during the primary study treatment phase, the post-study treatment phase and those obtained during the follow-up phase. Superiority of the BV-containing arms was compared with the chemotherapy alone arms.
Measured: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
Secondary outcomes (20)
PFS as Assessed by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) (General Approach, Participants With Curative Surgery Censored) - Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
PFS is defined as the time from randomization to disease progression (PD) or death due to any cause. Participants with neither disease progression nor death were censored at the last date of the last tumor assessment that confirmed that their disease had not progressed. Participants who underwent surgical resection with curative intent without prior progression were censored at the date of surgery. PFS was analyzed on the basis of the tumor response assessments made by the IRC. Non-inferiority analysis that followed the general approach took into account all tumor assessments obtained during the primary study treatment phase, the post-study treatment phase and those obtained during the follow-up phase. Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms was compared with the FOLFOX-4-containing arms.
Measured: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS as Assessed by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) (General Approach, Participants With Curative Surgery Censored) - Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
PFS is defined as the time from randomization to disease progression (PD) or death due to any cause. Participants with neither disease progression nor death were censored at the last date of the last tumor assessment that confirmed that their disease had not progressed. Participants who underwent surgical resection with curative intent without prior progression were censored at the date of surgery. PFS was analyzed on the basis of the tumor response assessments made by the IRC. Superiority analysis that followed the general approach took into account all tumor assessments obtained during the primary study treatment phase, the post-study treatment phase and those obtained during the follow-up phase. Superiority of the bevacizumab-containing arms was compared with the placebo-containing arms.
Measured: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS (On-treatment Approach): Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
PFS is defined as the time from randomization to disease progression (PD) or death due to any cause. The on-treatment analysis included only tumor assessments and death events that occurred no later than 28 days after the last confirmed intake of any study medication in the primary study treatment phase. Participants who did not have an event during this interval were censored at the date of the last tumor assessment within this time window, or on day 1 if no tumor assessment was available after baseline. Participants who underwent surgical resection with curative intent without prior progression within 28 days after the last confirmed intake of any study medication in the primary study treatment phase were censored at the date of surgery. The on-treatment approach excluded the possible impact of other treatments that might have been started before disease progression. Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms was compared with the FOLFOX-4-containing arms.
Measured: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS (On-treatment Approach): Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
PFS is defined as the time from randomization to disease progression (PD) or death due to any cause. The on-treatment analysis included only tumor assessments and death events that occurred no later than 28 days after the last confirmed intake of any study medication in the primary study treatment phase. Participants who did not have an event during this interval were censored at the date of the last tumor assessment within this time window, or on day 1 if no tumor assessment was available after baseline. Participants who underwent surgical resection with curative intent without prior progression within 28 days after the last confirmed intake of any study medication in the primary study treatment phase were censored at the date of surgery. The on-treatment approach excluded the possible impact of other treatments that might have been started before disease progression. Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms was compared with the FOLFOX-4-containing arms.
Measured: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS by General Approach, Participants With Curative Surgery Not Censored: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
PFS is defined as the time from randomization to disease progression (PD) or death due to any cause. Participants who underwent curative surgery after experiencing a sufficient shrinkage of their tumor were not censored at the date of surgery, but any relapse, new occurrence of colorectal cancer, or death was considered as an event. Non-inferiority analysis that followed the general approach took into account all tumor assessments obtained during the primary study treatment phase, the post-study treatment phase and those obtained during the follow-up phase. Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms was compared with the FOLFOX-4-containing arms.
Measured: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS by General Approach, Participants With Curative Surgery Not Censored: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
PFS is defined as the time from randomization to disease progression (PD) or death due to any cause. Participants who underwent curative surgery after experiencing a sufficient shrinkage of their tumor were not censored at the date of surgery, but any relapse, new occurrence of colorectal cancer, or death was considered as an event. Superiority analysis that followed the general approach took into account all tumor assessments obtained during the primary study treatment phase, the post-study treatment phase and those obtained during the follow-up phase. Superiority of the BV-containing arms was compared with the chemotherapy alone arms.
Measured: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
Overall Survival: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Overall survival was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death. Participants who were not reported to have died at the time of the clinical cut-off date for the analysis were censored using the date they were last known to be alive. Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms was compared with the FOLFOX-4-containing arms.
Measured: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
Overall Survival: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Overall survival was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death. Participants who were not reported to have died at the time of the clinical cut-off date for the analysis were censored using the date they were last known to be alive. Superiority of the BV-containing arms was compared with the chemotherapy alone arms.
Measured: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
Best Overall Response (BOR) as Assessed by the Investigator According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST): Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
According to the RECIST criteria, BOR in an individual participant was defined as the best response recorded from the start of the treatment until disease progression or recurrence. Only tumor assessments as assessed by the investigator and made up to and including 28 days after last intake of study medication in the primary study treatment phase not later than date of first curative surgery were included in these analyses. Responders were defined as the percentage of participants with a confirmed best overall response of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms was compared with the FOLFOX-4-containing arms.
Measured: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Best Overall Response (BOR) as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
According to the RECIST criteria, BOR in an individual participant was defined as the best response recorded from the start of the treatment until disease progression or recurrence. Only tumor assessments as assessed by the investigator and made up to and including 28 days after last intake of study medication in the primary study treatment phase not later than date of first curative surgery were included in these analyses. Responders were defined as the percentage of participants with a confirmed best overall response of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). Superiority of the BV-containing arms was compared with the chemotherapy alone arms.
Measured: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
BOR as Assessed by the IRC According to RECIST: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
According to the RECIST criteria, the BOR in an individual participant was the best response recorded from the start of the treatment until disease progression/recurrence (taking the smallest measurements recorded since the baseline assessment as a reference for PD). The BOR as assessed by the IRC was determined based on tumor assessments that were made up to and including 28 days after last intake of study medication in the primary study treatment phase. Responders were defined as the percentage of participants with a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms was compared with the FOLFOX-4-containing arms.
Measured: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
BOR as Assessed by the IRC According to RECIST: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
According to the RECIST criteria, the BOR in an individual participant was the best response recorded from the start of the treatment until disease progression/recurrence (taking the smallest measurements recorded since the baseline assessment as a reference for PD). The BOR as assessed by the IRC was determined based on tumor assessments that were made up to and including 28 days after last intake of study medication in the primary study treatment phase. Responders were defined as the percentage of participants with a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). Superiority of the BV-containing arms was compared with the chemotherapy alone arms.
Measured: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Time to Treatment Failure (TTF) as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time to treatment failure was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of discontinuation of the primary study treatment phase due to adverse event/intercurrent illness, insufficient therapeutic response, death, failure to return, refusing treatment/being unwilling to cooperate, or withdrawing consent; discontinuation of the post study treatment phase due to adverse event, progressive disease, death, participant refusal/administrative reasons, or withdrawing consent; documented disease progression; or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. The general approach took into account all tumor assessments obtained during the primary study treatment phase, the post-study treatment phase and those obtained during the follow-up phase.The on-treatment approach included only tumor assessments and deaths that occurred no later than 28 days after the last confirmed intake of any study medication in the primary study treatment phase only.
Measured: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Time to Treatment Failure as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Time to treatment failure was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of discontinuation of the primary study treatment phase due to adverse event/intercurrent illness, insufficient therapeutic response, death, failure to return, refusing treatment/being unwilling to cooperate, or withdrawing consent; discontinuation of the post study treatment phase due to adverse event, progressive disease, death, participant refusal/administrative reasons, or withdrawing consent; documented disease progression; or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. The general approach included all tumor assessments or deaths that occurred during the primary study treatment phase, the post-study treatment phase, or the follow-up phase. The on-treatment approach included only tumor assessments and deaths that occurred no later than 28 days after the last confirmed intake of any study medication in the primary study treatment phase only.
Measured: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Time to Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
For participants whose BOR was CR or PR, time to response was measured as the time from randomization to the first time when the measurement criteria for CR or PR (whichever status was recorded first) was met. It was based on tumor assessments made by the investigators according to the RECIST criteria. Results were reported as the number of participants achieving a response in 8 time categories from Week 1 to Week 54. Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms was compared with the FOLFOX-4-containing arms.
Measured: Week 1 to Week 54
Time to Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
For participants whose BOR was CR or PR, time to response was measured as the time from randomization to the first time when the measurement criteria for CR or PR (whichever status was recorded first) was met. It was based on tumor assessments made by the investigators according to the RECIST criteria. Results were reported as the number of participants achieving a response in 8 time categories from Week 1 to Week 54. Superiority of the BV-containing arms was compared with the chemotherapy alone arms.
Measured: Week 1 to Week 54
Duration of Overall Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Duration of overall response was measured from the time that measurement criteria were first met for CR or PR (whichever status was recorded first) until the first date when progressive disease or death was documented. It was based on tumor assessments made by the investigators according to the RECIST criteria. Participants who neither progressed nor died were censored at the date of the last tumor assessment. Participants undergoing surgical resection with curative intent were censored at the date of surgery. Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms was compared with the FOLFOX-4-containing arms.
Measured: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Duration of Overall Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Superiority Analysis of Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab Versus Chemotherapy Alone
Duration of overall response was measured from the time that measurement criteria were first met for CR or PR (whichever status was recorded first) until the first date when progressive disease or death was documented. It was based on tumor assessments made by the investigators according to the RECIST criteria. Participants who neither progressed nor died were censored at the date of the last tumor assessment. Participants undergoing surgical resection with curative intent were censored at the date of surgery. Superiority of the BV-containing arms was compared with the chemotherapy alone arms.
Measured: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Duration of Complete Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
For complete responders, the duration of complete response was measured from the time measurement criteria were first met for complete response until the date that progressive disease (or death) was documented. Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms was compared with the FOLFOX-4-containing arms.
Measured: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Duration of Complete Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
For complete responders, the duration of complete response was measured from the time measurement criteria were first met for complete response until the date that progressive disease (or death) was documented. Superiority of the BV-containing arms was compared with the chemotherapy alone arms.
Measured: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Sep 2003 (estimated)
- Study startJul 2003
- Primary completionJan 2006
- Study completionApr 2009
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Colorectal CancerStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Hoffmann-La RocheThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 2,035 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hoffmann-La Roche
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Clinical Trials, Study director, Hoffmann-La Roche
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00069095
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NO16966
- Status last verified
- Aug 2016
- First submitted
- 15 Sep 2003
- Last updated
- 6 Oct 2016
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Oct 2016. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A 2x2 Factorial Randomized Phase III Study of Intermittent Oral Capecitabine in Combination With Intravenous Oxaliplatin (Q3W) ("XELOX") With/Without Intravenous Bevacizumab (Q3W) Versus Bolus and Continuous Infusion Fluorouracil/Intravenous Leucovorin With Intravenous Oxaliplatin (Q2W) ("FOLFOX-4") With/Without Intravenous Bevacizumab (Q2W) as First-line Treatment for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00069095
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NO16966
- Conditions
- Colorectal Cancer
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 2,035 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Hoffmann-La RocheIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Study start
- Jul 2003
- Primary completion
- Jan 2006 (actual)
- Study completion
- Apr 2009 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Sep 2003 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 22 Jan 2016
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This 4 arm study assessed the efficacy and safety of oral capecitabine (Xeloda) or intravenous (iv) fluorouracil/leucovorin, in combination with iv oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) with or without iv bevacizumab (Avastin), as a first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients were randomized to receive 1) XELOX (Xeloda 1000 mg/m^2 orally [po] twice a day [bid] on Days 1-15 + oxaliplatin in 3 week cycles), 2) FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin + leucovorin + fluorouracil [5-FU] in 2 week cycles), 3) XELOX + bevacizumab (7.5 mg iv on Day 1 in 3 week cycles), or 4) FOLFOX-4 + bevacizumab (5 mg iv on Day 1 in 2 week cycles).
Detailed description
This study was conducted in 2 parts: An initial 2-arm part in which patients were randomized to 1 of 2 different treatment groups (XELOX or FOLFOX-4), and a subsequent 2 x 2 factorial part, added to the study through a protocol amendment, in which additional patients were randomized into one of 4 different treatment groups (XELOX + placebo, FOLFOX-4 + placebo, XELOX + bevacizumab, or FOLFOX-4 + bevacizumab). Due to the comparison of the oral agent capecitabine with bolus and infused fluorouracil, the study was not blinded with respect to these 2 treatments. The study was double-blind with regard to the administration of bevacizumab, ie, there was a placebo control for bevacizumab in the second part of the study.
The study consisted of 3 phases, a Primary Study Treatment Phase, a Post-Study Treatment Phase, and a Follow-Up Phase.
Primary Study Treatment Phase
Patients were to receive up to 16 cycles (2-arm part of the study) or 24 cycles (4-arm part of the study) of treatment during the Primary Study Treatment Phase (48 weeks).
Post-Study Treatment Phase
Patients who completed the 48-week primary study treatment phase without progressive disease were eligible to enter the post-study treatment phase at the discretion of the investigator and the sponsor. Patients who entered this phase were to continue treatment on the same regimen to which they were initially randomized until either progression of disease was documented, unacceptable toxicity occurred, or the patient withdrew consent.
Follow-up Phase
Patients who terminated study treatment during the primary or post-study treatment phase were followed until disease progression or death.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| XELOX (oxaliplatin+capecitabine) | Experimental | Drug: Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2, Drug: Capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2, Drug: Placebo for bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kgPatients in the 2-arm part of the study received oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2 intravenously (iv) on Day 1 of every 3 week cycle + capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2 orally twice a day for the first 2 weeks of every 3 week cycle. Patients in the 4-arm part of the study received the same treatments plus placebo for bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg iv on Day 1 of every 3 week cycle. |
| XELOX (oxaliplatin+capecitabine) + bevacizumab | Experimental | Drug: Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2, Drug: Capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2, Drug: Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kgPatients in the 4-arm part of the study received oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2 intravenously (iv) on Day 1 of every 3 week cycle + capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2 orally twice a day for the first 2 weeks of every 3 week cycle + bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg iv on Day 1 of every 3 week cycle. |
| FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil) | Active comparator | Drug: Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2, Drug: Leucovorin 200 mg/m^2, Drug: Fluorouracil 400 mg/m^2, Drug: Placebo for bevacizumab 5 mg/kgPatients in the 2-arm part of the study received oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 intravenously (iv) + leucovorin 200 mg/m^2 iv on Day 1 of every 2 week cycle + fluorouracil 400 mg/m^2 bolus injection over 2 to 4 min followed by 600 mg/m^2 continuous infusion over 22 h on Days 1 and 2 of every 2 week cycle. Patients in the 4-arm part of the study received the same treatments plus placebo for bevacizumab 5 mg/kg iv on Day 1 of every 2 week cycle. |
| FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil) + bevacizumab | Active comparator | Drug: Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2, Drug: Leucovorin 200 mg/m^2, Drug: Fluorouracil 400 mg/m^2, Drug: Bevacizumab 5 mg/kgPatients in the 4-arm part of the study received oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 intravenously (iv) + leucovorin 200 mg/m^2 iv + bevacizumab 5 mg/kg iv on Day 1 of every 2 week cycle + fluorouracil 400 mg/m^2 bolus injection over 2 to 4 min followed by 600 mg/m^2 continuous infusion over 22 h on Days 1 and 2 of every 2 week cycle. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Adult patients ≥ 18 years of age.
- Metastatic colorectal cancer.
- ≥ 1 target lesion.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Previous treatment with oxaliplatin or bevacizumab.
- Previous systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic disease.
- Progressive disease during or within 6 months of completion of previous adjuvant therapy.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2Also: EloxatinOxaliplatin was administered in a 2 h infusion before the first dose of capecitabine. | Drug | XELOX (oxaliplatin+capecitabine), XELOX (oxaliplatin+capecitabine) + bevacizumab |
| Capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2Also: XelodaCapecitabine was taken within 30 min after the end of breakfast and dinner. | Drug | XELOX (oxaliplatin+capecitabine), XELOX (oxaliplatin+capecitabine) + bevacizumab |
| Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kgAlso: AvastinBevacizumab was administered in a 30 to 90 min infusion. | Drug | XELOX (oxaliplatin+capecitabine) + bevacizumab |
| Placebo for bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kgPlacebo control for bevacizumab (volume equivalent to 7.5 mg/kg bevacizumab) was administered in a 30 to 90 min infusion. | Drug | XELOX (oxaliplatin+capecitabine) |
| Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2Also: EloxatinOxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 was administered simultaneously with leucovorin in a 2 h infusion. | Drug | FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil), FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil) + bevacizumab |
| Leucovorin 200 mg/m^2Leucovorin was administered simultaneously with oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 in a 2 h infusion. | Drug | FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil), FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil) + bevacizumab |
| Fluorouracil 400 mg/m^2Also: Efudex | Drug | FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil), FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil) + bevacizumab |
| Bevacizumab 5 mg/kgAlso: AvastinBevacizumab was administered in a 30 to 90 min infusion. | Drug | FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil) + bevacizumab |
| Placebo for bevacizumab 5 mg/kgPlacebo control for bevacizumab (volume equivalent to 5 mg/kg bevacizumab) was administered in a 30 to 90 min infusion. | Drug | FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin+leucovorin+fluorouracil) |
Primary outcome
Progression-free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by the Investigator According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) by General Approach (Participants With Curative Surgery Censored): Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS was defined as the time from randomization to progressive disease or death. Participants with neither disease progression nor death were censored at the last date of the last tumor assessment that confirmed that their disease had not progressed. Participants with no tumor assessments after baseline who were alive at the time of clinical cutoff were censored at the date of randomization. Participants who underwent surgical resection with curative intent without prior progression were censored at the date of surgery. PFS was based on tumor assessments made by the investigators according to the RECIST criteria. Non-inferiority analysis that followed the general approach took into account all tumor assessments obtained during the primary study treatment phase, the post-study treatment phase and those obtained during the follow-up phase. Non-inferiority of the XELOX-containing arms compared with the FOLFOX-4- containing arms was investigated.
PFS as Assessed by the Investigator According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) by General Approach (Participants With Curative Surgery Censored) - Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS was defined as the time from randomization to progressive disease or death. Participants with neither disease progression nor death were censored at the last date of the last tumor assessment that confirmed that their disease had not progressed. Participants with no tumor assessments after baseline who were alive at the time of clinical cutoff were censored at the date of randomization. Participants who underwent surgical resection with curative intent without prior progression were censored at the date of surgery. PFS was based on tumor assessments made by the investigators according to the RECIST criteria. Superiority analysis that followed the general approach took into account all tumor assessments obtained during the primary study treatment phase, the post-study treatment phase and those obtained during the follow-up phase. Superiority of the BV-containing arms was compared with the chemotherapy alone arms.
20 secondary outcomes
PFS as Assessed by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) (General Approach, Participants With Curative Surgery Censored) - Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS as Assessed by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) (General Approach, Participants With Curative Surgery Censored) - Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS (On-treatment Approach): Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS (On-treatment Approach): Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS by General Approach, Participants With Curative Surgery Not Censored: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
PFS by General Approach, Participants With Curative Surgery Not Censored: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
Overall Survival: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
Overall Survival: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months
Best Overall Response (BOR) as Assessed by the Investigator According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST): Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time frame: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Best Overall Response (BOR) as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Time frame: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
BOR as Assessed by the IRC According to RECIST: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time frame: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
BOR as Assessed by the IRC According to RECIST: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Time frame: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Time to Treatment Failure (TTF) as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time frame: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Time to Treatment Failure as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Time frame: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Time to Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time frame: Week 1 to Week 54
Time to Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Time frame: Week 1 to Week 54
Duration of Overall Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time frame: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Duration of Overall Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Superiority Analysis of Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab Versus Chemotherapy Alone
Time frame: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Duration of Complete Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4
Time frame: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Duration of Complete Response as Assessed by the Investigator According to RECIST: Superiority of Chemotherapy Plus BV Over Chemotherapy Alone
Time frame: From baseline until disease progression/recurrence, approximately 2 years 6 months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Oct 2016.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Clinical Trials study director
Hoffmann-La Roche
236 sites in 33 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^2, Capecitabine 1000 mg/m^2 and Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg in people with Colorectal Cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche at 236 sites in 33 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Oct 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 236 sites in United States, Canada, France, United Kingdom, Spain and 28 more countries. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 22 Jan 2016). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Progression-free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by the Investigator According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) by General Approach (Participants With Curative Surgery Censored): Non-inferiority of XELOX Versus FOLFOX-4 (time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death, approximately 2 years 6 months). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Oct 2016.