HIV InfectionsPhase 1/2NCT00084058
Safety of Saquinavir and High Doses of Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Children With HIV
A Phase 1/2 study testing Lopinavir/ritonavir and Saquinavir in people with HIV Infections, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 15 sites in 2 countries.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of increased doses of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and saquinavir (SQV) in HIV infected children who are failing their current antiretroviral regimen Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 2 to 17 years
- Conditions the study is for
- HIV Infections
- What is being tested?
- Lopinavir/ritonavir and Saquinavir
- How many people
- 26 participants
- Where
- 15 sitesin 2 countries
- Study dates
- Start not givento Dec 2006
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 2 to 17 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- HIV infected
- HIV RNA viral load greater than 5,000 copies/ml
- At least 6 months of continuous therapy with a protease inhibitor (PI) prior to study entry
- No change in antiretroviral therapy since genotypic resistance testing
- Genotypic resistance testing indicating a primary protease mutation at position 32, 47, 48, 50, 82, or 84 and at least three other mutations in positions 10, 20, 24, 30, 32, 33, 36, 46, 47, 48, 50, 53, 54, 71, 73, 77, 82, 84, or 90 OR phenotypic resistance testing, within 6 months of screening while on a failing regimen, indicating at least a fivefold increase in LPV as compared to wild type HIV
- Parent or legal guardian willing to provide informed consent
Show all 9Show fewer
- If sexually active, agree to use acceptable methods of contraception
- Have a telephone, pager, or other method of reliable communication with study staff
- Able and willing to swallow study medications
Who cannot join
- Any drug toxicity greater than Grade 3 at screening
- Certain abnormal laboratory values
- Acute opportunistic or serious bacterial infection requiring treatment
- Chemotherapy for active cancer
- Any significant diseases (other than HIV infection) that may, in the opinion of the investigator, interfere with the study
- Require certain medications
Show all 9Show fewer
- History of heart problems
- Family history of prolonged QTc-Interval Syndrome or prolonged QTc-interval at study entry
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding
Trial locations and contacts
15 sites in 2 countries.
15 sites in 2 countries
United States13 sites
Johns Hopkins Hosp. & Health System - Dept. of Peds., Div. of Infectious Diseases
Baltimore, Maryland
UAB, Dept. of Ped., Div. of Infectious Diseases
Birmingham, Alabama, 35233
HMS - Children's Hosp. Boston, Div. of Infectious Diseases
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago Children's CRS
Chicago, Illinois, 60614
DUMC Ped. CRS
Durham, North Carolina, 27705
Long Beach Memorial Med. Ctr., Miller Children's Hosp.
Long Beach, California, 90801
St. Jude/UTHSC CRS
Memphis, Tennessee, 38105-2794
Tulane/LSU Maternal/Child CRS
New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112-2699
Harlem Hosp. Ctr. NY NICHD CRS
New York, New York, 10037
Nyu Ny Nichd Crs
New York, New York
Strong Memorial Hospital Rochester NY NICHD CRS
Rochester, New York, 14642-0001
UCSF Pediatric AIDS CRS
San Francisco, California, 94143-0105
Jacobi Med. Ctr.
The Bronx, New York, 10461
Puerto Rico2 sites
Univ. of Puerto Rico Ped. HIV/AIDS Research Program CRS
San Juan, 00936-5067
San Juan City Hosp. PR NICHD CRS
San Juan
About this study
Official title: A Phase I/II Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Study of High Dose Lopinavir/Ritonavir With or Without Saquinavir in HIV-Infected Pediatric Subjects Previously Treated With Protease Inhibitors
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of increased doses of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and saquinavir (SQV) in HIV infected children who are failing their current antiretroviral regimen
Read the detailed description
Since current drugs cannot cure HIV infection, lifelong therapy is required. Development of drug resistance is common, with 30% to 80% of patients with initial viral load decreases following a potent anti-HIV regimen experiencing regimen failure within the first year of therapy. Dose intensification (increasing dosing of treatment medications) has been used successfully in pediatric oncology. Dose intensification in HIV infected patients may overcome resistance and, as similarly observed in cancer, may result in a greater rate of viral inhibition, maximizing the degree and durability of viral suppression. This study will evaluate dose intensification in HIV infected children and adolescents who are failing their current antiretroviral regimen and have significant genotypic and phenotypic resistance.
Participants in this 3-step study will have previously undergone genotypic resistance testing as part of their regular clinical care. Participants will have phenotypic resistance testing done at screening or within 6 months prior to study entry. Participants in this study will have either a genotypic profile with at least 4 of the required protease mutations or phenotypic resistance to LPV that is at least fivefold greater than wild type while on a failing regimen within 6 months of study screening.
In Step 1, Group 1 participants will be randomly assigned to either a drug regimen without a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or a drug regimen with an NNRTI for Group 2 participants. Participants and their doctors will work with study investigators to select the best treatment regimen possible. All participants in the study will receive LPV/r as part of their drug regimens. Participants in Group 1 will take a higher dose of LPV/r than participants in Group 2 because NNRTIs lower LPV/r levels in the blood.
At Week 2, participants will undergo a 12-hour pharmacokinetic (PK) test to evaluate the drug levels in their blood. If LPV/r levels are not high enough to control HIV and the participant can swallow tablets, hard gel capsules, or the contents of hard gel capsules with food or milk, the participant will begin taking SQV as part of his or her drug regimen and enter Step 2. After two weeks of taking SQV, participants will again undergo PK testing at Week 6. Based on these test results, the dose of SQV will then be increased, decreased, or maintained. Participants who do not add SQV to their regimen will continue taking LPV/r for the remainder of the study and stay in Step 1. If the PK test indicates SQV blood concentrations are sufficient, the participant will remain in Step 2. If the PK test indicates SQV blood concentrations are too low, the SQV dose will be increased and the participant will enter Step 3. After 2 weeks of taking elevated doses of SQV, participants will undergo PK testing at Week 10. If the PK test indicates that SQV blood concentrations are too high, the SQV dose will be decreased. At Week 14, participants who receive a reduced SQV dose will again undergo PK testing to verify that SQV blood concentrations are optimal.
Participants will have study visits at Weeks 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8, then every 4 weeks through the end of the study at Week 48. Study visits will include a physical exam, health history assessment, and blood collection. Blood collection for PK studies will occur at selected visits. Study visits at Weeks 2 and 12 will include an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).
- Conditions
- HIV Infections
- Being tested
- Lopinavir/ritonavir, Saquinavir
- Keywords
- Dose Intensification, Pharmacokinetic Sampling, Treatment Experienced, Child
- Medical subject headings
- HIV Infections
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Lopinavir/ritonavirDrug
SaquinavirDrug
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Life-threatening adverse events attributable to study drugs
dose-limiting toxicity, defined as adverse events of Grade 3 or greater attributable to study drug and require dose reduction or interruption but are not judged to be life-threatening by the protocol team
Secondary outcomes (5)
Pharmacological success, defined as achieving an inhibitory quotient (IQ) of 15 after 2 weeks on high-dose LPV/r without life-threatening or dose-limiting toxicity
virologic success, defined by optimal response (undetectable viral load) at Week 24 or adequate response (0.75 log drop in viral load or more) from baseline to Week 24
immunologic success, defined as a CD4% increase from baseline of 5% or more points by Week 24
minimal criterion for overall success, defined as a 0.75 log drop in viral load or more or 5% point increase in CD4% from baseline to Week 24
virologic failure, defined as an inadequate (less than 0.75 log drop in viral load) or suboptimal (confirmed viral load of greater than 400 copies/ml) response at Week 24
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Jun 2004 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2006
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HIV InfectionsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Peter L. Havens, MD, Study chair, Medical College of Wisconsin
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00084058
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- P1038
- Other IDs
- 10045, PACTG P1038
- Status last verified
- Oct 2021
- First submitted
- 4 Jun 2004
- Last updated
- 1 Nov 2021
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Foster C, Lyall EG. Children with HIV: improved mortality and morbidity with combination antiretroviral therapy. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2005 Jun;18(3):253-9. doi: 10.1097/01.qco.0000168387.24142.cf.
PubMed 15864104Havlir DV, Gilbert PB, Bennett K, Collier AC, Hirsch MS, Tebas P, Adams EM, Wheat LJ, Goodwin D, Schnittman S, Holohan MK, Richman DD; ACTG 5025 Study Group. Effects of treatment intensification with hydroxyurea in HIV-infected patients with virologic suppression. AIDS. 2001 Jul 27;15(11):1379-88. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200107270-00007.
PubMed 11504959Kempf DJ, Isaacson JD, King MS, Brun SC, Sylte J, Richards B, Bernstein B, Rode R, Sun E. Analysis of the virological response with respect to baseline viral phenotype and genotype in protease inhibitor-experienced HIV-1-infected patients receiving lopinavir/ritonavir therapy. Antivir Ther. 2002 Sep;7(3):165-74.
PubMed 12487383Kulkosky J, Nunnari G, Otero M, Calarota S, Dornadula G, Zhang H, Malin A, Sullivan J, Xu Y, DeSimone J, Babinchak T, Stern J, Cavert W, Haase A, Pomerantz RJ. Intensification and stimulation therapy for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reservoirs in infected persons receiving virally suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2002 Nov 15;186(10):1403-11. doi: 10.1086/344357. Epub 2002 Oct 29.
PubMed 12404155Malee K, Williams PL, Montepiedra G, Nichols S, Sirois PA, Storm D, Farley J, Kammerer B; PACTG 219C Team. The role of cognitive functioning in medication adherence of children and adolescents with HIV infection. J Pediatr Psychol. 2009 Mar;34(2):164-75. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn068. Epub 2008 Jul 22.
PubMed 18647794Robbins BL, Capparelli EV, Chadwick EG, Yogev R, Serchuck L, Worrell C, Smith ME, Alvero C, Fenton T, Heckman B, Pelton SI, Aldrovandi G, Borkowsky W, Rodman J, Havens PL; PACTG 1038 Team. Pharmacokinetics of high-dose lopinavir-ritonavir with and without saquinavir or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pediatric and adolescent patients previously treated with protease inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Sep;52(9):3276-83. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00224-08. Epub 2008 Jul 14.
PubMed 18625762
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Nov 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase I/II Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Study of High Dose Lopinavir/Ritonavir With or Without Saquinavir in HIV-Infected Pediatric Subjects Previously Treated With Protease Inhibitors
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00084058
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- P1038
- Conditions
- HIV Infections
- Keywords
- Dose Intensification, Pharmacokinetic Sampling, Treatment Experienced, Child
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)US National Institutes of Health
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Study completion
- Dec 2006 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Jun 2004 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of increased doses of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and saquinavir (SQV) in HIV infected children who are failing their current antiretroviral regimen
Detailed description
Since current drugs cannot cure HIV infection, lifelong therapy is required. Development of drug resistance is common, with 30% to 80% of patients with initial viral load decreases following a potent anti-HIV regimen experiencing regimen failure within the first year of therapy. Dose intensification (increasing dosing of treatment medications) has been used successfully in pediatric oncology. Dose intensification in HIV infected patients may overcome resistance and, as similarly observed in cancer, may result in a greater rate of viral inhibition, maximizing the degree and durability of viral suppression. This study will evaluate dose intensification in HIV infected children and adolescents who are failing their current antiretroviral regimen and have significant genotypic and phenotypic resistance.
Participants in this 3-step study will have previously undergone genotypic resistance testing as part of their regular clinical care. Participants will have phenotypic resistance testing done at screening or within 6 months prior to study entry. Participants in this study will have either a genotypic profile with at least 4 of the required protease mutations or phenotypic resistance to LPV that is at least fivefold greater than wild type while on a failing regimen within 6 months of study screening.
In Step 1, Group 1 participants will be randomly assigned to either a drug regimen without a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or a drug regimen with an NNRTI for Group 2 participants. Participants and their doctors will work with study investigators to select the best treatment regimen possible. All participants in the study will receive LPV/r as part of their drug regimens. Participants in Group 1 will take a higher dose of LPV/r than participants in Group 2 because NNRTIs lower LPV/r levels in the blood.
At Week 2, participants will undergo a 12-hour pharmacokinetic (PK) test to evaluate the drug levels in their blood. If LPV/r levels are not high enough to control HIV and the participant can swallow tablets, hard gel capsules, or the contents of hard gel capsules with food or milk, the participant will begin taking SQV as part of his or her drug regimen and enter Step 2. After two weeks of taking SQV, participants will again undergo PK testing at Week 6. Based on these test results, the dose of SQV will then be increased, decreased, or maintained. Participants who do not add SQV to their regimen will continue taking LPV/r for the remainder of the study and stay in Step 1. If the PK test indicates SQV blood concentrations are sufficient, the participant will remain in Step 2. If the PK test indicates SQV blood concentrations are too low, the SQV dose will be increased and the participant will enter Step 3. After 2 weeks of taking elevated doses of SQV, participants will undergo PK testing at Week 10. If the PK test indicates that SQV blood concentrations are too high, the SQV dose will be decreased. At Week 14, participants who receive a reduced SQV dose will again undergo PK testing to verify that SQV blood concentrations are optimal.
Participants will have study visits at Weeks 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8, then every 4 weeks through the end of the study at Week 48. Study visits will include a physical exam, health history assessment, and blood collection. Blood collection for PK studies will occur at selected visits. Study visits at Weeks 2 and 12 will include an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 2 to 17 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- HIV infected
- HIV RNA viral load greater than 5,000 copies/ml
- At least 6 months of continuous therapy with a protease inhibitor (PI) prior to study entry
- No change in antiretroviral therapy since genotypic resistance testing
- Genotypic resistance testing indicating a primary protease mutation at position 32, 47, 48, 50, 82, or 84 and at least three other mutations in positions 10, 20, 24, 30, 32, 33, 36, 46, 47, 48, 50, 53, 54, 71, 73, 77, 82, 84, or 90 OR phenotypic resistance testing, within 6 months of screening while on a failing regimen, indicating at least a fivefold increase in LPV as compared to wild type HIV
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Any drug toxicity greater than Grade 3 at screening
- Certain abnormal laboratory values
- Acute opportunistic or serious bacterial infection requiring treatment
- Chemotherapy for active cancer
- Any significant diseases (other than HIV infection) that may, in the opinion of the investigator, interfere with the study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | Drug | – |
| Saquinavir | Drug | – |
Primary outcome
Life-threatening adverse events attributable to study drugs
dose-limiting toxicity, defined as adverse events of Grade 3 or greater attributable to study drug and require dose reduction or interruption but are not judged to be life-threatening by the protocol team
5 secondary outcomes
Pharmacological success, defined as achieving an inhibitory quotient (IQ) of 15 after 2 weeks on high-dose LPV/r without life-threatening or dose-limiting toxicity
virologic success, defined by optimal response (undetectable viral load) at Week 24 or adequate response (0.75 log drop in viral load or more) from baseline to Week 24
immunologic success, defined as a CD4% increase from baseline of 5% or more points by Week 24
minimal criterion for overall success, defined as a 0.75 log drop in viral load or more or 5% point increase in CD4% from baseline to Week 24
virologic failure, defined as an inadequate (less than 0.75 log drop in viral load) or suboptimal (confirmed viral load of greater than 400 copies/ml) response at Week 24
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Nov 2021.
- Background: PubMed 15864104Foster C, Lyall EG. Children with HIV: improved mortality and morbidity with combination antiretroviral therapy. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2005 Jun;18(3):253-9. doi: 10.1097/01.qco.0000168387.24142.cf.
- Background: PubMed 11504959Havlir DV, Gilbert PB, Bennett K, Collier AC, Hirsch MS, Tebas P, Adams EM, Wheat LJ, Goodwin D, Schnittman S, Holohan MK, Richman DD; ACTG 5025 Study Group. Effects of treatment intensification with hydroxyurea in HIV-infected patients with virologic suppression. AIDS. 2001 Jul 27;15(11):1379-88. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200107270-00007.
- Background: PubMed 12487383Kempf DJ, Isaacson JD, King MS, Brun SC, Sylte J, Richards B, Bernstein B, Rode R, Sun E. Analysis of the virological response with respect to baseline viral phenotype and genotype in protease inhibitor-experienced HIV-1-infected patients receiving lopinavir/ritonavir therapy. Antivir Ther. 2002 Sep;7(3):165-74.
- Background: PubMed 12404155Kulkosky J, Nunnari G, Otero M, Calarota S, Dornadula G, Zhang H, Malin A, Sullivan J, Xu Y, DeSimone J, Babinchak T, Stern J, Cavert W, Haase A, Pomerantz RJ. Intensification and stimulation therapy for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reservoirs in infected persons receiving virally suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2002 Nov 15;186(10):1403-11. doi: 10.1086/344357. Epub 2002 Oct 29.
- Results publication: PubMed 18647794Malee K, Williams PL, Montepiedra G, Nichols S, Sirois PA, Storm D, Farley J, Kammerer B; PACTG 219C Team. The role of cognitive functioning in medication adherence of children and adolescents with HIV infection. J Pediatr Psychol. 2009 Mar;34(2):164-75. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn068. Epub 2008 Jul 22.
- Results publication: PubMed 18625762Robbins BL, Capparelli EV, Chadwick EG, Yogev R, Serchuck L, Worrell C, Smith ME, Alvero C, Fenton T, Heckman B, Pelton SI, Aldrovandi G, Borkowsky W, Rodman J, Havens PL; PACTG 1038 Team. Pharmacokinetics of high-dose lopinavir-ritonavir with and without saquinavir or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pediatric and adolescent patients previously treated with protease inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Sep;52(9):3276-83. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00224-08. Epub 2008 Jul 14.
Related trials for HIV Infections
Not yet recruiting
HealthMpowerment Korea: Pilot Testing the Cultural Adaptation of a Digital HIV Intervention for Men Who Have Sex With Men in South Korea
HIV Infections, HIV Prevention and Care
Not yet recruiting
Prescribe to Prevent HIV: A Hybrid Trial Helping Addiction Clinics Prevent HIV & Infections Through Safer Drug Use Support
People Who Use Opioids/People With Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Recruiting
Evaluating the Impact of Using the B-OK Bottles for HIV and ART Literacy in South Africa
HIV, HIV Treatment
Recruiting
Trial Phase: Syndemic Adapted Medly Uganda
Mental Health
RecruitingObservational study
Olfactory Function and Model-Based Behavior in People Living With HIV and SUD
HIV, Substance Use Disorder
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Peter L. Havens, MD study chair
Medical College of Wisconsin
15 sites in 2 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1/2 study testing Lopinavir/ritonavir and Saquinavir in people with HIV Infections, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 15 sites in 2 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Nov 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 15 sites in United States, Puerto Rico. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Life-threatening adverse events attributable to study drugs. The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00084058, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Nov 2021.