Hodgkin DiseasePhase 4NCT00188149
Optimization of the Primary Therapy for Patients With Hodgkin's Disease and Evaluation of PET
A Phase 4 study testing Combined chemotherapy (ABVD, BACOPP-D) and Radiation therapy in people with Hodgkin Disease, run by University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at 1 site in Germany.
Trial summary
Prognosis of patients with Hodgkin´s lymphoma (HL) has been improved significantly over the last decade. Therefore, the impact of treatment associated long-term toxicities and late effects such as second cancers increased. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Hodgkin Disease
- What is being tested?
- Combined chemotherapy (ABVD, BACOPP-D) and Radiation therapy
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- How many people
- 300 participants
- Where
- 1 siteGermany
- Study dates
- May 2000to Dec 2007
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Histologically confirmed Hodgkin´s Lymphoma (WHO Classification 1999)
- Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Nodular sclerosis (type 1 and 2) / Mixed type / Lymphocyte depleted type / Lymphocyte rich type
- Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Patients in stage: Clinical stage (CS) I without risk factors / CS II without risk factors
- Age between 16 and 75
- Written informed consent
Show all 23Show fewer
- Histologically confirmed Hodgkin´s Lymphoma (WHO Classification 1999)
- Classical Hodgkin´s Lymphoma: Nodular sclerosis (type 1 and 2) / Mixed type / Lymphocyte depleted type / Lymphocyte rich type
- Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Patients in stage
- Clinical stage (CS) I,II A with risk factors: Large mediastinal tumor (>1/3 of the maximal diameter of the thoracic cavity) / Extranodal disease / Sedimentation rate ≥ 50 mm/h for patients without B-symptomes or ≥ 30 mm/h for patients with B-symptomes / ≥ 3 lymph node areas infiltrated with tumor cells
- Clinical stage (CS) II B with risk factors: Sedimentation rate ≥ 50 mm/h for patients without B-symptomes or ≥ 30 mm/h for patients with B-symptomes / ≥ 3 lymph node areas infiltrated with tumor cells
- Age between 16 and 75
- Written informed consent
- Histologically confirmed Hodgkin´s Lymphoma (WHO Classification 1999)
- Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma (Hodgkin's desease): Nodular sclerosis (type 1 and 2) / Mixed type / Lymphocyte depleted type / Lymphocyte rich type
- Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Patients in stage
- Clinical stage (CS) II B with minimum one of the following risk factors: Large mediastinal tumor (≥1/3 of the maximal diameter of the thoracic cavity) / Extranodal disease
- Clinical stage (CS) III
- Clinical stage (CS) IV
- Age between 16 and 65
- Written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Poor general condition not related to the lymphoma (ECOG perfomance status 3 or 4; Karnofsky Index < 50 %)
- Severe concomitant diseases: cardiac insufficiency (NYHA grade III or IV) / chronic respiratory insufficiency with hypoxemia / Hepatic insufficiency (cirrhosis, Hepatitis B or C / chronic renal insufficiency / HIV infection or other out-of-control infections / hematopoetic insufficiency (Leukocytes < 3000/µl; Thrombocytes < 100.000/µl / psychiatric diseases
- History of previous malignancy in the last 5 years
- Pregnancy
- Patients not likely to comply to the requirements stemming form the participation in the trial
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Germany1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus
Dresden, Saxony, 01307
Ralph Naumann, MD
About this study
Official title: Optimization of the Primary Therapy for Patients With Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Evaluation of the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) as a Diagnostic Tool for Primary Staging and Assessment of the Effects of the Therapy
Prognosis of patients with Hodgkin´s lymphoma (HL) has been improved significantly over the last decade. Therefore, the impact of treatment associated long-term toxicities and late effects such as second cancers increased. The purpose of this prospective multicenter trial is to show the feasibility of the treatment with ABVD alone in patients with limited stage (HL1) and intermediate stage (HL2) disease and of an intensified etoposide-free chemotherapy regimen for patients with advanced disease (HL3) including 18F-FDG-PET evaluation.
Read the detailed description
The aim in limited and intermediate stages is to reduce the toxicity by omitting the subsequent radiotherapy in patients with complete remission after ABVD chemotherapy. Patients with limited disease receive four cycles, patients with intermediate disease (according to the criteria of the German Hodgkin Study group, GHSG) receice six cycles of ABVD. In case of residual mass (> 1.5 cm), additional involved field irradiation is planned. The aim in advanced disease using BACOPP-D regimen which includes cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, dacarbazine, procarbazine, prednisolone, bleomycin and vincristine, is to reduce the hematological toxicity and the secondary leukemias by omitting etoposide (in comparison to the BEACOPP escalated regimen). All patients receive eight cycles of the BACOPP-D regimen. In case of residual mass (> 1.5 cm), additional involved field irradiation is planned. Additionally, we want to evaluate the CT- and PET-based remission status after chemotherapy and at final staging.
- Conditions
- Hodgkin Disease
- Being tested
- Combined chemotherapy (ABVD, BACOPP-D), Radiation therapy
- Keywords
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, PET
- Medical subject headings
- Hodgkin Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Combined chemotherapy (ABVD, BACOPP-D)Drug
Radiation therapyProcedure or surgery
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
- Feasibility and acute toxicity of the therapy
- The Free from Therapy Failure (FFTF) rate after one year
- Event-Free Survival (EFS) rate and overall survival rate
- Evaluation of the PET as a diagnostic tool for the primary tumor staging as well for assessment of the effects of the therapy
Secondary outcomes (2)
- Evaluation of the quality of life of the patients during and after the therapy
- Occurence of late toxicity after the end of the therapy
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Sep 2005 (estimated)
- Study startMay 2000
- Study completionDec 2007
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (16)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Hodgkin DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 300 participants
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Investigators
- Ralph Naumann, MD, Principal investigator, University Clinic "Carl Gustav Carus" Dresden
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00188149
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CGC05MK1002
- Status last verified
- Sep 2005
- First submitted
- 10 Sep 2005
- Last updated
- 29 Dec 2005
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Anselmo AP, Bove M, Cartoni C, Damico C, Maurizi Enrici R, Falchetto Osti M, Biagini C. Combined modality (ABVD plus radiotherapy) versus radiotherapy in the management of early stage (IIA) Hodgkin's disease with mediastinal involvement. Haematologica. 1992 Mar-Apr;77(2):177-9.
PubMed 1383107Biti GP, Cimino G, Cartoni C, Magrini SM, Anselmo AP, Enrici RM, Bellesi GP, Bosi A, Papa G, Giannarelli D, et al. Extended-field radiotherapy is superior to MOPP chemotherapy for the treatment of pathologic stage I-IIA Hodgkin's disease: eight-year update of an Italian prospective randomized study. J Clin Oncol. 1992 Mar;10(3):378-82. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.3.378.
PubMed 1740677Canellos GP, Anderson JR, Propert KJ, Nissen N, Cooper MR, Henderson ES, Green MR, Gottlieb A, Peterson BA. Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease with MOPP, ABVD, or MOPP alternating with ABVD. N Engl J Med. 1992 Nov 19;327(21):1478-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199211193272102.
PubMed 1383821Carde P, Hagenbeek A, Hayat M, Monconduit M, Thomas J, Burgers MJ, Noordijk EM, Tanguy A, Meerwaldt JH, Le Fur R, et al. Clinical staging versus laparotomy and combined modality with MOPP versus ABVD in early-stage Hodgkin's disease: the H6 twin randomized trials from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Nov;11(11):2258-72. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.11.2258.
PubMed 7693881Cosset JM, Henry-Amar M, Meerwaldt JH, Carde P, Noordijk EM, Thomas J, Burgers JM, Somers R, Hayat M, Tubiana M. The EORTC trials for limited stage Hodgkin's disease. The EORTC Lymphoma Cooperative Group. Eur J Cancer. 1992;28A(11):1847-50. doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(92)90018-w. No abstract available.
PubMed 1389523Diehl V, Sieber M, Ruffer U, Lathan B, Hasenclever D, Pfreundschuh M, Loeffler M, Lieberz D, Koch P, Adler M, Tesch H. BEACOPP: an intensified chemotherapy regimen in advanced Hodgkin's disease. The German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Ann Oncol. 1997 Feb;8(2):143-8. doi: 10.1023/a:1008294312741.
PubMed 9093722Fleming TR. One-sample multiple testing procedure for phase II clinical trials. Biometrics. 1982 Mar;38(1):143-51.
PubMed 7082756GEHAN EA. A GENERALIZED WILCOXON TEST FOR COMPARING ARBITRARILY SINGLY-CENSORED SAMPLES. Biometrika. 1965 Jun;52:203-23. No abstract available.
PubMed 14341275Horning SJ, Hoppe RT, Mason J, Brown BW, Hancock SL, Baer D, Rosenberg SA. Stanford-Kaiser Permanente G1 study for clinical stage I to IIA Hodgkin's disease: subtotal lymphoid irradiation versus vinblastine, methotrexate, and bleomycin chemotherapy and regional irradiation. J Clin Oncol. 1997 May;15(5):1736-44. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.5.1736.
PubMed 9164180Longo DL, Glatstein E, Duffey PL, Young RC, Hubbard SM, Urba WJ, Wesley MN, Raubitschek A, Jaffe ES, Wiernik PH, et al. Radiation therapy versus combination chemotherapy in the treatment of early-stage Hodgkin's disease: seven-year results of a prospective randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 1991 Jun;9(6):906-17. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.6.906.
PubMed 2033427Peto R, Pike MC, Armitage P, Breslow NE, Cox DR, Howard SV, Mantel N, McPherson K, Peto J, Smith PG. Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. II. analysis and examples. Br J Cancer. 1977 Jan;35(1):1-39. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1977.1.
PubMed 831755Ruiz-Arguelles GJ, Gomez-Almaguer D, Apreza-Molina MG. Chemotherapy alone may be an efficient alternative in the treatment of early stage Hodgkin's disease if optimal radiotherapy is not available. Leuk Lymphoma. 1997 Sep;27(1-2):179-83. doi: 10.3109/10428199709068285.
PubMed 9373210Salloum E, Doria R, Schubert W, Zelterman D, Holford T, Roberts KB, Farber LR, Kiehl RK, Cardinale J, Cooper DL. Second solid tumors in patients with Hodgkin's disease cured after radiation or chemotherapy plus adjuvant low-dose radiation. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Sep;14(9):2435-43. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.9.2435.
PubMed 8823321Seegenschmiedt MH. Interdisciplinary documentation of treatment side effects in oncology. Present status and perspectives. Strahlenther Onkol. 1998 Nov;174 Suppl 3:25-9.
PubMed 9830452Specht L, Gray RG, Clarke MJ, Peto R. Influence of more extensive radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy on long-term outcome of early-stage Hodgkin's disease: a meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials involving 3,888 patients. International Hodgkin's Disease Collaborative Group. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Mar;16(3):830-43. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.3.830.
PubMed 9508163
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Dec 2005. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Optimization of the Primary Therapy for Patients With Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Evaluation of the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) as a Diagnostic Tool for Primary Staging and Assessment of the Effects of the Therapy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00188149
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CGC05MK1002
- Conditions
- Hodgkin Disease
- Keywords
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, PET
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 300 participants
- Lead sponsor
- University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Study start
- May 2000
- Study completion
- Dec 2007
- First posted
- 16 Sep 2005 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Prognosis of patients with Hodgkin´s lymphoma (HL) has been improved significantly over the last decade. Therefore, the impact of treatment associated long-term toxicities and late effects such as second cancers increased. The purpose of this prospective multicenter trial is to show the feasibility of the treatment with ABVD alone in patients with limited stage (HL1) and intermediate stage (HL2) disease and of an intensified etoposide-free chemotherapy regimen for patients with advanced disease (HL3) including 18F-FDG-PET evaluation.
Detailed description
The aim in limited and intermediate stages is to reduce the toxicity by omitting the subsequent radiotherapy in patients with complete remission after ABVD chemotherapy. Patients with limited disease receive four cycles, patients with intermediate disease (according to the criteria of the German Hodgkin Study group, GHSG) receice six cycles of ABVD. In case of residual mass (> 1.5 cm), additional involved field irradiation is planned. The aim in advanced disease using BACOPP-D regimen which includes cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, dacarbazine, procarbazine, prednisolone, bleomycin and vincristine, is to reduce the hematological toxicity and the secondary leukemias by omitting etoposide (in comparison to the BEACOPP escalated regimen). All patients receive eight cycles of the BACOPP-D regimen. In case of residual mass (> 1.5 cm), additional involved field irradiation is planned. Additionally, we want to evaluate the CT- and PET-based remission status after chemotherapy and at final staging.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (23 listed)
- Histologically confirmed Hodgkin´s Lymphoma (WHO Classification 1999)
- Patients in stage: Clinical stage (CS) I without risk factors / CS II without risk factors
- Age between 16 and 75
- Written informed consent
- Histologically confirmed Hodgkin´s Lymphoma (WHO Classification 1999)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Poor general condition not related to the lymphoma (ECOG perfomance status 3 or 4; Karnofsky Index < 50 %)
- Severe concomitant diseases: cardiac insufficiency (NYHA grade III or IV) / chronic respiratory insufficiency with hypoxemia / Hepatic insufficiency (cirrhosis, Hepatitis B or C / chronic renal insufficiency / HIV infection or other out-of-control infections / hematopoetic insufficiency (Leukocytes < 3000/µl; Thrombocytes < 100.000/µl / psychiatric diseases
- History of previous malignancy in the last 5 years
- Pregnancy
- Patients not likely to comply to the requirements stemming form the participation in the trial
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Combined chemotherapy (ABVD, BACOPP-D) | Drug | – |
| Radiation therapy | Procedure or surgery | – |
Primary outcome
- Feasibility and acute toxicity of the therapy
- The Free from Therapy Failure (FFTF) rate after one year
- Event-Free Survival (EFS) rate and overall survival rate
- Evaluation of the PET as a diagnostic tool for the primary tumor staging as well for assessment of the effects of the therapy
2 secondary outcomes
- Evaluation of the quality of life of the patients during and after the therapy
- Occurence of late toxicity after the end of the therapy
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Dec 2005.
- Background: PubMed 1383107Anselmo AP, Bove M, Cartoni C, Damico C, Maurizi Enrici R, Falchetto Osti M, Biagini C. Combined modality (ABVD plus radiotherapy) versus radiotherapy in the management of early stage (IIA) Hodgkin's disease with mediastinal involvement. Haematologica. 1992 Mar-Apr;77(2):177-9.
- Background: PubMed 1740677Biti GP, Cimino G, Cartoni C, Magrini SM, Anselmo AP, Enrici RM, Bellesi GP, Bosi A, Papa G, Giannarelli D, et al. Extended-field radiotherapy is superior to MOPP chemotherapy for the treatment of pathologic stage I-IIA Hodgkin's disease: eight-year update of an Italian prospective randomized study. J Clin Oncol. 1992 Mar;10(3):378-82. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.3.378.
- Background: PubMed 1383821Canellos GP, Anderson JR, Propert KJ, Nissen N, Cooper MR, Henderson ES, Green MR, Gottlieb A, Peterson BA. Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease with MOPP, ABVD, or MOPP alternating with ABVD. N Engl J Med. 1992 Nov 19;327(21):1478-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199211193272102.
- Background: PubMed 7693881Carde P, Hagenbeek A, Hayat M, Monconduit M, Thomas J, Burgers MJ, Noordijk EM, Tanguy A, Meerwaldt JH, Le Fur R, et al. Clinical staging versus laparotomy and combined modality with MOPP versus ABVD in early-stage Hodgkin's disease: the H6 twin randomized trials from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Nov;11(11):2258-72. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.11.2258.
- Background: PubMed 1389523Cosset JM, Henry-Amar M, Meerwaldt JH, Carde P, Noordijk EM, Thomas J, Burgers JM, Somers R, Hayat M, Tubiana M. The EORTC trials for limited stage Hodgkin's disease. The EORTC Lymphoma Cooperative Group. Eur J Cancer. 1992;28A(11):1847-50. doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(92)90018-w. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 9093722Diehl V, Sieber M, Ruffer U, Lathan B, Hasenclever D, Pfreundschuh M, Loeffler M, Lieberz D, Koch P, Adler M, Tesch H. BEACOPP: an intensified chemotherapy regimen in advanced Hodgkin's disease. The German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Ann Oncol. 1997 Feb;8(2):143-8. doi: 10.1023/a:1008294312741.
- Background: PubMed 7082756Fleming TR. One-sample multiple testing procedure for phase II clinical trials. Biometrics. 1982 Mar;38(1):143-51.
- Background: PubMed 14341275GEHAN EA. A GENERALIZED WILCOXON TEST FOR COMPARING ARBITRARILY SINGLY-CENSORED SAMPLES. Biometrika. 1965 Jun;52:203-23. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 9164180Horning SJ, Hoppe RT, Mason J, Brown BW, Hancock SL, Baer D, Rosenberg SA. Stanford-Kaiser Permanente G1 study for clinical stage I to IIA Hodgkin's disease: subtotal lymphoid irradiation versus vinblastine, methotrexate, and bleomycin chemotherapy and regional irradiation. J Clin Oncol. 1997 May;15(5):1736-44. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.5.1736.
- Background: PubMed 2033427Longo DL, Glatstein E, Duffey PL, Young RC, Hubbard SM, Urba WJ, Wesley MN, Raubitschek A, Jaffe ES, Wiernik PH, et al. Radiation therapy versus combination chemotherapy in the treatment of early-stage Hodgkin's disease: seven-year results of a prospective randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 1991 Jun;9(6):906-17. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.6.906.
- Background: PubMed 831755Peto R, Pike MC, Armitage P, Breslow NE, Cox DR, Howard SV, Mantel N, McPherson K, Peto J, Smith PG. Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. II. analysis and examples. Br J Cancer. 1977 Jan;35(1):1-39. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1977.1.
- Background: PubMed 9373210Ruiz-Arguelles GJ, Gomez-Almaguer D, Apreza-Molina MG. Chemotherapy alone may be an efficient alternative in the treatment of early stage Hodgkin's disease if optimal radiotherapy is not available. Leuk Lymphoma. 1997 Sep;27(1-2):179-83. doi: 10.3109/10428199709068285.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ralph Naumann, MD principal investigator
University Clinic "Carl Gustav Carus" Dresden
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Combined chemotherapy (ABVD, BACOPP-D) and Radiation therapy in people with Hodgkin Disease, run by University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at 1 site in Germany.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 23 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Dec 2005. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Germany. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Ralph Naumann, MD (458-3855 ext. +49 351, Ralph.Naumann@uniklinikum-dresden.de), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
- Feasibility and acute toxicity of the therapy. The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00188149, which also lists 16 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Dec 2005.