AzTrials
AzTrials

TrachomaPhase 4TEFNCT00221364

Trachoma Elimination Follow-up

A Phase 4 study testing Mass treatment with oral azithromycin to an entire village in people with Trachoma and Chlamydia, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in Ethiopia.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

The WHO has initiated a program to eliminate blinding trachoma by the year 2020, in large part by mass oral azithromycin distributions. It is not clear how frequently or for how long these treatments are necessary. Here we assess the frequency and duration of treatment. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 1 year and older
Conditions the study is for
Trachoma, Chlamydia
What is being tested?
Mass treatment with oral azithromycin to an entire village
Type of treatment
Pill or oral medicine
How many people
20,000 participants
Where
1 siteEthiopia
Study dates
Mar 2003to Apr 2005
Phase
Phase 4
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 1 year and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Age 1 to 5 years old in a village in the Gurage zone with endemic trachoma

Who cannot join

  • Refusal of village chief (for village inclusion), or refusal of parent or guardian (for individual inclusion)

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Ethiopia1 site

  • ORBIS-Ethiopia

    Addis Ababa

Other trials in Ethiopia

About this study

Official title: Trachoma Elimination With Repeated Mass Azithromycin Treatments

The WHO has initiated a program to eliminate blinding trachoma by the year 2020, in large part by mass oral azithromycin distributions. It is not clear how frequently or for how long these treatments are necessary. Here we assess the frequency and duration of treatment.

Read the detailed description

40 villages in the Gurage Zone of Ethiopia were randomly assigned to biannual treatment, annual treatment, and a single treatment. Each treatment consisted of a single dose of oral azithromycin to the entire population over the age of 1 year (when the study was started, azithromycin had not yet been approved for ages below 1 year). We assess the prevalence the ocular chlamydia that causes trachoma in the peak prevalence age of 1-5 years at baseline, and 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post treatment. An extension of the study monitors infection at 30 and 36 months post treatment. Untreated villages from the same area are enrolled in a step-wedge design to assess the presence of a secular trend. A random sample of those not within the 1-5 year old age group are examined to assess the prevalence of infection in the entire community.

Conditions
Trachoma, Chlamydia
Being tested
Mass treatment with oral azithromycin to an entire village
Keywords
Trachoma, Chlamydia, Azithromycin
Medical subject headings
Trachoma, Chlamydia Infections

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Mass treatment with oral azithromycin to an entire villageDrug

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. The prevalence of ocular chlamydia infection in a village as determined by PCR

Secondary outcomes (1)

  1. Clinical active trachoma, as determined by the WHO simplified grading system, by village

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted22 Sep 2005 (estimated)
  2. Study startMar 2003
  3. Primary completionApr 2005
  4. Study completionApr 2005

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
Single blind
Enrolment
20,000 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT00221364
Sponsor's protocol ID
10-02630
Acronym
TEF
Status last verified
Jul 2015
First submitted
14 Sep 2005
Last updated
15 Jul 2015
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • Melese M, Chidambaram JD, Alemayehu W, Lee DC, Yi EH, Cevallos V, Zhou Z, Donnellan C, Saidel M, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Feasibility of eliminating ocular Chlamydia trachomatis with repeat mass antibiotic treatments. JAMA. 2004 Aug 11;292(6):721-5. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.6.721.

    PubMed 15304470

  • Chidambaram JD, Melese M, Alemayehu W, Yi E, Prabriputaloong T, Lee DC, Cevallos V, Zhou Z, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Mass antibiotic treatment and community protection in trachoma control programs. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 1;39(9):e95-7. doi: 10.1086/424747. Epub 2004 Oct 6.

    PubMed 15494901

  • Ray KJ, Porco TC, Hong KC, Lee DC, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Lakew T, Yi E, House J, Chidambaram JD, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. A rationale for continuing mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma. BMC Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 7;7:91. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-7-91.

    PubMed 17683646

  • Lee S, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Lakew T, Lee D, Yi E, Cevallos V, Donnellan C, Zhou Z, Chidambaram JD, Gaynor BD, Whitcher JP, Lietman TM. Chlamydia on children and flies after mass antibiotic treatment for trachoma. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Jan;76(1):129-31.

    PubMed 17255240

  • Chidambaram JD, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Lakew T, Yi E, House J, Cevallos V, Zhou Z, Maxey K, Lee DC, Shapiro BL, Srinivasan M, Porco T, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Effect of a single mass antibiotic distribution on the prevalence of infectious trachoma. JAMA. 2006 Mar 8;295(10):1142-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.10.1142.

    PubMed 16522834

  • Haug S, Lakew T, Habtemariam G, Alemayehu W, Cevallos V, Zhou Z, House J, Ray K, Porco T, Rutar T, Keenan J, Lietman TM, Gaynor BD. The decline of pneumococcal resistance after cessation of mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Sep 1;51(5):571-4. doi: 10.1086/655697.

    PubMed 20649409

  • Shah NA, House J, Lakew T, Alemayehu W, Halfpenny C, Hong KC, Keenan JD, Porco TC, Whitcher JP, Lietman TM, Gaynor BD. Travel and implications for the elimination of trachoma in ethiopia. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2010 Mar;17(2):113-7. doi: 10.3109/09286581003624921.

    PubMed 20302432

  • Keenan JD, Lakew T, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Porco TC, Yi E, House JI, Zhou Z, Ray KJ, Acharya NR, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Clinical activity and polymerase chain reaction evidence of chlamydial infection after repeated mass antibiotic treatments for trachoma. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Mar;82(3):482-7. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0315.

    PubMed 20207878

  • Biebesheimer JB, House J, Hong KC, Lakew T, Alemayehu W, Zhou Z, Moncada J, Roger A, Keenan J, Gaynor BD, Schachter J, Lietman TM. Complete local elimination of infectious trachoma from severely affected communities after six biannual mass azithromycin distributions. Ophthalmology. 2009 Nov;116(11):2047-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.04.041. Epub 2009 Sep 10.

    PubMed 19744717

  • Lakew T, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Yi E, House JI, Hong KC, Zhou Z, Ray KJ, Porco TC, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM, Keenan JD. Importance of coverage and endemicity on the return of infectious trachoma after a single mass antibiotic distribution. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009 Aug 25;3(8):e507. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000507.

    PubMed 19707573

  • Lakew T, House J, Hong KC, Yi E, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Zhou Z, Ray K, Chin S, Romero E, Keenan J, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Reduction and return of infectious trachoma in severely affected communities in Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3(2):e376. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000376. Epub 2009 Feb 3.

    PubMed 19190781

  • Hong KC, Schachter J, Moncada J, Zhou Z, House J, Lietman TM. Lack of macrolide resistance in Chlamydia trachomatis after mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Jul;15(7):1088-90. doi: 10.3201/eid1507.081563.

    PubMed 19624926

  • Yang JL, Hong KC, Schachter J, Moncada J, Lekew T, House JI, Zhou Z, Neuwelt MD, Rutar T, Halfpenny C, Shah N, Whitcher JP, Lietman TM. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis ocular infection in trachoma-endemic communities by rRNA amplification. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Jan;50(1):90-4. doi: 10.1167/iovs.08-2247. Epub 2008 Aug 8.

    PubMed 18689701

  • Melese M, Alemayehu W, Lakew T, Yi E, House J, Chidambaram JD, Zhou Z, Cevallos V, Ray K, Hong KC, Porco TC, Phan I, Zaidi A, Gaynor BD, Whitcher JP, Lietman TM. Comparison of annual and biannual mass antibiotic administration for elimination of infectious trachoma. JAMA. 2008 Feb 20;299(7):778-84. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.7.778.

    PubMed 18285589

  • Gill DA, Lakew T, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Zhou Z, House JI, Hong KC, Ray KJ, Gandhi N, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Complete elimination is a difficult goal for trachoma programs in severely affected communities. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Feb 15;46(4):564-6. doi: 10.1086/526777.

    PubMed 18194094

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 4 study testing Mass treatment with oral azithromycin to an entire village in people with Trachoma and Chlamydia, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in Ethiopia.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jul 2015. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Ethiopia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

The prevalence of ocular chlamydia infection in a village as determined by PCR. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00221364, which also lists 18 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jul 2015.

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