Alcohol AbusePhase 2PRIDE-PNCT00227903
Therapeutic Substance Abuse Treatment in Pregnancy - 1
A Phase 2 study testing MI-CBT and Brief Advice in people with Alcohol Abuse and Cocaine Abuse, run by Yale University at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is... To assess whether a behavioral treatment that combines motivational enhancement and cognitive skills training therapy (MET-CBT) is more effective than brief advice in: 1) decreasing use of a full range of psychoactive substances (e.g. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 45 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Alcohol Abuse, Cocaine Abuse, Marijuana Abuse
- What is being tested?
- MI-CBT and Brief Advice
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 168 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Sep 2004to Aug 2010
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 45 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Pregnant women, age 16 or older, alcohol or illicit drug use in the past 30 days -
Who cannot join
- Nonfluent in English or Spanish, pending incarceration, psychotic, cognitively unable to give informed consent, actively suicidal or homicidal, already engaged in addictions treatment, primarily addicted to nicotine or heroin.
- -
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
United States2 sites
Bridgeport Hospital
Bridgeport, Connecticut, 06106
Yale-New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut, 06510
About this study
Official title: Psychosocial Research to Improve Drug Treatment in Pregnancy (PRIDE-P)
The purpose of this study is... To assess whether a behavioral treatment that combines motivational enhancement and cognitive skills training therapy (MET-CBT) is more effective than brief advice in: 1) decreasing use of a full range of psychoactive substances (e.g. marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamines, alcohol, nicotine, opioids) in pregnant substance using and dependent women; 2) decreasing HIV risk behavior; 3) improving birth outcomes (longer gestations and greater birth weight).
Read the detailed description
We propose an integrated system of counseling services onsite in primary care obstetrical clinics, comparing a manualized brief advice (closely approximating "treatment as usual") to manualized motivationally enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy. Treatment providers are obstetrical nurses. Therapy patients are taught skill sets designed to enhance motivation to abstain from drugs of abuse, as well as designed to prevent relapse during the perinatal period. It is our hypothesis that therapy patients will be more successful at achieving stated study aims than those receiving brief advice.
- Conditions
- Alcohol Abuse, Cocaine Abuse, Marijuana Abuse
- Being tested
- MI-CBT, Brief Advice
- Medical subject headings
- Alcoholism, Cocaine-Related Disorders, Marijuana Abuse
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
MI-CBTBehavioural
Motivationally-enhanced cognitive behavioral skills counseling
Brief AdviceBehavioural
Advice and education
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| MI-CBT | Experimental | Motivationally-enhanced cognitive behavioral skills counseling Receives: Behavioral: MI-CBT |
| Brief Advice | Active comparator | Advice and education Receives: Behavioral: Brief Advice |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Percentage of Days Used Drugs or Alcohol
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Percentage of Days Used Drugs or Alcohol
Measured: delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Percentage of Days That Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Used Drugs or Alcohol
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Percentage of Days That Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Used Drugs or Alcohol
Measured: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Percentage of Days That Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Used Drugs or Alcohol
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Percentage of Days That Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Used Drugs or Alcohol
Measured: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Secondary outcomes (20)
Incidence of Preterm Births
Measured: At delivery
Incidence of Low Birth Weight
Measured: At delivery
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Measured: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Drugs (i.e., Marijuana, Cocaine or Opioids) According to Urine
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Drugs According to Urine
Based on urine tests for marijuana, cocaine, or opioids
Measured: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Based on urine tests for marijuana, cocaine or opioids.
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Based on urine tests for marijuana, cocaine, or opioids.
Measured: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Measured: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Measured: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Drugs According to Urine
Based on urine tests for marijuana, cocaine or opioids.
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Drugs According to Urine
Based on urine tests for marijuana, cocaine or opioids.
Measured: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Drugs According to Urine
Based on urine tests for marijuana, cocaine or opioids.
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Drugs According to Urine
Based on urine tests for marijuana, cocaine or opioids.
Measured: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Based on urine tests for marijuana, cocaine or opioids.
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Based on urine tests for marijuana, cocaine or opioids
Measured: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Based on urine tests for marijuana, cocaine or opioids
Measured: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Based on urine tests for marijuana, cocaine or opioids
Measured: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Sep 2005 (estimated)
- Study startSep 2004
- Primary completionAug 2010
- Study completionAug 2010
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Alcohol AbuseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Yale UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 168 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Yale University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Kimberly A Yonkers, M.D., Principal investigator, Yale University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00227903
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 0402026466
- Other IDs
- R01DA019135
- Acronym
- PRIDE-P
- Status last verified
- Apr 2020
- First submitted
- 27 Sep 2005
- Last updated
- 15 Apr 2020
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No: only aggregate de-identified data
Publications
Yonkers KA, Howell HB, Allen AE, Ball SA, Pantalon MV, Rounsaville BJ. A treatment for substance abusing pregnant women. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2009 Aug;12(4):221-7. doi: 10.1007/s00737-009-0069-2. Epub 2009 Apr 7.
PubMed 19350369Hine CE, Howell HB, Yonkers KA. Integration of medical and psychological treatment within the primary health care setting. Soc Work Health Care. 2008;47(2):122-34. doi: 10.1080/00981380801970244.
PubMed 18956504Yonkers KA, Gotman N, Kershaw T, Forray A, Howell HB, Rounsaville BJ. Screening for prenatal substance use: development of the Substance Use Risk Profile-Pregnancy scale. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Oct;116(4):827-833. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181ed8290.
PubMed 20859145Quesada O, Gotman N, Howell HB, Funai EF, Rounsaville BJ, Yonkers KA. Prenatal hazardous substance use and adverse birth outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Aug;25(8):1222-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2011.602143. Epub 2012 May 11.
PubMed 22489543Yonkers KA, Forray A, Howell HB, Gotman N, Kershaw T, Rounsaville BJ, Carroll KM. Motivational enhancement therapy coupled with cognitive behavioral therapy versus brief advice: a randomized trial for treatment of hazardous substance use in pregnancy and after delivery. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2012 Sep-Oct;34(5):439-49. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.06.002. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
PubMed 22795046Xu X, Yonkers KA, Ruger JP. Economic evaluation of a behavioral intervention versus brief advice for substance use treatment in pregnant women: results from a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017 Mar 7;17(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1260-5.
PubMed 28270105Forray A, Gotman N, Kershaw T, Yonkers KA. Perinatal smoking and depression in women with concurrent substance use. Addict Behav. 2014 Apr;39(4):749-56. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.12.008. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
PubMed 24447885
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Apr 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Psychosocial Research to Improve Drug Treatment in Pregnancy (PRIDE-P)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00227903
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PRIDE-P / 0402026466
- Conditions
- Alcohol Abuse, Cocaine Abuse, Marijuana Abuse
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 168 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Yale UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- Study start
- Sep 2004
- Primary completion
- Aug 2010 (actual)
- Study completion
- Aug 2010 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Sep 2005 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 21 Aug 2013
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is... To assess whether a behavioral treatment that combines motivational enhancement and cognitive skills training therapy (MET-CBT) is more effective than brief advice in: 1) decreasing use of a full range of psychoactive substances (e.g. marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamines, alcohol, nicotine, opioids) in pregnant substance using and dependent women; 2) decreasing HIV risk behavior; 3) improving birth outcomes (longer gestations and greater birth weight).
Detailed description
We propose an integrated system of counseling services onsite in primary care obstetrical clinics, comparing a manualized brief advice (closely approximating "treatment as usual") to manualized motivationally enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy. Treatment providers are obstetrical nurses. Therapy patients are taught skill sets designed to enhance motivation to abstain from drugs of abuse, as well as designed to prevent relapse during the perinatal period. It is our hypothesis that therapy patients will be more successful at achieving stated study aims than those receiving brief advice.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| MI-CBT | Experimental | Behavioral: MI-CBTMotivationally-enhanced cognitive behavioral skills counseling |
| Brief Advice | Active comparator | Behavioral: Brief AdviceAdvice and education |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 45 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Pregnant women, age 16 or older, alcohol or illicit drug use in the past 30 days -
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Nonfluent in English or Spanish, pending incarceration, psychotic, cognitively unable to give informed consent, actively suicidal or homicidal, already engaged in addictions treatment, primarily addicted to nicotine or heroin.
- -
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| MI-CBTMotivationally-enhanced cognitive behavioral skills counseling | Behavioural | MI-CBT |
| Brief AdviceAdvice and education | Behavioural | Brief Advice |
Primary outcome
Percentage of Days Used Drugs or Alcohol
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Percentage of Days Used Drugs or Alcohol
Time frame: delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Percentage of Days That Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Used Drugs or Alcohol
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Percentage of Days That Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Used Drugs or Alcohol
Time frame: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Percentage of Days That Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Used Drugs or Alcohol
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Percentage of Days That Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Used Drugs or Alcohol
Time frame: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
20 secondary outcomes
Incidence of Preterm Births
Time frame: At delivery
Incidence of Low Birth Weight
Time frame: At delivery
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Time frame: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Drugs (i.e., Marijuana, Cocaine or Opioids) According to Urine
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Drugs According to Urine
Time frame: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Time frame: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Time frame: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol (28 Days Prior to Assessment) According to Self-report
Time frame: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Drugs According to Urine
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Drugs According to Urine
Time frame: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Drugs According to Urine
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Drugs According to Urine
Time frame: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (Without a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Time frame: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks
Proportion of Participants (With a Baseline Diagnosis of Drug Abuse or Dependence) Abstinent From Both Drugs and Alcohol According to Combined Self-report and Urine
Time frame: Delivery to 3 months post-delivery
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Apr 2020.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 19350369Yonkers KA, Howell HB, Allen AE, Ball SA, Pantalon MV, Rounsaville BJ. A treatment for substance abusing pregnant women. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2009 Aug;12(4):221-7. doi: 10.1007/s00737-009-0069-2. Epub 2009 Apr 7.
- Background: PubMed 18956504Hine CE, Howell HB, Yonkers KA. Integration of medical and psychological treatment within the primary health care setting. Soc Work Health Care. 2008;47(2):122-34. doi: 10.1080/00981380801970244.
- Background: PubMed 20859145Yonkers KA, Gotman N, Kershaw T, Forray A, Howell HB, Rounsaville BJ. Screening for prenatal substance use: development of the Substance Use Risk Profile-Pregnancy scale. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Oct;116(4):827-833. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181ed8290.
- Background: PubMed 22489543Quesada O, Gotman N, Howell HB, Funai EF, Rounsaville BJ, Yonkers KA. Prenatal hazardous substance use and adverse birth outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Aug;25(8):1222-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2011.602143. Epub 2012 May 11.
- Results publication: PubMed 22795046Yonkers KA, Forray A, Howell HB, Gotman N, Kershaw T, Rounsaville BJ, Carroll KM. Motivational enhancement therapy coupled with cognitive behavioral therapy versus brief advice: a randomized trial for treatment of hazardous substance use in pregnancy and after delivery. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2012 Sep-Oct;34(5):439-49. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.06.002. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28270105Xu X, Yonkers KA, Ruger JP. Economic evaluation of a behavioral intervention versus brief advice for substance use treatment in pregnant women: results from a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017 Mar 7;17(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1260-5.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 24447885Forray A, Gotman N, Kershaw T, Yonkers KA. Perinatal smoking and depression in women with concurrent substance use. Addict Behav. 2014 Apr;39(4):749-56. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.12.008. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. only aggregate de-identified data
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Kimberly A Yonkers, M.D. principal investigator
Yale University
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing MI-CBT and Brief Advice in people with Alcohol Abuse and Cocaine Abuse, run by Yale University at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Apr 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 21 Aug 2013). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Percentage of Days Used Drugs or Alcohol (time frame: intake to delivery, an average of 21 weeks). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00227903, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Apr 2020.