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InfluenzaPhase 2NCT00298233

High-Dose Versus Standard-Dose Oseltamivir to Treat Severe Influenza and Avian Influenza

A Phase 2 study testing Oseltamivir in people with Influenza and Avian Influenza, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 12 sites in 3 countries.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Influenza, also known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. The illness can range in severity, from mild to severe to even death, and it causes an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 deaths worldwide each year. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 1 year and older
Conditions the study is for
Influenza, Avian Influenza, Severe Influenza
What is being tested?
Oseltamivir
Type of treatment
Pill or oral medicine
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
326 participants
Where
12 sitesin 3 countries
Study dates
Feb 2006to Jan 2010
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 1 year and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • At least one of the following respiratory symptoms: cough, dyspnea, sore throat
  • Evidence of severe influenza or avian influenza, as defined below
  • Severe influenza infection criteria:
  • Need for hospitalization
  • One of the following:
  • New infiltrate on chest x-ray (or any infiltrate if no prior chest x-ray or not known)
Show all 14Show fewer
  • Severe tachypnea (more information on this criterion can be found in the protocol)
  • Severe dyspnea
  • Arterial oxygen saturation of 92% or less on room air by trans-cutaneous method
  • Positive diagnostic testing for influenza, as defined by either rapid influenza antigen (Ag) positive (A or B) or qualitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive for any influenza
  • Illness (defined by onset of fever, respiratory symptoms, or constitutional symptoms) began within 10 days before study enrollment
  • Avian influenza infection criteria:
  • Nasal wash, nasopharyngeal aspirate, endotracheal aspirate, nasal swab, or throat swab that is RT-PCR positive influenza for H5 influenza
  • Illness (defined by onset of fever, respiratory symptoms, or constitutional symptoms) began within 14 days before study enrollment

Who cannot join

  • Received more than 72 hours of oseltamivir (six doses) within 14 days
  • Received oseltamivir at higher than standard doses within the last 14 days or during current acute illness, whichever is longer
  • History of allergy or severe intolerance of oseltamivir, as determined by the investigator
  • Alternate explanation for the clinical findings, as determined by the investigator and with the information immediately available
  • Creatine clearance less than 10 ml/minute
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding

Trial locations and contacts

12 sites in 3 countries.

12 sites in 3 countries

Vietnam5 sites
  • National Hospital of Pediatrics

    Hanoi

  • National Institute fof Infectious and Tropical Diseases

    Hanoi

  • Children's Hospital #1

    Ho Chi Minh City

  • Hospital for Tropical Diseases

    Ho Chi Minh City

  • Pediatric Hospital #2

    Ho Chi Minh City

Other trials in Vietnam

Thailand4 sites
  • Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health

    Bangkok

  • Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University

    Bangkok

  • Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Institute

    Nonthaburi

  • Chest Disease Institute

    Nonthaburi

Other trials in Thailand

Singapore3 sites
  • Changi General Hospital

    Singapore

  • National University Hospital, National University of Singapore

    Singapore

  • Tan Tock Seng Hospital

    Singapore

Other trials in Singapore

About this study

Official title: High-Dose Versus Standard-Dose Oseltamivir for the Treatment of Severe Influenza and Avian Influenza: A Phase II Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial

Influenza, also known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. The illness can range in severity, from mild to severe to even death, and it causes an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 deaths worldwide each year. In the last several years, there have been increasing numbers of human cases of avian influenza, or bird flu. This trend may pose a threat of a future pandemic--worldwide outbreak of disease--with an avian influenza virus that can easily spread from person to person. Oseltamivir is an antiviral medication that is used to treat people with uncomplicated human influenza, and it may be effective in treating people with either severe human influenza or avian influenza. The purpose of this international study is to compare standard-dose oseltamivir versus high-dose oseltamivir for treating people who are hospitalized with severe human influenza or avian influenza.

Read the detailed description

Two main types of influenza virus--Types A and B--are responsible for the seasonal flu epidemics that occur each year. The influenza A viruses can be broken down into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). The A subtypes usually found in humans are H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. Other A subtypes are found primarily in animals. For example, the "avian influenza virus" refers to an influenza A virus that is found chiefly in birds.

Although avian influenza does not usually affect humans, increasing numbers of cases of human infection from avian influenza virus H5N1 have been reported in the last several years. Because all influenza viruses have the ability to modify, there is concern that this trend of increasing cases may pose a threat of a future pandemic with a new H5N1 virus that could spread easily from person to person.

The H5N1 virus that has caused human infection in Asia is resistant to amantadine and rimantadine, two antiviral medications commonly used for treating people with influenza. Another antiviral medication, oseltamivir, is currently used to treat people with uncomplicated human influenza. The purpose of this study is to compare standard-dose oseltamivir and high-does oseltamivir for treating people who are hospitalized with severe human influenza or avian influenza. The study will also attempt to identify how severe human influenza and avian influenza differ in the following factors: clinical manifestation, relationship between antiviral plasma concentrations and viral dynamics, and pathogenesis.

Upon meeting certain screening criteria, participants will be randomly assigned to receive oseltamivir either at a standard-dose level (75 mg twice daily orally or equivalent dose adjusted for age, weight, and kidney function) or at a high-dose level (150 mg twice daily orally or equivalent dose adjusted for age, weight, and kidney function). Treatment will continue for 5 days, after which participants who meet clinical failure criteria will continue their assigned treatment for an additional 5 days. It is anticipated that participants will remain hospitalized through the course of treatment. On Day 0, which marks the first day of hospitalization, participants will undergo a medical review, physical examination, blood sampling, nasal swab, throat swab, anal swab, and chest x-ray. An endotracheal aspirate procedure and urine sampling may also be performed. During the hospital stay, most of the above procedures will be repeated regularly, and additional samples of lung fluid, cerebral spinal fluid, and pleural fluid may be obtained. On Day 5 and possibly on Day 10, participants will undergo a follow-up x-ray. If applicable, participants will attend outpatient study visits on Days 10, 14, and 28 for further evaluation; participants with avian influenza will also attend visits on Days 56 and 180.

Being tested
Oseltamivir
Keywords
Antibody Response, Antiviral Efficacy, Bird Flu, Severe Respiratory Distress, Viral Replication and Shedding
Medical subject headings
Influenza, Human, Influenza in Birds, Dyspnea

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • OseltamivirDrug

    Also called Tamiflu

    Oseltamivir is a sialic acid analogue that potently and specifically inhibits the viral neuraminidases by competitively and reversibly interacting with the active enzyme site of influenza A and B viruses. Oseltamivir will be administered orally in standard formulations (capsules for adults and children at least 15 years of age; suspension for children younger than 15 years).

Study groups in NCT00298233
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Standard Dose oseltamivir adult cohortActive comparatorAll participants >= 15 years will receive standard-dose oseltamivir (75 mg twice daily orally or equivalent dose adjusted for age, weight, and kidney function) for 5 to 10 days.
Receives: Drug: Oseltamivir
Double Dose oseltamivir Adult cohortActive comparatorAll participants >= 15 years will receive high-dose oseltamivir (150 mg twice daily orally or equivalent dose adjusted for age, weight, and kidney function) for 5 to 10 days.
Receives: Drug: Oseltamivir
Standard Dose Oseltamivir child cohortActive comparatorAll participants <15 years will receive standard-dose oseltamivir (75 mg twice daily orally or equivalent dose adjusted for age, weight, and kidney function) for 5 to 10 days.
Receives: Drug: Oseltamivir
Double Dose Oseltamivir child cohortActive comparatorAll Participants <15 years will receive high-dose oseltamivir (150 mg twice daily orally or equivalent dose adjusted for age, weight, and kidney function) for 5 to 10 days.
Receives: Drug: Oseltamivir

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Proportion of All Participants Negative for Viral RNA on Day 5

    Proportion of all participants with no detectable viral RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a combined nasal and throat swab sample on day 5.

    Measured: After 5 days of treatment

Secondary outcomes (5)
  1. Participants Meeting Criteria for Day 5 Clinical Failure

    Proportion of participants that have clinical failure by day 5. Subjects that meet one of the following on Day 5 will be classified as a clinical failure:

    • Severe tachypnea (respiratory rate ≥ 30 for ages ≥12 years, rate ≥ 40 for ages 6 to 12 years, rate ≥45 for ages 3 to 6 years, rate ≥ 50 for ages 1 to 3 years)
    • Severe dyspnea (unable to speak full sentences, or use of accessory respiratory muscles)
    • Arterial oxygen saturation ≤92% on room air by trans-cutaneous method
    • Need for mechanical ventilation or intensive care unit (ICU) admission For the purpose of endpoint definition, death prior to or on Day 5 will also be considered a clinical failure at Day 5.

    Measured: After 5 days of treatment

  2. In-hospital Mortality Rates

    Standard therapy with oseltamivir is five days. Those patients with persistent symptoms on day five were continued on the randomized dose for an additional five days and assessments were performed up to day 10.

    Measured: After up to 10 days of treatment

  3. Median Time (Days) Receipt of Oxygen

    Measured: Throughout study, 14 days

  4. Median Time (Days) in ICU

    Measured: Throughout study, 14 days

  5. Median Time (Days) on Ventilation

    Use of mechanical ventilation at any time for subjects with severe influenza and avian influenza.

    Measured: Throughout study, 14 days

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted1 Mar 2006 (estimated)
  2. Study startFeb 2006
  3. Primary completionJan 2010
  4. Study completionJan 2010

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Triple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider, Investigator
Enrolment
326 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT00298233
Sponsor's protocol ID
SEA 001
Other IDs
N01A050042
Status last verified
May 2014
First submitted
1 Mar 2006
Last updated
6 Jun 2014
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis. 1995 Jan-Mar;1(1):7-15. doi: 10.3201/eid0101.950102.

    PubMed 8903148
  • Colman PM. Influenza virus neuraminidase: structure, antibodies, and inhibitors. Protein Sci. 1994 Oct;3(10):1687-96. doi: 10.1002/pro.5560031007.

    PubMed 7849585
  • de Jong MD, Bach VC, Phan TQ, Vo MH, Tran TT, Nguyen BH, Beld M, Le TP, Truong HK, Nguyen VV, Tran TH, Do QH, Farrar J. Fatal avian influenza A (H5N1) in a child presenting with diarrhea followed by coma. N Engl J Med. 2005 Feb 17;352(7):686-91. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa044307.

    PubMed 15716562
  • South East Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network. Effect of double dose oseltamivir on clinical and virological outcomes in children and adults admitted to hospital with severe influenza: double blind randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2013 May 30;346:f3039. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f3039.

    PubMed 23723457

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Oseltamivir in people with Influenza and Avian Influenza, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 12 sites in 3 countries.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 14 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Jun 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 12 sites in Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 22 May 2014). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Proportion of All Participants Negative for Viral RNA on Day 5 (time frame: After 5 days of treatment). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00298233, which also lists 4 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Jun 2014.

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