DietNCT00340743
Diet and Genetic Damage
An observational study of Diet, run by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study will examine the risks and protective effects of dietary factors on temporary genetic damage to cells lining the gastrointestinal tract and to blood cells. Some foods, including very well done meat, may increase genetic damage in cells, while others, such as yogurt and vegetables, may reduce genetic damage. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Diet
- How many people
- 16 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 21 Apr 2004to 16 Jul 2019
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Nonsmoking, English speaking, healthy adults, ages 18-45 will be enrolled.
Who cannot join
- Pregnant women will be excluded, as the dietary regimen in this study is not optimal for pregnant women.
- Individuals will also be excluded if they consume more than two alcoholic drinks per day, have a history of illicit drug use, have a history of goiter, diabetes, colitis, or a diagnosed current thyroid condition, are excessively obese (BMI greater than 30), are vegetarians, or are currently taking anti-coagulant medication.
- Individuals on prescription medications or antibiotics will be excluded.
- Consumption of tea, or use of aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or vitamin or herbal supplements by participants will also be prohibited during the study.
- Alcohol consumption will be prohibited during the study.
- Children will not be enrolled in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7030
About this study
Official title: Inhibition of Fried Meat-Induced DNA Damage: A Dietary Intervention Study
This study will examine the risks and protective effects of dietary factors on temporary genetic damage to cells lining the gastrointestinal tract and to blood cells. Some foods, including very well done meat, may increase genetic damage in cells, while others, such as yogurt and vegetables, may reduce genetic damage. This study may provide new information on the influence of diet on increasing or decreasing the risk of developing cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. The study is conducted at the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) of the University of North Carolina.
Nonsmoking, English-speaking, healthy adults between 18 and 45 years of age may be eligible for this 4-week study. Participants undergo the following tests and procedures:
- Interview: Participants complete questionnaires including information on their diets, habits, past and present health, and family histories.
- Diet: Participants adhere strictly to the diet provided by the dietician at the GCRC for all 4 weeks of the study. All meals are provided by the GCRC. All meals contain well-done meat and some contain yogurt, cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli and cabbage, and chlorophyllin tablets. Chlorophyllin is a compound in some foods that protects against genetic damage.
- Urine sampling: Participants collect a urine sample each morning except Saturday and Sunday.
- Stool sampling: Participants collect two stool samples during the study, one during the second week and another during the fourth week.
- Blood draw: About 2-1/2 tablespoons of blood are drawn once a week for research purposes. The blood is tested for the effects of eating foods in the different diets used in the study.
- Rectal biopsies: Four pinch biopsies, each about the size of a grain of rice, are taken from the rectum once a week for research purposes. For this procedure, forceps are inserted shallowly into the rectum to collect the tissue. The effects of the different diets on the colon cells are measured.
Read the detailed description
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Given the frequency of occurrence and the poor prognosis for many afflicted individuals, prevention of this disease has been a major public health priority for the past few decades. However evidence from epidemiological studies has yet to explain the tremendous excess risk in developed countries, a trend that has been tentatively attributed to lifestyle and dietary factors. In the past few years, the consumption of red meat in particular, and other meat products, has attracted considerable attention in epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies, with an increasing focus on a certain class of compounds found in cooked meat, heterocyclic amines. Heterocyclic amines are substances formed through pyrolysis of amino acids and creatine when meats are cooked at high temperature, particularly by pan-frying. Heterocyclic amine levels increase with cooking temperature, with the type and shape of the cooked piece of meat, with the degree of browning on the surface, and with the cooking method. In several epidemiological studies, including studies from Harvard, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), individuals with long-term exposure to heterocyclic amines in their diet had an increased risk of colorectal cancers and colorectal adenomas, respectively. However, not all studies of heterocyclic amines in humans have shown a positive association with colorectal cancer risk, and clear consensus regarding this association is lacking. Based on the implications from these epidemiological studies, researchers at NCI have recently conducted a series of controlled feeding studies aimed at relating short-term exposure to heterocyclic amines through fried meat consumption to transient changes in urine mutagenicity levels. These studies provide evidence that meat fried at high temperatures results in significant short-term increases in exposure to mutagens. However, whereas urine mutagenicity appears to be a good short-term measure of exposure to heterocyclic amines in the diet, it is unclear as to whether these compounds induce genetic damage in colonic epithelial cells in humans. Against this background, we propose conducting a feeding study that includes the examination of colon tissue for evidence of transient DNA damage detected in the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay following experimental intake of fried meat. This study will provide more direct evidence than previous studies as to whether genetic damage in colon epithelium and lymphocytes is related to dietary intake of heterocyclic amines. The use of the comet assay to detect the effects of diet on transient DNA damage is novel in this type of controlled feeding study, particularly with respect to monitoring effects of diet on colon epithelial cells. We will also monitor effects of fried meat ingestion on DNA damage in lymphocytes and detect changes in urinary mutagenicity related to these dietary regimens.
- Conditions
- Diet
- Keywords
- Heterocyclic Aminos, Cruciferous Vegetables, Yogurt, Chlorophyllin, Comet Assay, Diet, Healthy Volunteer
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
to determine if eating certain foods and other dietary constituents will ameliorate the short-term damaging effects associated with fried meat consumption.
Measured: Continuously
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Jun 2006 (estimated)
- Study start21 Apr 2004
- Study completion16 Jul 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DietStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jack Taylor, M.D., Principal investigator, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00340743
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 999904169
- Other IDs
- 04-E-N169
- Status last verified
- 16 Jul 2019
- First submitted
- 19 Jun 2006
- Last updated
- 18 Jul 2019
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Butler LM, Sinha R, Millikan RC, Martin CF, Newman B, Gammon MD, Ammerman AS, Sandler RS. Heterocyclic amines, meat intake, and association with colon cancer in a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Mar 1;157(5):434-45. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwf221.
PubMed 12615608Baker R, Arlauskas A, Bonin A, Angus D. Detection of mutagenic activity in human urine following fried pork or bacon meals. Cancer Lett. 1982 May-Jun;16(1):81-9. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(82)90094-5.
PubMed 6811131DeMarini DM, Hastings SB, Brooks LR, Eischen BT, Bell DA, Watson MA, Felton JS, Sandler R, Kohlmeier L. Pilot study of free and conjugated urinary mutagenicity during consumption of pan-fried meats: possible modulation by cruciferous vegetables, glutathione S-transferase-M1, and N-acetyltransferase-2. Mutat Res. 1997 Nov 19;381(1):83-96. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00152-8.
PubMed 9403034Shaughnessy DT, Gangarosa LM, Schliebe B, Umbach DM, Xu Z, MacIntosh B, Knize MG, Matthews PP, Swank AE, Sandler RS, DeMarini DM, Taylor JA. Inhibition of fried meat-induced colorectal DNA damage and altered systemic genotoxicity in humans by crucifera, chlorophyllin, and yogurt. PLoS One. 2011 Apr 25;6(4):e18707. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018707.
PubMed 21541030
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Jul 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Inhibition of Fried Meat-Induced DNA Damage: A Dietary Intervention Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00340743
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 999904169
- Conditions
- Diet
- Keywords
- Heterocyclic Aminos, Cruciferous Vegetables, Yogurt, Chlorophyllin, Comet Assay, Diet, Healthy Volunteer
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- 21 Apr 2004
- Study completion
- 16 Jul 2019
- First posted
- 21 Jun 2006 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will examine the risks and protective effects of dietary factors on temporary genetic damage to cells lining the gastrointestinal tract and to blood cells. Some foods, including very well done meat, may increase genetic damage in cells, while others, such as yogurt and vegetables, may reduce genetic damage. This study may provide new information on the influence of diet on increasing or decreasing the risk of developing cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. The study is conducted at the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) of the University of North Carolina.
Nonsmoking, English-speaking, healthy adults between 18 and 45 years of age may be eligible for this 4-week study. Participants undergo the following tests and procedures:
- Interview: Participants complete questionnaires including information on their diets, habits, past and present health, and family histories.
- Diet: Participants adhere strictly to the diet provided by the dietician at the GCRC for all 4 weeks of the study. All meals are provided by the GCRC. All meals contain well-done meat and some contain yogurt, cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli and cabbage, and chlorophyllin tablets. Chlorophyllin is a compound in some foods that protects against genetic damage.
- Urine sampling: Participants collect a urine sample each morning except Saturday and Sunday.
- Stool sampling: Participants collect two stool samples during the study, one during the second week and another during the fourth week.
- Blood draw: About 2-1/2 tablespoons of blood are drawn once a week for research purposes. The blood is tested for the effects of eating foods in the different diets used in the study.
- Rectal biopsies: Four pinch biopsies, each about the size of a grain of rice, are taken from the rectum once a week for research purposes. For this procedure, forceps are inserted shallowly into the rectum to collect the tissue. The effects of the different diets on the colon cells are measured.
Detailed description
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Given the frequency of occurrence and the poor prognosis for many afflicted individuals, prevention of this disease has been a major public health priority for the past few decades. However evidence from epidemiological studies has yet to explain the tremendous excess risk in developed countries, a trend that has been tentatively attributed to lifestyle and dietary factors. In the past few years, the consumption of red meat in particular, and other meat products, has attracted considerable attention in epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies, with an increasing focus on a certain class of compounds found in cooked meat, heterocyclic amines. Heterocyclic amines are substances formed through pyrolysis of amino acids and creatine when meats are cooked at high temperature, particularly by pan-frying. Heterocyclic amine levels increase with cooking temperature, with the type and shape of the cooked piece of meat, with the degree of browning on the surface, and with the cooking method. In several epidemiological studies, including studies from Harvard, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), individuals with long-term exposure to heterocyclic amines in their diet had an increased risk of colorectal cancers and colorectal adenomas, respectively. However, not all studies of heterocyclic amines in humans have shown a positive association with colorectal cancer risk, and clear consensus regarding this association is lacking. Based on the implications from these epidemiological studies, researchers at NCI have recently conducted a series of controlled feeding studies aimed at relating short-term exposure to heterocyclic amines through fried meat consumption to transient changes in urine mutagenicity levels. These studies provide evidence that meat fried at high temperatures results in significant short-term increases in exposure to mutagens. However, whereas urine mutagenicity appears to be a good short-term measure of exposure to heterocyclic amines in the diet, it is unclear as to whether these compounds induce genetic damage in colonic epithelial cells in humans. Against this background, we propose conducting a feeding study that includes the examination of colon tissue for evidence of transient DNA damage detected in the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay following experimental intake of fried meat. This study will provide more direct evidence than previous studies as to whether genetic damage in colon epithelium and lymphocytes is related to dietary intake of heterocyclic amines. The use of the comet assay to detect the effects of diet on transient DNA damage is novel in this type of controlled feeding study, particularly with respect to monitoring effects of diet on colon epithelial cells. We will also monitor effects of fried meat ingestion on DNA damage in lymphocytes and detect changes in urinary mutagenicity related to these dietary regimens.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Nonsmoking, English speaking, healthy adults, ages 18-45 will be enrolled.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Pregnant women will be excluded, as the dietary regimen in this study is not optimal for pregnant women.
- Individuals will also be excluded if they consume more than two alcoholic drinks per day, have a history of illicit drug use, have a history of goiter, diabetes, colitis, or a diagnosed current thyroid condition, are excessively obese (BMI greater than 30), are vegetarians, or are currently taking anti-coagulant medication.
- Individuals on prescription medications or antibiotics will be excluded.
- Consumption of tea, or use of aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or vitamin or herbal supplements by participants will also be prohibited during the study.
- Alcohol consumption will be prohibited during the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
to determine if eating certain foods and other dietary constituents will ameliorate the short-term damaging effects associated with fried meat consumption.
Time frame: Continuously
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Jul 2019.
- Background: PubMed 12615608Butler LM, Sinha R, Millikan RC, Martin CF, Newman B, Gammon MD, Ammerman AS, Sandler RS. Heterocyclic amines, meat intake, and association with colon cancer in a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Mar 1;157(5):434-45. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwf221.
- Background: PubMed 6811131Baker R, Arlauskas A, Bonin A, Angus D. Detection of mutagenic activity in human urine following fried pork or bacon meals. Cancer Lett. 1982 May-Jun;16(1):81-9. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(82)90094-5.
- Background: PubMed 9403034DeMarini DM, Hastings SB, Brooks LR, Eischen BT, Bell DA, Watson MA, Felton JS, Sandler R, Kohlmeier L. Pilot study of free and conjugated urinary mutagenicity during consumption of pan-fried meats: possible modulation by cruciferous vegetables, glutathione S-transferase-M1, and N-acetyltransferase-2. Mutat Res. 1997 Nov 19;381(1):83-96. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00152-8.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 21541030Shaughnessy DT, Gangarosa LM, Schliebe B, Umbach DM, Xu Z, MacIntosh B, Knize MG, Matthews PP, Swank AE, Sandler RS, DeMarini DM, Taylor JA. Inhibition of fried meat-induced colorectal DNA damage and altered systemic genotoxicity in humans by crucifera, chlorophyllin, and yogurt. PLoS One. 2011 Apr 25;6(4):e18707. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018707.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jack Taylor, M.D. principal investigator
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Diet, run by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Jul 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
to determine if eating certain foods and other dietary constituents will ameliorate the short-term damaging effects associated with fried meat consumption. (time frame: Continuously). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00340743, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Jul 2019.