Weight LossNCT00357344
Study of Effects From Gastric Bypass Weight Loss on Brain Tissue
An observational study of Weight Loss, run by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at 3 sites in United States.
Trial summary
This study will evaluate how large, intentional weight reduction affects the human brain and possible ways to reverse the changes associated with excess body weight. Subtle changes in some brain regions occur in people who are overweight. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Weight Loss
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 3 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 24 May 2006to 3 Oct 2008
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Ethnicity: Caucasian, due to the cross-sectional analysis, upon which the present longitudinal study is based, being made up of Caucasian subjects and the lack of normative data in other racial and ethnic groups
- Age 18-45 years, to minimize the confounding role of the well-known effects of aging on brain tissue composition. There is, in fact, compelling evidence from post mortem and in vivo studies that the brain shrinks with age. Neuropathological and CT and MRI morphometric studies indicated that aging predominantly and substantially affects the GM. In addition, deep WM lesions are seen on MRIs in approximately one-third of asymptomatic elderly subjects. Blood pressure also rises with increasing age and can affect brain morphology. Several studies provided evidence of specific patterns in the structural brain correlates of aging, not only globally, between GM and WM compartments, but also locally, within regions of the brain. Therefore, to limit the confounding effect of aging on brain tissue composition, which could theoretically overlap with and confound those of weight loss, the age limit for entering the study will be 45 years.
- BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m(2) for group 1 and less than 25 kg/m(2) for group 2.
- Weight less than or equal to 150 kg (maximum weight allowed on the MRI scanning tables by the manufacturers).
Who cannot join
- History or clinical manifestation of:
- Current smoking
- Type 2 diabetes (according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria (63))
- Endocrine disorders, such as Cushing's disease, pituitary disorders, and hypo- and hyperthyroidism
- Pulmonary disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that would limit ability to follow the protocol (investigator judgment) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; only subjects with mild or exercise-induced asthma on no medications or on beta-adrenergic agonists only (such as albuterol) will be allowed to enter the study
- Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and peripheral artery disease
Show all 19Show fewer
- Hypertension, as diagnosed and treated by an outside physician or by sitting blood pressure measurement, using an appropriate cuff, higher than 140/90 mmHg on two or more occasions
- Gastrointestinal disease, including inflammatory bowel diseases (e.g. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), malabsorption syndromes (e.g. celiac disease), gastric ulcer (active); only subjects with gastro-esophageal reflux will be allowed to enter the study
- Liver disease, including cirrhosis, active hepatitis B or C, and AST or ALT greater than or equal to 3x normal
- Renal disease, as defined by serum creatinine concentrations greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl and/or proteinuria greater than 300 mg/day (200 microgram/min)
- Central nervous system disease, including previous history of cerebrovascular accidents, dementia, and neurodegenerative disorders
- Cancer requiring treatment in the past five years, except for non-melanoma skin cancers or cancers that have clearly been cured or in the opinion of the investigator carry an excellent prognosis (e.g., Stage 1 cervical cancer)
- Conditions not specifically mentioned above may serve as criteria for exclusion at the discretion of the investigators
- Personal and/or family history of major psychiatric disorders based upon the DSM-IV (64), including depression, schizophrenia, and psychosis, which may affect brain tissue composition independent of obesity.
- Medications acting on the central nervous system and steroidal drugs within 2 months of the baseline study. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), proton pump inhibitors, and anti-acids will be allowed but discontinued 3 or more days before the admission.
- Alcohol and/or drug abuse (more than 3 drinks per day and use of drugs, such as amphetamines, cocaine, heroin, or marijuana).
- Contra-indications for MRI, including pacemakers and/or ferromagnetic implants and claustrophobia.
- Pregnancy or lactation.
- All subjects will be fully informed of the aim, nature, and risks of the study prior to giving written informed consent.
Trial locations and contacts
3 sites in 1 country.
United States3 sites
NIDDK, Phoenix
Phoenix, Arizona, 85014
Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center
Phoenix, Arizona
Mayo Clinic
Scottsdale, Arizona, 85259
About this study
Official title: Weight Changes and the Brain (Study of the Effects of a Large and Intentional Weight Loss Induced by Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Brain Tissue Composition of Obese Patients Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Voxel-Based Morphometry)
This study will evaluate how large, intentional weight reduction affects the human brain and possible ways to reverse the changes associated with excess body weight. Subtle changes in some brain regions occur in people who are overweight. Such changes may involve the regulation of eating behavior, though it is not clear whether the changes were present before weight gain or are a consequence. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will be used to study local structures of the brain.
Patients ages 18 to 45 who are undergoing gastric bypass surgery and who are not pregnant or breastfeeding may be eligible for this study. A study group of lean participants will serve as controls. Patients will visit the Phoenix Indian Medical Center for about 3 days at a time for tests. They will have a medical examination, electrocardiogram, and tests of blood and urine. Questionnaires they will complete involve patients' moods and possible influence on eating behaviors, as well as food preferences. A taste test, smell test, and assessment of decision-making processes will be conducted. An oral glucose tolerance test involves a needle placed intravenously (IV) in the arm, for drawing blood after patients drink a sugar solution. The test takes about 3-1/2 hours, with six blood samples taken (about 2 tablespoons total). A meal test also includes use of an IV line. After patients consume a liquid meal, blood will be collected to analyze levels of blood sugar and hormones. For the DEXA scan, which measures body composition, patients will lie still while low-dose X-rays are used for 5 to 10 minutes. Urine will be collected for 1 whole day, to measure cortisol, a hormone. The MRI scan uses a strong magnetic field to obtain images of body organs and tissues. Patients having any metal in the body that may interfere with the scanning machine should not have this test. For the MRI procedure, patients will lie on a table that slides into the enclosed tunnel of the scanner and be asked to lie still. Patients will be able to communicate with the MRI staff at all times during the scan, and they may ask to be removed from the machine at any time.
Read the detailed description
BACKGROUND: We have identified subtle changes in some brain regions of obese subjects by using a new computerized technique (voxel-based morphometry, VBM) which allows for studying the local structure of the brain by taking very detailed pictures of the brain through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and then processing these images with sophisticated statistical software. Some of these regions may interfere with an obese person's ability to predict future consequences of his or her eating behaviors. These changes may explain why people have difficulty losing weight. However, it is not clear whether these changes in the brain are present before or are a consequence of weight gain.
OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study will be to evaluate the effects of a large and intentional weight reduction on the brains of obese individuals for assessing the possible reversal of the changes associated with excess body weight. Additional objectives will be a) to determine the possible behavioral correlates of the changes in brain tissue composition associated with a large and intentional weight reduction and b) to confirm the results of our previous exploratory analysis showing that human obesity is associated with changes in brain structure in areas related to the regulation of eating behavior.
DESIGN: This is a longitudinal protocol mainly focused on obese patients undergoing roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), which represents the most effective approach currently available to achieving substantial weight loss, thus maximizing our chances of detecting significant changes in brain tissue composition. Therefore, we propose to study brain morphology and the metabolic and behavioral characteristics of 40 obese patients undergoing RYGBP prior to and 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 months after the surgery. Forty lean subjects (at 0, 12, 24, and 48 months) will also be studied for comparison.
OUTCOME MEASURES: The volumes of the different components of the brain by VBM of MRI pictures; metabolic parameters relevant to the relationship between obesity and the brain by measuring fasting concentrations and postprandial responses of some metabolites; the ability to regulate reward and behavior by specific tasks and questionnaires; the ability to detect and discriminate smells by olfaction tests.
- Conditions
- Weight Loss
- Keywords
- Obesity, Gray Matter, Eating Behavior, Brain MRI, Body Weight Regulation
- Medical subject headings
- Weight Loss, Obesity, Feeding Behavior
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Jul 2006 (estimated)
- Study start24 May 2006
- Study completion3 Oct 2008
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Weight LossStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Enrolment
- 80 participants
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00357344
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 999906173
- Other IDs
- 06-DK-N173
- Status last verified
- 3 Oct 2008
- First submitted
- 26 Jul 2006
- Last updated
- 2 Jul 2017
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1723-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.14.1723.
PubMed 12365955Gustafson D, Rothenberg E, Blennow K, Steen B, Skoog I. An 18-year follow-up of overweight and risk of Alzheimer disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jul 14;163(13):1524-8. doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.13.1524.
PubMed 12860573Gustafson D, Lissner L, Bengtsson C, Bjorkelund C, Skoog I. A 24-year follow-up of body mass index and cerebral atrophy. Neurology. 2004 Nov 23;63(10):1876-81. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000141850.47773.5f.
PubMed 15557505
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Jul 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Weight Changes and the Brain (Study of the Effects of a Large and Intentional Weight Loss Induced by Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Brain Tissue Composition of Obese Patients Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Voxel-Based Morphometry)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00357344
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 999906173
- Conditions
- Weight Loss
- Keywords
- Obesity, Gray Matter, Eating Behavior, Brain MRI, Body Weight Regulation
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 80 participants
- Lead sponsor
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- 24 May 2006
- Study completion
- 3 Oct 2008
- First posted
- 27 Jul 2006 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will evaluate how large, intentional weight reduction affects the human brain and possible ways to reverse the changes associated with excess body weight. Subtle changes in some brain regions occur in people who are overweight. Such changes may involve the regulation of eating behavior, though it is not clear whether the changes were present before weight gain or are a consequence. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will be used to study local structures of the brain.
Patients ages 18 to 45 who are undergoing gastric bypass surgery and who are not pregnant or breastfeeding may be eligible for this study. A study group of lean participants will serve as controls. Patients will visit the Phoenix Indian Medical Center for about 3 days at a time for tests. They will have a medical examination, electrocardiogram, and tests of blood and urine. Questionnaires they will complete involve patients' moods and possible influence on eating behaviors, as well as food preferences. A taste test, smell test, and assessment of decision-making processes will be conducted. An oral glucose tolerance test involves a needle placed intravenously (IV) in the arm, for drawing blood after patients drink a sugar solution. The test takes about 3-1/2 hours, with six blood samples taken (about 2 tablespoons total). A meal test also includes use of an IV line. After patients consume a liquid meal, blood will be collected to analyze levels of blood sugar and hormones. For the DEXA scan, which measures body composition, patients will lie still while low-dose X-rays are used for 5 to 10 minutes. Urine will be collected for 1 whole day, to measure cortisol, a hormone. The MRI scan uses a strong magnetic field to obtain images of body organs and tissues. Patients having any metal in the body that may interfere with the scanning machine should not have this test. For the MRI procedure, patients will lie on a table that slides into the enclosed tunnel of the scanner and be asked to lie still. Patients will be able to communicate with the MRI staff at all times during the scan, and they may ask to be removed from the machine at any time.
Detailed description
BACKGROUND: We have identified subtle changes in some brain regions of obese subjects by using a new computerized technique (voxel-based morphometry, VBM) which allows for studying the local structure of the brain by taking very detailed pictures of the brain through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and then processing these images with sophisticated statistical software. Some of these regions may interfere with an obese person's ability to predict future consequences of his or her eating behaviors. These changes may explain why people have difficulty losing weight. However, it is not clear whether these changes in the brain are present before or are a consequence of weight gain.
OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study will be to evaluate the effects of a large and intentional weight reduction on the brains of obese individuals for assessing the possible reversal of the changes associated with excess body weight. Additional objectives will be a) to determine the possible behavioral correlates of the changes in brain tissue composition associated with a large and intentional weight reduction and b) to confirm the results of our previous exploratory analysis showing that human obesity is associated with changes in brain structure in areas related to the regulation of eating behavior.
DESIGN: This is a longitudinal protocol mainly focused on obese patients undergoing roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), which represents the most effective approach currently available to achieving substantial weight loss, thus maximizing our chances of detecting significant changes in brain tissue composition. Therefore, we propose to study brain morphology and the metabolic and behavioral characteristics of 40 obese patients undergoing RYGBP prior to and 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 months after the surgery. Forty lean subjects (at 0, 12, 24, and 48 months) will also be studied for comparison.
OUTCOME MEASURES: The volumes of the different components of the brain by VBM of MRI pictures; metabolic parameters relevant to the relationship between obesity and the brain by measuring fasting concentrations and postprandial responses of some metabolites; the ability to regulate reward and behavior by specific tasks and questionnaires; the ability to detect and discriminate smells by olfaction tests.
Study design
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Ethnicity: Caucasian, due to the cross-sectional analysis, upon which the present longitudinal study is based, being made up of Caucasian subjects and the lack of normative data in other racial and ethnic groups
- Age 18-45 years, to minimize the confounding role of the well-known effects of aging on brain tissue composition. There is, in fact, compelling evidence from post mortem and in vivo studies that the brain shrinks with age. Neuropathological and CT and MRI morphometric studies indicated that aging predominantly and substantially affects the GM. In addition, deep WM lesions are seen on MRIs in approximately one-third of asymptomatic elderly subjects. Blood pressure also rises with increasing age and can affect brain morphology. Several studies provided evidence of specific patterns in the structural brain correlates of aging, not only globally, between GM and WM compartments, but also locally, within regions of the brain. Therefore, to limit the confounding effect of aging on brain tissue composition, which could theoretically overlap with and confound those of weight loss, the age limit for entering the study will be 45 years.
- BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m(2) for group 1 and less than 25 kg/m(2) for group 2.
- Weight less than or equal to 150 kg (maximum weight allowed on the MRI scanning tables by the manufacturers).
Key exclusion criteria (19 listed)
- Current smoking
- Type 2 diabetes (according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria (63))
- Endocrine disorders, such as Cushing's disease, pituitary disorders, and hypo- and hyperthyroidism
- Pulmonary disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that would limit ability to follow the protocol (investigator judgment) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; only subjects with mild or exercise-induced asthma on no medications or on beta-adrenergic agonists only (such as albuterol) will be allowed to enter the study
- Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and peripheral artery disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Not reported in the source record.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Jul 2017.
- Background: PubMed 12365955Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1723-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.14.1723.
- Background: PubMed 12860573Gustafson D, Rothenberg E, Blennow K, Steen B, Skoog I. An 18-year follow-up of overweight and risk of Alzheimer disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jul 14;163(13):1524-8. doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.13.1524.
- Background: PubMed 15557505Gustafson D, Lissner L, Bengtsson C, Bjorkelund C, Skoog I. A 24-year follow-up of body mass index and cerebral atrophy. Neurology. 2004 Nov 23;63(10):1876-81. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000141850.47773.5f.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
3 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Weight Loss, run by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at 3 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 19 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jul 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 3 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00357344, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jul 2017.