Cardiovascular DiseasesSAVENCT00366990
Low Sodium Diet and Behavioral Intervention for Reversing Arterial Stiffening in Overweight Individuals
A study testing Low Sodium Diet and Regular Sodium Intake in people with Cardiovascular Diseases and Obesity, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Obese individuals are at risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increasing physical activity, losing weight, and reducing sodium intake may reverse arterial stiffness and blood vessel damage that is linked to obesity. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 45 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity
- What is being tested?
- Low Sodium Diet and Regular Sodium Intake
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 349 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jan 2007to Jun 2013
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 45 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 35
Who cannot join
- High blood pressure currently being treated with medication
- Blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg on two consecutive study visits
- Diabetes, defined as either a fasting glucose test result of .126 or current use of hypoglycemic medications
- Currently taking hyperlipidemia medication
- Currently taking vasoactive medications
- History of known atherosclerotic disease (e.g., angina, heart attack, lower extremity arterial disease)
Show all 10Show fewer
- Underlying inflammatory condition (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis)
- Chronic infection
- Current participation in a formal exercise or weight loss program
- Pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
About this study
Official title: Clinical Trial to Reverse Early Arterial Stiffening
Obese individuals are at risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increasing physical activity, losing weight, and reducing sodium intake may reverse arterial stiffness and blood vessel damage that is linked to obesity. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a low sodium diet and a behavioral weight loss intervention in reducing arterial stiffness in overweight young adults.
Read the detailed description
CVD includes diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. Arterial stiffness, in which arteries harden and become less flexible, increases the risk of developing CVD. Arterial stiffness increases both with age and in certain disease states, including high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity. Young adults who are obese prematurely place themselves at risk for developing arterial stiffness and CVD. Physical activity and weight loss may reverse arterial stiffness in these individuals. Reducing sodium intake, which has been proven to decrease blood pressure, may also improve blood vessel function and arterial stiffness. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a low sodium diet and a behavioral weight loss intervention in reducing arterial stiffness in young, moderately overweight individuals.
Participants will first attend a baseline study visit, at which time blood will be collected, and height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure will be measured. Questionnaires to assess medical history, physical activity levels, and dietary habits will be completed. An ultrasound will be used to evaluate blood vessel function and arterial stiffness. All participants will then take part in a 12-month behavioral and dietary intervention. The intervention will emphasize increasing physical activity and decreasing caloric intake by modifying lifestyle choices, physical and social environments, and attitudes toward food and exercise. Participants will be randomly assigned to follow either a low sodium diet or a normal sodium diet. During Months 1 through 4, participants will attend weekly study visits for group counseling sessions; during Months 4 through 8, study visits will occur once every two weeks; and during Months 8 through 12, they will occur once a month. At each study visit, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure will also be measured. If necessary, individual counseling sessions will be scheduled. Participants will also document daily physical activity and caloric intake in a diary. Baseline evaluations will be repeated at Months 6, 12, and 24.
- Conditions
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity
- Being tested
- Low Sodium Diet, Regular Sodium Intake
- Keywords
- Arterial Stiffening
- Medical subject headings
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Low Sodium DietBehavioural
Group sessions once a week for 16 weeks, bi-weekly for 16 weeks, and monthly for 16 weeks on behavioral \& weight loss topics with a focus on lowering sodium intake.
Regular Sodium IntakeBehavioural
Group sessions once a week for 16 weeks, bi-weekly for 16 weeks, and monthly for 16 weeks on behavioral \& weight loss topics.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| weight loss and sodium intake reduction | Active comparator | Behavioral and weight loss intervention, including a low sodium diet. Study goals are a 10% weight loss, 200 minutes of moderate physical activity a week, such as walking, and a 50% reduction in sodium intake. Receives: Behavioral: Low Sodium Diet |
| weight loss and normal sodium intake | Placebo comparator | Behavioral and weight loss intervention, with regular sodium intake. Study goals are a 10% weight loss, 200 minutes of moderate physical activity a week, such as walking. Receives: Behavioral: Regular Sodium Intake |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Arterial stiffness
Measured: Measured at Month 6
Secondary outcomes (2)
Arterial stiffness and remodelling
Measured: Measured at Months 6, 12 and 24
Endothelial function
Measured: Measured at Months 6, 12, and 24
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Aug 2006 (estimated)
- Study startJan 2007
- Primary completionDec 2009
- Study completionJun 2013
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cardiovascular DiseasesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of PittsburghThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 349 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Pittsburgh
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Emma Barinas-Mitchell, PhD, University of Pittsburgh
- Investigators
- Emma Barinas-Mitchell, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Pittsburgh
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00366990
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 415
- Other IDs
- 5R01HL077525
- Acronym
- SAVE
- Status last verified
- Mar 2016
- First submitted
- 18 Aug 2006
- Last updated
- 8 Mar 2016
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Cooper JN, Tepper P, Barinas-Mitchell E, Woodard GA, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Serum aldosterone is associated with inflammation and aortic stiffness in normotensive overweight and obese young adults. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2012;34(1):63-70. doi: 10.3109/10641963.2011.618200. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
PubMed 22007645Cooper JN, Fried L, Tepper P, Barinas-Mitchell E, Conroy MB, Evans RW, Mori Brooks M, Woodard GA, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Changes in serum aldosterone are associated with changes in obesity-related factors in normotensive overweight and obese young adults. Hypertens Res. 2013 Oct;36(10):895-901. doi: 10.1038/hr.2013.45. Epub 2013 May 9.
PubMed 23657296Cooper JN, Evans RW, Mori Brooks M, Fried L, Holmes C, Barinas-Mitchell E, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Associations between arterial stiffness and platelet activation in normotensive overweight and obese young adults. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2014;36(3):115-22. doi: 10.3109/10641963.2013.789045. Epub 2013 May 8.
PubMed 23654212Cooper JN, Buchanich JM, Youk A, Brooks MM, Barinas-Mitchell E, Conroy MB, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Reductions in arterial stiffness with weight loss in overweight and obese young adults: potential mechanisms. Atherosclerosis. 2012 Aug;223(2):485-90. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.05.022. Epub 2012 May 30.
PubMed 22703865Njoroge JN, El Khoudary SR, Fried LF, Barinas-Mitchell E, Sutton-Tyrrell K. High urinary sodium is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in normotensive overweight and obese adults. Am J Hypertens. 2011 Jan;24(1):70-6. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2010.113. Epub 2010 May 27.
PubMed 20508622Lee JJ, Woodard GA, Gianaros PJ, Barinas-Mitchell E, Tepper PG, Conroy MB. Ectopic adiposity is associated with autonomic risk factors and subclinical cardiovascular disease in young adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Oct;23(10):2030-6. doi: 10.1002/oby.21138. Epub 2015 Sep 3.
PubMed 26333626Hughes TM, Althouse AD, Niemczyk NA, Hawkins MS, Kuipers AL, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Effects of weight loss and insulin reduction on arterial stiffness in the SAVE trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012 Sep 22;11:114. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-114.
PubMed 22998737Niemczyk NA, Catov JM, Barinas-Mitchell E, McClure CK, Roberts JM, Tepper PG, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Nulliparity is associated with less healthy markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease in young women with overweight and obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 May;23(5):1085-91. doi: 10.1002/oby.21044. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
PubMed 25866258Hawkins M, Gabriel KP, Cooper J, Storti KL, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Kriska A. The impact of change in physical activity on change in arterial stiffness in overweight or obese sedentary young adults. Vasc Med. 2014 Aug;19(4):257-263. doi: 10.1177/1358863X14536630. Epub 2014 May 30.
PubMed 24879662Smith HA, Storti KL, Arena VC, Kriska AM, Gabriel KK, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Hames KC, Conroy MB. Associations between accelerometer-derived physical activity and regional adiposity in young men and women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Jun;21(6):1299-305. doi: 10.1002/oby.20308.
PubMed 23408709Lott MP, Kriska A, Barinas-Mitchell E, Wang L, Storti K, Winger DG, Conroy MB. Impact of Lifestyle Strategies on Longer-Term Physical Activity and Weight. J Phys Act Health. 2017 Aug;14(8):606-611. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0508. Epub 2017 Apr 19.
PubMed 28422536
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Mar 2016. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Clinical Trial to Reverse Early Arterial Stiffening
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00366990
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SAVE / 415
- Conditions
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity
- Keywords
- Arterial Stiffening
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 349 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PittsburghUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- Study start
- Jan 2007
- Primary completion
- Dec 2009 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jun 2013 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Aug 2006 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Obese individuals are at risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increasing physical activity, losing weight, and reducing sodium intake may reverse arterial stiffness and blood vessel damage that is linked to obesity. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a low sodium diet and a behavioral weight loss intervention in reducing arterial stiffness in overweight young adults.
Detailed description
CVD includes diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. Arterial stiffness, in which arteries harden and become less flexible, increases the risk of developing CVD. Arterial stiffness increases both with age and in certain disease states, including high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity. Young adults who are obese prematurely place themselves at risk for developing arterial stiffness and CVD. Physical activity and weight loss may reverse arterial stiffness in these individuals. Reducing sodium intake, which has been proven to decrease blood pressure, may also improve blood vessel function and arterial stiffness. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a low sodium diet and a behavioral weight loss intervention in reducing arterial stiffness in young, moderately overweight individuals.
Participants will first attend a baseline study visit, at which time blood will be collected, and height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure will be measured. Questionnaires to assess medical history, physical activity levels, and dietary habits will be completed. An ultrasound will be used to evaluate blood vessel function and arterial stiffness. All participants will then take part in a 12-month behavioral and dietary intervention. The intervention will emphasize increasing physical activity and decreasing caloric intake by modifying lifestyle choices, physical and social environments, and attitudes toward food and exercise. Participants will be randomly assigned to follow either a low sodium diet or a normal sodium diet. During Months 1 through 4, participants will attend weekly study visits for group counseling sessions; during Months 4 through 8, study visits will occur once every two weeks; and during Months 8 through 12, they will occur once a month. At each study visit, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure will also be measured. If necessary, individual counseling sessions will be scheduled. Participants will also document daily physical activity and caloric intake in a diary. Baseline evaluations will be repeated at Months 6, 12, and 24.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| weight loss and sodium intake reduction | Active comparator | Behavioral: Low Sodium DietBehavioral and weight loss intervention, including a low sodium diet. Study goals are a 10% weight loss, 200 minutes of moderate physical activity a week, such as walking, and a 50% reduction in sodium intake. |
| weight loss and normal sodium intake | Placebo comparator | Behavioral: Regular Sodium IntakeBehavioral and weight loss intervention, with regular sodium intake. Study goals are a 10% weight loss, 200 minutes of moderate physical activity a week, such as walking. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 35
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- High blood pressure currently being treated with medication
- Blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg on two consecutive study visits
- Diabetes, defined as either a fasting glucose test result of .126 or current use of hypoglycemic medications
- Currently taking hyperlipidemia medication
- Currently taking vasoactive medications
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Low Sodium DietGroup sessions once a week for 16 weeks, bi-weekly for 16 weeks, and monthly for 16 weeks on behavioral \& weight loss topics with a focus on lowering sodium intake. | Behavioural | weight loss and sodium intake reduction |
| Regular Sodium IntakeGroup sessions once a week for 16 weeks, bi-weekly for 16 weeks, and monthly for 16 weeks on behavioral \& weight loss topics. | Behavioural | weight loss and normal sodium intake |
Primary outcome
Arterial stiffness
Time frame: Measured at Month 6
2 secondary outcomes
Arterial stiffness and remodelling
Time frame: Measured at Months 6, 12 and 24
Endothelial function
Time frame: Measured at Months 6, 12, and 24
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Mar 2016.
- Results publication: PubMed 22007645Cooper JN, Tepper P, Barinas-Mitchell E, Woodard GA, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Serum aldosterone is associated with inflammation and aortic stiffness in normotensive overweight and obese young adults. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2012;34(1):63-70. doi: 10.3109/10641963.2011.618200. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
- Results publication: PubMed 23657296Cooper JN, Fried L, Tepper P, Barinas-Mitchell E, Conroy MB, Evans RW, Mori Brooks M, Woodard GA, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Changes in serum aldosterone are associated with changes in obesity-related factors in normotensive overweight and obese young adults. Hypertens Res. 2013 Oct;36(10):895-901. doi: 10.1038/hr.2013.45. Epub 2013 May 9.
- Results publication: PubMed 23654212Cooper JN, Evans RW, Mori Brooks M, Fried L, Holmes C, Barinas-Mitchell E, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Associations between arterial stiffness and platelet activation in normotensive overweight and obese young adults. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2014;36(3):115-22. doi: 10.3109/10641963.2013.789045. Epub 2013 May 8.
- Results publication: PubMed 22703865Cooper JN, Buchanich JM, Youk A, Brooks MM, Barinas-Mitchell E, Conroy MB, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Reductions in arterial stiffness with weight loss in overweight and obese young adults: potential mechanisms. Atherosclerosis. 2012 Aug;223(2):485-90. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.05.022. Epub 2012 May 30.
- Results publication: PubMed 20508622Njoroge JN, El Khoudary SR, Fried LF, Barinas-Mitchell E, Sutton-Tyrrell K. High urinary sodium is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in normotensive overweight and obese adults. Am J Hypertens. 2011 Jan;24(1):70-6. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2010.113. Epub 2010 May 27.
- Results publication: PubMed 26333626Lee JJ, Woodard GA, Gianaros PJ, Barinas-Mitchell E, Tepper PG, Conroy MB. Ectopic adiposity is associated with autonomic risk factors and subclinical cardiovascular disease in young adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Oct;23(10):2030-6. doi: 10.1002/oby.21138. Epub 2015 Sep 3.
- Results publication: PubMed 22998737Hughes TM, Althouse AD, Niemczyk NA, Hawkins MS, Kuipers AL, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Effects of weight loss and insulin reduction on arterial stiffness in the SAVE trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012 Sep 22;11:114. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-114.
- Results publication: PubMed 25866258Niemczyk NA, Catov JM, Barinas-Mitchell E, McClure CK, Roberts JM, Tepper PG, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Nulliparity is associated with less healthy markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease in young women with overweight and obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 May;23(5):1085-91. doi: 10.1002/oby.21044. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
- Results publication: PubMed 24879662Hawkins M, Gabriel KP, Cooper J, Storti KL, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Kriska A. The impact of change in physical activity on change in arterial stiffness in overweight or obese sedentary young adults. Vasc Med. 2014 Aug;19(4):257-263. doi: 10.1177/1358863X14536630. Epub 2014 May 30.
- Results publication: PubMed 23408709Smith HA, Storti KL, Arena VC, Kriska AM, Gabriel KK, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Hames KC, Conroy MB. Associations between accelerometer-derived physical activity and regional adiposity in young men and women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Jun;21(6):1299-305. doi: 10.1002/oby.20308.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28422536Lott MP, Kriska A, Barinas-Mitchell E, Wang L, Storti K, Winger DG, Conroy MB. Impact of Lifestyle Strategies on Longer-Term Physical Activity and Weight. J Phys Act Health. 2017 Aug;14(8):606-611. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0508. Epub 2017 Apr 19.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Emma Barinas-Mitchell, PhD principal investigator
University of Pittsburgh
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Low Sodium Diet and Regular Sodium Intake in people with Cardiovascular Diseases and Obesity, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Mar 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Arterial stiffness (time frame: Measured at Month 6). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00366990, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Mar 2016.