Labor PainNCT00443560
The Association Between Decreasing Labor Analgesia Epidural Infusion and Forceps Delivery
An observational study of Labor Pain and Pregnancy, run by Northwestern University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The objective of this study will be to compare epidural infusion management, specifically looking at infusion rate changes, in patients who receive forceps deliveries versus normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 60 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Labor Pain, Pregnancy
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- How many people
- 2,162 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jan 2006to Mar 2006
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 60 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Pregnant Women
Who may be able to join
- Singletons
- Viable fetal vaginal deliveries between January 2004-October 2005
Who cannot join
- Outside specified time frame
- Multiparity
- Fetal demise
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: A Retrospective Case-controlled Study of the Association Between Request to Discontinue Second Stage Labor Epidural Analgesia and Risk of Instrumental Vaginal Delivery
The objective of this study will be to compare epidural infusion management, specifically looking at infusion rate changes, in patients who receive forceps deliveries versus normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries. We will match patients based on time and date of delivery, as well as parity, in order to eliminate these variables as potential con-founders.
We hypothesize patients who require a decrease in their basal labor analgesia epidural infusion rate will have an increased incidence of forceps delivery.
Read the detailed description
The obstetrical anesthesia database will be queried for all forceps deliveries between the dates of January 2004-October 2005. To minimize the influence of different anesthetic and obstetric care providers, the control group consisted of parturients who has spontaneous vaginal deliveries (SVD) in the same 24 hour period who were case-matched for gravidity and parity. Parturients with twin deliveries and fetal demise were not selected for either group.
The database will be queried for the following: maternal age, parity, gestational age, type of analgesia, changes in epidural infusion rate and/or concentration, and supplemental bolus doses of local anesthesia. The data will be stripped of identification by the database manager and entered into a secured computer which is password protected and maintained in the Department of Anesthesiology. The primary endpoint is to evaluate if decreasing the epidural infusion rate was associated with a forceps delivery.
- Conditions
- Labor Pain, Pregnancy
- Being tested
- Case controlled analysis of epidural labor analgesia patterns
- Keywords
- Labor, Epidural Analgesia, delivery, vacuum extraction, obstetrical Forceps
- Medical subject headings
- Labor Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Case controlled analysis of epidural labor analgesia patternsOther
Also called combined spinal epidural analgesia, epidural labor analgesia, bupivacaine, fentanyl
A retrospective study utilizing the Obstetric Anesthesiology Database to identify parturients who received neuraxial labor analgesia initiated with a combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique and maintained with a continuous epidural infusion with patient controlled epidural analgesia boluses
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Instrumental Vaginal Delivery (IVD) | Instrumental vaginal delivery (IVD) is attempted to prevent fetal hypoxia if the second stage of labor is prolonged. It includes forceps and vacuum extractions. Receives: Other: Case controlled analysis of epidural labor analgesia patterns | |
| Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (SVD) | The control group consisted of parturients who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD)in the same 24 hour period who were case-matched for gravidity and parity. Receives: Other: Case controlled analysis of epidural labor analgesia patterns |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of Parturients With a Decrease in the Infusion of Epidural Analgesia During Second Stage of Labor
At the request of the obstetric provider, second stage analgesia density was decreased by decreasing the basal infusion rate if there was dissatisfaction with the progress of labor or a perceived inability to push. The basal infusion was never totally discontinued.
Measured: Second stage of labor up to 3 hours
Secondary outcomes (2)
Number of Participants With Breakthrough Pain in the First Stage of Labor
Pain not responding to epidural analgesia in the first stage of labor was treated with bolus dose of bupivacaine 1.25 mg/mL or lidocaine 10 mg/mL, 10 to 15 mL. If pain relief was obtained the infusion concentration was increased. If the patient had no pain relief following the bolus injection, the epidural catheter was replaced.
Measured: Supplemental analgesia in first stage of labor (<24 hours)
Duration of Labor Analgesia
Time in minutes from initiation of labor analgesia until delivery of the infant
Measured: Time form initiation of labor analgesia to delivery (up to 24 hours)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Mar 2007 (estimated)
- Study startJan 2006
- Primary completionMar 2006
- Study completionMar 2006
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Labor PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Northwestern UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 2,162 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Northwestern University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Cynthia Wong, Northwestern University
- Investigators
- Cynthia A Wong, M.D., Principal investigator, Northwestern University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00443560
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 0524-028
- Status last verified
- Mar 2014
- First submitted
- 2 Mar 2007
- Last updated
- 14 Apr 2014
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Murphy DJ. Failure to progress in the second stage of labour. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Dec;13(6):557-61. doi: 10.1097/00001703-200112000-00002.
PubMed 11707657Comparative Obstetric Mobile Epidural Trial (COMET) Study Group UK. Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2001 Jul 7;358(9275):19-23. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05251-X.
PubMed 11454372Torvaldsen S, Roberts CL, Bell JC, Raynes-Greenow CH. Discontinuation of epidural analgesia late in labour for reducing the adverse delivery outcomes associated with epidural analgesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004 Oct 18;2004(4):CD004457. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004457.pub2.
PubMed 15495111Hess PE, Pratt SD, Soni AK, Sarna MC, Oriol NE. An association between severe labor pain and cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg. 2000 Apr;90(4):881-6. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200004000-00020.
PubMed 10735793Cohen SE, Yeh JY, Riley ET, Vogel TM. Walking with labor epidural analgesia: the impact of bupivacaine concentration and a lidocaine-epinephrine test dose. Anesthesiology. 2000 Feb;92(2):387-92. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200002000-00019.
PubMed 10691224Panni MK, Segal S. Local anesthetic requirements are greater in dystocia than in normal labor. Anesthesiology. 2003 Apr;98(4):957-63. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200304000-00024.
PubMed 12657859Yancey MK, Zhang J, Schweitzer DL, Schwarz J, Klebanoff MA. Epidural analgesia and fetal head malposition at vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Apr;97(4):608-12. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(00)01230-8.
PubMed 11275036Wong CA, Scavone BM, Peaceman AM, McCarthy RJ, Sullivan JT, Diaz NT, Yaghmour E, Marcus RJ, Sherwani SS, Sproviero MT, Yilmaz M, Patel R, Robles C, Grouper S. The risk of cesarean delivery with neuraxial analgesia given early versus late in labor. N Engl J Med. 2005 Feb 17;352(7):655-65. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa042573.
PubMed 157165599. Wong CA, Scavone BM, Sullivan JT, Ebarvia MJ, McCarthy RJ. The risk of cesarean delivery with early neuraxial analgesia in nulliparous induction of labor. http://www.asa-abstracts.com 2007:A1204.
Ben-Haroush A, Melamed N, Kaplan B, Yogev Y. Predictors of failed operative vaginal delivery: a single-center experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Sep;197(3):308.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.051.
PubMed 17826432Ziadeh S, Yahaya A. Pregnancy outcome at age 40 and older. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2001 Mar;265(1):30-3. doi: 10.1007/s004040000122.
PubMed 11327090
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Apr 2014. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Retrospective Case-controlled Study of the Association Between Request to Discontinue Second Stage Labor Epidural Analgesia and Risk of Instrumental Vaginal Delivery
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00443560
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 0524-028
- Conditions
- Labor Pain, Pregnancy
- Keywords
- Labor, Epidural Analgesia, delivery, vacuum extraction, obstetrical Forceps
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 2,162 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Northwestern UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Jan 2006
- Primary completion
- Mar 2006 (actual)
- Study completion
- Mar 2006 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Mar 2007 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 21 Jul 2011
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The objective of this study will be to compare epidural infusion management, specifically looking at infusion rate changes, in patients who receive forceps deliveries versus normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries. We will match patients based on time and date of delivery, as well as parity, in order to eliminate these variables as potential con-founders.
We hypothesize patients who require a decrease in their basal labor analgesia epidural infusion rate will have an increased incidence of forceps delivery.
Detailed description
The obstetrical anesthesia database will be queried for all forceps deliveries between the dates of January 2004-October 2005. To minimize the influence of different anesthetic and obstetric care providers, the control group consisted of parturients who has spontaneous vaginal deliveries (SVD) in the same 24 hour period who were case-matched for gravidity and parity. Parturients with twin deliveries and fetal demise were not selected for either group.
The database will be queried for the following: maternal age, parity, gestational age, type of analgesia, changes in epidural infusion rate and/or concentration, and supplemental bolus doses of local anesthesia. The data will be stripped of identification by the database manager and entered into a secured computer which is password protected and maintained in the Department of Anesthesiology. The primary endpoint is to evaluate if decreasing the epidural infusion rate was associated with a forceps delivery.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Instrumental Vaginal Delivery (IVD) | – | Other: Case controlled analysis of epidural labor analgesia patternsInstrumental vaginal delivery (IVD) is attempted to prevent fetal hypoxia if the second stage of labor is prolonged. It includes forceps and vacuum extractions. |
| Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (SVD) | – | Other: Case controlled analysis of epidural labor analgesia patternsThe control group consisted of parturients who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD)in the same 24 hour period who were case-matched for gravidity and parity. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 60 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Pregnant Women
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Singletons
- Viable fetal vaginal deliveries between January 2004-October 2005
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Outside specified time frame
- Multiparity
- Fetal demise
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Case controlled analysis of epidural labor analgesia patternsAlso: combined spinal epidural analgesia, epidural labor analgesia, bupivacaine, fentanylA retrospective study utilizing the Obstetric Anesthesiology Database to identify parturients who received neuraxial labor analgesia initiated with a combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique and maintained with a continuous epidural infusion with patient controlled epidural analgesia boluses | Other | Instrumental Vaginal Delivery (IVD), Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (SVD) |
Primary outcome
Number of Parturients With a Decrease in the Infusion of Epidural Analgesia During Second Stage of Labor
Time frame: Second stage of labor up to 3 hours
At the request of the obstetric provider, second stage analgesia density was decreased by decreasing the basal infusion rate if there was dissatisfaction with the progress of labor or a perceived inability to push. The basal infusion was never totally discontinued.
2 secondary outcomes
Number of Participants With Breakthrough Pain in the First Stage of Labor
Time frame: Supplemental analgesia in first stage of labor (<24 hours)
Duration of Labor Analgesia
Time frame: Time form initiation of labor analgesia to delivery (up to 24 hours)
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Apr 2014.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 11707657Murphy DJ. Failure to progress in the second stage of labour. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Dec;13(6):557-61. doi: 10.1097/00001703-200112000-00002.
- Background: PubMed 11454372Comparative Obstetric Mobile Epidural Trial (COMET) Study Group UK. Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2001 Jul 7;358(9275):19-23. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05251-X.
- Background: PubMed 15495111Torvaldsen S, Roberts CL, Bell JC, Raynes-Greenow CH. Discontinuation of epidural analgesia late in labour for reducing the adverse delivery outcomes associated with epidural analgesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004 Oct 18;2004(4):CD004457. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004457.pub2.
- Background: PubMed 10735793Hess PE, Pratt SD, Soni AK, Sarna MC, Oriol NE. An association between severe labor pain and cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg. 2000 Apr;90(4):881-6. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200004000-00020.
- Background: PubMed 10691224Cohen SE, Yeh JY, Riley ET, Vogel TM. Walking with labor epidural analgesia: the impact of bupivacaine concentration and a lidocaine-epinephrine test dose. Anesthesiology. 2000 Feb;92(2):387-92. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200002000-00019.
- Background: PubMed 12657859Panni MK, Segal S. Local anesthetic requirements are greater in dystocia than in normal labor. Anesthesiology. 2003 Apr;98(4):957-63. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200304000-00024.
- Background: PubMed 11275036Yancey MK, Zhang J, Schweitzer DL, Schwarz J, Klebanoff MA. Epidural analgesia and fetal head malposition at vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Apr;97(4):608-12. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(00)01230-8.
- Background: PubMed 15716559Wong CA, Scavone BM, Peaceman AM, McCarthy RJ, Sullivan JT, Diaz NT, Yaghmour E, Marcus RJ, Sherwani SS, Sproviero MT, Yilmaz M, Patel R, Robles C, Grouper S. The risk of cesarean delivery with neuraxial analgesia given early versus late in labor. N Engl J Med. 2005 Feb 17;352(7):655-65. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa042573.
- Background9. Wong CA, Scavone BM, Sullivan JT, Ebarvia MJ, McCarthy RJ. The risk of cesarean delivery with early neuraxial analgesia in nulliparous induction of labor. http://www.asa-abstracts.com 2007:A1204.
- Background: PubMed 17826432Ben-Haroush A, Melamed N, Kaplan B, Yogev Y. Predictors of failed operative vaginal delivery: a single-center experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Sep;197(3):308.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.051.
- Background: PubMed 11327090Ziadeh S, Yahaya A. Pregnancy outcome at age 40 and older. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2001 Mar;265(1):30-3. doi: 10.1007/s004040000122.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Cynthia A Wong, M.D. principal investigator
Northwestern University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Labor Pain and Pregnancy, run by Northwestern University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Apr 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 21 Jul 2011). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of Parturients With a Decrease in the Infusion of Epidural Analgesia During Second Stage of Labor (time frame: Second stage of labor up to 3 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00443560, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Apr 2014.