ObesityPhase 1NCT00498394
Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
A Phase 1 study testing Clinical diet trial in people with Obesity, run by University of Cincinnati at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This pilot study is a randomized, controlled clinical trial to compare anthropometric and metabolic changes associated with six months of weight management by means of a very low carbohydrate diet or a calorically-restricted low fat diet. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Obesity
- What is being tested?
- Clinical diet trial
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- How many people
- 103 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jun 2000to Oct 2002
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Obese men and women with a BMI of 30-34 kg/m2, at least 18 years of age, who have had stable body weight (i.e., no gain or loss of >5% of body weight) for the preceding six months, who have normal oral glucose tolerance, and who are able to commit to a six month study.
Who cannot join
- Pregnancy, lactation, active medical or mental illness requiring treatment, recent (within 1 year) use of appetite suppressing compounds, previous use of the ketogenic diet.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221-0038
About this study
This pilot study is a randomized, controlled clinical trial to compare anthropometric and metabolic changes associated with six months of weight management by means of a very low carbohydrate diet or a calorically-restricted low fat diet. We hypothesized that the low fat diet would be associated with more weight loss and improvement of cardiovascular risk factors than the low carbohydrate diet.
Read the detailed description
Low carbohydrate diets, including high-fat, 'ketogenic' diets, have moved to the forefront of popular diets promoted for weight loss in the United States. These diet plans have been aggressively marketed to millions of Americans every year. However, there has been virtually no rigorous study of low carbohydrate, high fat diets either with regard to efficacy in promoting weight loss or effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Because very low carbohydrate diets (i.e., the ketogenic diets) recommend increased intake of fat, and saturated fat, we hypothesized that following one of these diet plans could actually worsen important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This is an issue of great importance because large numbers of people experiment with low carbohydrate diets despite not knowing their effects on blood pressure, plasma lipid levels, and glucose tolerance. Therefore, we have proposed a clinical trial to test our hypothesis. In this study, we will compare the effects of three months of a ketogenic diet (as promoted by Dr. Robert Atkins) with three months of a weight loss diet that conforms to the American Heart Association dietary guidelines in a group of 100 otherwise healthy obese subjects. During the course of the study, we will determine the effects of diet on 1) body weight, percent fat, and resting metabolic rate, 2) blood pressure, 3) plasma lipids, 4) measures of glucose tolerance, and 5) measures of psychological health and eating behaviors. This pilot study will provide the preliminary data needed to demonstrate the efficacy (or lack thereof) of a popular weight loss technique (i.e., the ketogenic diet) that is currently being criticized by professional organizations. Armed with preliminary data, the investigators plan to further investigate the long-term anthropometric and metabolic effects of ketogenic diets with a larger sample.
- Conditions
- Obesity
- Being tested
- Clinical diet trial
- Keywords
- Obesity, Weight loss, Diet fads
- Medical subject headings
- Obesity, Weight Loss
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Clinical diet trialBehavioural
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Body weight
Measured: 6 months
Secondary outcomes (6)
Body fat via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Measured: 6 months
Resting metabolic rate via indirect calorimetry
Measured: 6 months
Blood pressure
Measured: 6 months
Fasting plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides
Measured: 6 months
Fasting insulin and glucose
Measured: 6 months
Psychological health and eating behaviors via surveys
Measured: 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Jul 2007 (estimated)
- Study startJun 2000
- Study completionOct 2002
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ObesityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of CincinnatiThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 103 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Cincinnati
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Heart Association
- Investigators
- Bonnie J Brehm, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Cincinnati
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00498394
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 0060334B
- Status last verified
- Jul 2007
- First submitted
- 6 Jul 2007
- Last updated
- 10 Jul 2007
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D'Alessio DA. A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;88(4):1617-23. doi: 10.1210/jc.2002-021480.
PubMed 12679447Brehm BJ, Spang SE, Lattin BL, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D'Alessio DA. The role of energy expenditure in the differential weight loss in obese women on low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Mar;90(3):1475-82. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1540. Epub 2004 Dec 14.
PubMed 15598683O'Brien KD, Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Bean J, Wener MH, Daniels S, D'Alessio DA. Diet-induced weight loss is associated with decreases in plasma serum amyloid a and C-reactive protein independent of dietary macronutrient composition in obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr;90(4):2244-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1011. Epub 2005 Jan 25.
PubMed 15671108
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Jul 2007. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00498394
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 0060334B
- Conditions
- Obesity
- Keywords
- Obesity, Weight loss, Diet fads
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 103 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of CincinnatiUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Heart Association
- Study start
- Jun 2000
- Study completion
- Oct 2002 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Jul 2007 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This pilot study is a randomized, controlled clinical trial to compare anthropometric and metabolic changes associated with six months of weight management by means of a very low carbohydrate diet or a calorically-restricted low fat diet. We hypothesized that the low fat diet would be associated with more weight loss and improvement of cardiovascular risk factors than the low carbohydrate diet.
Detailed description
Low carbohydrate diets, including high-fat, 'ketogenic' diets, have moved to the forefront of popular diets promoted for weight loss in the United States. These diet plans have been aggressively marketed to millions of Americans every year. However, there has been virtually no rigorous study of low carbohydrate, high fat diets either with regard to efficacy in promoting weight loss or effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Because very low carbohydrate diets (i.e., the ketogenic diets) recommend increased intake of fat, and saturated fat, we hypothesized that following one of these diet plans could actually worsen important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This is an issue of great importance because large numbers of people experiment with low carbohydrate diets despite not knowing their effects on blood pressure, plasma lipid levels, and glucose tolerance. Therefore, we have proposed a clinical trial to test our hypothesis. In this study, we will compare the effects of three months of a ketogenic diet (as promoted by Dr. Robert Atkins) with three months of a weight loss diet that conforms to the American Heart Association dietary guidelines in a group of 100 otherwise healthy obese subjects. During the course of the study, we will determine the effects of diet on 1) body weight, percent fat, and resting metabolic rate, 2) blood pressure, 3) plasma lipids, 4) measures of glucose tolerance, and 5) measures of psychological health and eating behaviors. This pilot study will provide the preliminary data needed to demonstrate the efficacy (or lack thereof) of a popular weight loss technique (i.e., the ketogenic diet) that is currently being criticized by professional organizations. Armed with preliminary data, the investigators plan to further investigate the long-term anthropometric and metabolic effects of ketogenic diets with a larger sample.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Obese men and women with a BMI of 30-34 kg/m2, at least 18 years of age, who have had stable body weight (i.e., no gain or loss of >5% of body weight) for the preceding six months, who have normal oral glucose tolerance, and who are able to commit to a six month study.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Pregnancy, lactation, active medical or mental illness requiring treatment, recent (within 1 year) use of appetite suppressing compounds, previous use of the ketogenic diet.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical diet trial | Behavioural | – |
Primary outcome
Body weight
Time frame: 6 months
6 secondary outcomes
Body fat via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Time frame: 6 months
Resting metabolic rate via indirect calorimetry
Time frame: 6 months
Blood pressure
Time frame: 6 months
Fasting plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides
Time frame: 6 months
Fasting insulin and glucose
Time frame: 6 months
Psychological health and eating behaviors via surveys
Time frame: 6 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Jul 2007.
- Results publication: PubMed 12679447Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D'Alessio DA. A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;88(4):1617-23. doi: 10.1210/jc.2002-021480.
- Results publication: PubMed 15598683Brehm BJ, Spang SE, Lattin BL, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D'Alessio DA. The role of energy expenditure in the differential weight loss in obese women on low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Mar;90(3):1475-82. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1540. Epub 2004 Dec 14.
- Results publication: PubMed 15671108O'Brien KD, Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Bean J, Wener MH, Daniels S, D'Alessio DA. Diet-induced weight loss is associated with decreases in plasma serum amyloid a and C-reactive protein independent of dietary macronutrient composition in obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr;90(4):2244-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1011. Epub 2005 Jan 25.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Bonnie J Brehm, PhD principal investigator
University of Cincinnati
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing Clinical diet trial in people with Obesity, run by University of Cincinnati at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Jul 2007. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Body weight (time frame: 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00498394, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Jul 2007.