SclerodermaPhase 3NCT00501995
High Dose Cyclophosphamide for Treatment of Scleroderma
A Phase 3 study testing IV Cyclophosphamide in people with Scleroderma, run by Johns Hopkins University.
Trial summary
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) varies greatly in clinical manifestations, mode of presentation, and course. The natural history of this chronic autoimmune disease ranges from benign to fatal. Patients are classified into limited and diffuse scleroderma defined by the degree of skin involvement. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Scleroderma
- What is being tested?
- IV Cyclophosphamide
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 6 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Feb 2001to May 2010
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Meet established criteria for a diagnosis of diffuse cutaneous scleroderma and have evidence of moderately severe organ damage and clinical evidence of active disease.
- Patients with diffuse scleroderma who have evidence of active fibrosing alveolitis manifested by either a greater than 10% decline in the forced vital capacity or the diffusing capacity from the defined normal values or from baseline measurements.
- Patients with severe deforming localized scleroderma (generalized morphea, liner morphea, keloid or bullous scleroderma) that threatens their capacity to function normally in society.
Who cannot join
- Age less than 18 years and over 70 years
- Any risk of pregnancy
- Cardiac ejection fraction of < 45%
- Serum creatinine > 3.0
- Patients who are pre-terminal or moribund
- Bilirubin > 2.0, transaminases > 2x normal
- Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), (5/30/01) < 50% predicted
About this study
Official title: High Dose Cyclophosphamide for Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) varies greatly in clinical manifestations, mode of presentation, and course. The natural history of this chronic autoimmune disease ranges from benign to fatal. Patients are classified into limited and diffuse scleroderma defined by the degree of skin involvement. Patients with limited disease (e.g. the C.R.E.S.T. syndrome) generally have mild disease and normal survival. However, patients with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma often have severe multi-system disease that is not only devastating emotionally and physically but is associated with a 60-70% five year survival and a 40-50% 10 year survival. No therapies have proven effective in the treatment of scleroderma. Strategy to treat scleroderma have included attempts to prevent fibrosis with drugs that interfere with collagen metabolism, attempts to modify the disease process by immunosuppression and attempts to alter the disease by vasoactive drugs. High dose of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs (e.g. chlorambucil, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine) used at conventional doses have not proven curative, but have shown some benefit for inflammatory features of the disease (e.g. arthritis, myositis, fibrosing alveolitis).
Both allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) have shown to modify and in some instances reverse a variety of animal models of autoimmune disease. This has prompted many investigators to propose the use of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for the treatment of autoimmune disease including scleroderma. Unfortunately, this approach risks infusing untreated autoreactive lymphocyte clones after the immunoablative preparative regimen. We have previously demonstrated that high-dose cyclophosphamide without BMT can induce durable and complete remissions in another autoimmune disease, severe aplastic anemia. Recent data with high dose cyclophosphamide show that it can induce complete remissions in other autoimmune hematologic disorders. The objective of this study is to determine whether high dose cyclophosphamide can induce a durable remission in scleroderma patients with life-threatening disease, and to determine toxicity of high dose cyclophosphamide in high risk scleroderma patients.
Read the detailed description
Study design
The study was an open-label, single-site trial of a single exposure to high-dose cyclophosphamide without stem cell rescue. Each patient was followed up by the same doctor to eliminate interobserver skin score variation. Baseline measurements included comprehensive laboratory studies that included complete blood count with differential, comprehensive metabolic panel, urine analysis with culture, quantitative immunoglobulins, antibodies to hepatitis B core and surface antigens and antibodies to hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency, herpes, varicella, Epstein-Barr viruses; rapid plasma reagin test, chest x-ray or high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the lungs, pulmonary function testing, electrocardiogram, and echo or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan.
The primary clinical efficacy end point was the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS).24 A 25% sustained improvement in the mRSS at any point in the follow-up was considered clinically important and a successful outcome.25 Secondary outcome measures included the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and physician global assessment (PGA) determined by a visual analogue scale on a scale from 0 to 100. Values for the percentage predicted lung volumes were referenced from NHANES/Hanikson et al26 and for diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) from Knudson et al.27 The disease duration was defined as the time from the first non-Raynaud's symptom related to scleroderma to study entry.
Treatment protocol
Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously over 1 hour daily for four consecutive days (200 mg/kg total) through a Hickman catheter. The dose of cyclophosphamide was based on the ideal body weight as determined by the Metropolitan Life tables.28 29 If the patient's actual weight was less than the ideal body weight, the actual body weight was used to calculate the cyclophosphamide dose. Intravenous mesna (10 mg/kg) was given 30 minutes before cyclophosphamide and then 3, 6 and 8 hours after cyclophosphamide was administered for prophylaxis against haemorrhagic cystitis. Intravenous ondansetron (32 mg) was administered 1 hour before each dose of cyclophosphamide. Six days after the last dose of cyclophosphamide, all patients received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (5 µg/kg/day) until the neutrophil count was 1×109/l for two consecutive days. Prophylactic antibiotic support, consisting of fluconazole (400 mg/day), norfloxacin (400 mg/day), and valaciclovir (500 mg twice a day, if antibodies to herpes simplex were present), was given beginning the day after the last dose of cyclophosphamide and continuing until the neutrophil count exceeded 0.5×109/l. Dapsone (100 mg three times a week for 6 months) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80/400 mg three times a week for 6 months) was administered for Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. Packed red blood cell (leucocyte-poor) transfusions were administered to maintain a haematocrit level >25%. Platelet transfusions were given for bleeding or to maintain a platelet count >10×109/l, or both. All blood products were irradiated (>2000 rad) to prevent graft versus host disease.
- Conditions
- Scleroderma
- Being tested
- IV Cyclophosphamide
- Keywords
- High Dose Cyclophosphamide, Systemic Sclerosis, Scleroderma, immunoablation
- Medical subject headings
- Scleroderma, Diffuse, Scleroderma, Systemic
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
IV CyclophosphamideDrug
Also called Cytoxan, Neosar
Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) intravenously daily for 4 consecutive days (total 200 mg/kg) followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (5 µg/kg/day)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| IV Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) | Experimental | This is an open-labeled single arm study of Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) administered intravenously over 1 hour daily for four consecutive days (200 mg/kg total) through a Hickman catheter . Receives: Drug: IV Cyclophosphamide |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Improvement in the Modified Rodnan Skin Score.
The modified Rodnan skin score is the accepted clinical measure of scleroderma skin activity. The investigator will assess the thickening of the skin using the modified Rodnan skin score through simple palpation on 17 different body areas: fingers, hands, forearms, arms, feet, legs, and thighs (bilaterally) and face, chest, and abdomen (singly). Skin thickness is assessed on a scale of 0-3; 0 representing normal skin and 3 being severe thickening. The sum of the individual scores can range from 0-51; 0 (normal) to 51 (severe thickening in all 17 areas) A 25% improvement in the modified Rodnan Skin score will be considered significant at any time point in the study. Modified Rodnan Skin Score was evaluated at months 0,1,3,6,12 and 24 months.
Measured: 0 to 24 months
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change in the HAQ-DI, PGA, FVC and DLCO
The Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) a 48 item questionnaire assessing ability to perform activities of daily living, use of assistive devises and a 6 item analog scale of pain severity from 0 cm (no pain) to 14.3 cm (very severe pain). The lower the HAQ-DI score the less the disability. The physician global assessment (PGA) which is a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 on which the physician rates the patient's disease severity based on their observations. A score of 0 is no disease activity and 100 is the worst possible disease activity. The Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) measure of lung capacity and Diffusing Capacity (DLCO) measures of oxygen exchange in the alveoli ( pulmonary function testing). The predicted lung volumes were referenced from NHANES/Hanikson et al and for DLCO predicts were from Knudson. Pre and post study percent predicted values were compared.
Measured: 0-24 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Jul 2007 (estimated)
- Study startFeb 2001
- Primary completionJul 2008
- Study completionMay 2010
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for SclerodermaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Johns Hopkins UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 6 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Johns Hopkins University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Fredrick M. Wigley, Johns Hopkins University
- Investigators
- Fredrick M Wigley, MD, Principal investigator, Johns Hopkins University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00501995
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 00-11-17-02
- Status last verified
- May 2017
- First submitted
- 13 Jul 2007
- Last updated
- 14 Jun 2017
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Tehlirian CV, Hummers LK, White B, Brodsky RA, Wigley FM. High-dose cyclophosphamide without stem cell rescue in scleroderma. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Jun;67(6):775-81. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.077446. Epub 2007 Nov 1.
PubMed 17974598
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Jun 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- High Dose Cyclophosphamide for Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00501995
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 00-11-17-02
- Conditions
- Scleroderma
- Keywords
- High Dose Cyclophosphamide, Systemic Sclerosis, Scleroderma, immunoablation
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 6 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Johns Hopkins UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Feb 2001
- Primary completion
- Jul 2008 (actual)
- Study completion
- May 2010 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Jul 2007 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 2 Jul 2014
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) varies greatly in clinical manifestations, mode of presentation, and course. The natural history of this chronic autoimmune disease ranges from benign to fatal. Patients are classified into limited and diffuse scleroderma defined by the degree of skin involvement. Patients with limited disease (e.g. the C.R.E.S.T. syndrome) generally have mild disease and normal survival. However, patients with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma often have severe multi-system disease that is not only devastating emotionally and physically but is associated with a 60-70% five year survival and a 40-50% 10 year survival. No therapies have proven effective in the treatment of scleroderma. Strategy to treat scleroderma have included attempts to prevent fibrosis with drugs that interfere with collagen metabolism, attempts to modify the disease process by immunosuppression and attempts to alter the disease by vasoactive drugs. High dose of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs (e.g. chlorambucil, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine) used at conventional doses have not proven curative, but have shown some benefit for inflammatory features of the disease (e.g. arthritis, myositis, fibrosing alveolitis).
Both allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) have shown to modify and in some instances reverse a variety of animal models of autoimmune disease. This has prompted many investigators to propose the use of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for the treatment of autoimmune disease including scleroderma. Unfortunately, this approach risks infusing untreated autoreactive lymphocyte clones after the immunoablative preparative regimen. We have previously demonstrated that high-dose cyclophosphamide without BMT can induce durable and complete remissions in another autoimmune disease, severe aplastic anemia. Recent data with high dose cyclophosphamide show that it can induce complete remissions in other autoimmune hematologic disorders. The objective of this study is to determine whether high dose cyclophosphamide can induce a durable remission in scleroderma patients with life-threatening disease, and to determine toxicity of high dose cyclophosphamide in high risk scleroderma patients.
Detailed description
Study design
The study was an open-label, single-site trial of a single exposure to high-dose cyclophosphamide without stem cell rescue. Each patient was followed up by the same doctor to eliminate interobserver skin score variation. Baseline measurements included comprehensive laboratory studies that included complete blood count with differential, comprehensive metabolic panel, urine analysis with culture, quantitative immunoglobulins, antibodies to hepatitis B core and surface antigens and antibodies to hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency, herpes, varicella, Epstein-Barr viruses; rapid plasma reagin test, chest x-ray or high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the lungs, pulmonary function testing, electrocardiogram, and echo or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan.
The primary clinical efficacy end point was the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS).24 A 25% sustained improvement in the mRSS at any point in the follow-up was considered clinically important and a successful outcome.25 Secondary outcome measures included the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and physician global assessment (PGA) determined by a visual analogue scale on a scale from 0 to 100. Values for the percentage predicted lung volumes were referenced from NHANES/Hanikson et al26 and for diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) from Knudson et al.27 The disease duration was defined as the time from the first non-Raynaud's symptom related to scleroderma to study entry.
Treatment protocol
Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously over 1 hour daily for four consecutive days (200 mg/kg total) through a Hickman catheter. The dose of cyclophosphamide was based on the ideal body weight as determined by the Metropolitan Life tables.28 29 If the patient's actual weight was less than the ideal body weight, the actual body weight was used to calculate the cyclophosphamide dose. Intravenous mesna (10 mg/kg) was given 30 minutes before cyclophosphamide and then 3, 6 and 8 hours after cyclophosphamide was administered for prophylaxis against haemorrhagic cystitis. Intravenous ondansetron (32 mg) was administered 1 hour before each dose of cyclophosphamide. Six days after the last dose of cyclophosphamide, all patients received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (5 µg/kg/day) until the neutrophil count was 1×109/l for two consecutive days. Prophylactic antibiotic support, consisting of fluconazole (400 mg/day), norfloxacin (400 mg/day), and valaciclovir (500 mg twice a day, if antibodies to herpes simplex were present), was given beginning the day after the last dose of cyclophosphamide and continuing until the neutrophil count exceeded 0.5×109/l. Dapsone (100 mg three times a week for 6 months) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80/400 mg three times a week for 6 months) was administered for Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. Packed red blood cell (leucocyte-poor) transfusions were administered to maintain a haematocrit level >25%. Platelet transfusions were given for bleeding or to maintain a platelet count >10×109/l, or both. All blood products were irradiated (>2000 rad) to prevent graft versus host disease.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| IV Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) | Experimental | Drug: IV CyclophosphamideThis is an open-labeled single arm study of Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) administered intravenously over 1 hour daily for four consecutive days (200 mg/kg total) through a Hickman catheter . |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Meet established criteria for a diagnosis of diffuse cutaneous scleroderma and have evidence of moderately severe organ damage and clinical evidence of active disease.
- Patients with diffuse scleroderma who have evidence of active fibrosing alveolitis manifested by either a greater than 10% decline in the forced vital capacity or the diffusing capacity from the defined normal values or from baseline measurements.
- Patients with severe deforming localized scleroderma (generalized morphea, liner morphea, keloid or bullous scleroderma) that threatens their capacity to function normally in society.
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Age less than 18 years and over 70 years
- Any risk of pregnancy
- Cardiac ejection fraction of < 45%
- Serum creatinine > 3.0
- Patients who are pre-terminal or moribund
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| IV CyclophosphamideAlso: Cytoxan, NeosarCyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) intravenously daily for 4 consecutive days (total 200 mg/kg) followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (5 µg/kg/day) | Drug | IV Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) |
Primary outcome
Improvement in the Modified Rodnan Skin Score.
Time frame: 0 to 24 months
The modified Rodnan skin score is the accepted clinical measure of scleroderma skin activity. The investigator will assess the thickening of the skin using the modified Rodnan skin score through simple palpation on 17 different body areas: fingers, hands, forearms, arms, feet, legs, and thighs (bilaterally) and face, chest, and abdomen (singly). Skin thickness is assessed on a scale of 0-3; 0 representing normal skin and 3 being severe thickening. The sum of the individual scores can range from 0-51; 0 (normal) to 51 (severe thickening in all 17 areas) A 25% improvement in the modified Rodnan Skin score will be considered significant at any time point in the study. Modified Rodnan Skin Score was evaluated at months 0,1,3,6,12 and 24 months.
1 secondary outcome
Change in the HAQ-DI, PGA, FVC and DLCO
Time frame: 0-24 months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Jun 2017.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Results publication: PubMed 17974598Tehlirian CV, Hummers LK, White B, Brodsky RA, Wigley FM. High-dose cyclophosphamide without stem cell rescue in scleroderma. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Jun;67(6):775-81. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.077446. Epub 2007 Nov 1.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Fredrick M Wigley, MD principal investigator
Johns Hopkins University
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing IV Cyclophosphamide in people with Scleroderma, run by Johns Hopkins University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jun 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 2 Jul 2014). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Improvement in the Modified Rodnan Skin Score. (time frame: 0 to 24 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00501995, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jun 2017.