HIV InfectionsPhase 2VIPNCT00530777
HSV-2 Suppression to Reduce Maternal HIV-1 RNA Levels During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
A Phase 2 study testing valacyclovir in people with HIV Infections and Herpes Simplex, run by University of Washington at 1 site in Kenya.
Trial summary
In this study, we will determine whether treating pregnant and breastfeeding women co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) with daily valacyclovir will reduce HIV-1 levels in plasma, genital, and breast milk and will decrease the risk of mother-to-child… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- HIV Infections, Herpes Simplex
- What is being tested?
- valacyclovir
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 148 participants
- Where
- 1 siteKenya
- Study dates
- Apr 2008to Aug 2010
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- HIV-1 seropositive
- HSV-2 seropositive
- Plans to deliver in Nairobi
- Resides and plans to remain in Nairobi for 12 months postpartum
- 18 years of age or older
- CD4 count>250 cells/μl
Who cannot join
- indication for highly active antiretroviral therapy (e.g., WHO stage III or IV)
- hypersensitivity to valacyclovir or acyclovir
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
In this study, we will determine whether treating pregnant and breastfeeding women co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) with daily valacyclovir will reduce HIV-1 levels in plasma, genital, and breast milk and will decrease the risk of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (MTCT).
Read the detailed description
Each year over 500,000 children become HIV-1-infected in sub-Saharan Africa after exposure to maternal virus in blood, genital secretions, and breast milk. Identifying feasible, safe, and affordable interventions that prevent mother-to-child transmission remains a priority for HIV-1 prevention research. Interventions to reduce breast milk HIV-1 transmission are lacking and most urgently needed.
We propose a randomized clinical trial to determine whether incorporating HSV-2 suppression with valacyclovir into standard prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission regimens will reduce plasma, cervical, and breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels and risk of transmission among HIV-1-infected and HSV-2-seropositive women. We plan to enroll a total of 148 HIV-1 and HSV-2 co-infected pregnant women with CD4>200 cells/μl who seek antenatal care prior to 32 weeks gestation at a clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Women will be randomized to receive either valacyclovir suppressive therapy or placebo at 34 weeks gestation and mother-infant pairs will be followed for 12 months postpartum. Follow-up visits will be scheduled at 38 weeks gestation; birth; 2, 6, 10 and 14 weeks; and 6, 9, and 12 months postpartum. Maternal blood, genital, and breast milk specimens obtained at follow-up visits will be used to determine the effect of valacyclovir suppressive therapy on plasma and breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels. Infant filter paper specimens for HIV-1 DNA assays will be collected at birth; 2, 6, 10 and 14 weeks; and 6, 9, and 12 months in order to compare the proportion of infants acquiring HIV-1 by 12 months in the two study arms and determine the timing of HIV-1 infection. In addition, we will monitor maternal and infant renal function in preparation for a larger randomized clinical trial in Africa. The results of this study will help guide the design of a multi-site clinical trial with adequate power to determine the effect of HSV-2 suppression on vertical (MTCT) transmission of HIV-1 infection.
- Conditions
- HIV Infections, Herpes Simplex
- Being tested
- valacyclovir, placebo
- Keywords
- Disease Transmission, Vertical, valacyclovir, Randomized Controlled Trials, HIV, herpes, Herpesvirus 2, Human, HIV Seronegativity
- Medical subject headings
- HIV Infections, Herpes Simplex
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
valacyclovirDrug
Also called Valtrex
500 mg oral valacyclovir twice daily from 34 weeks gestation to 1 year postpartum
placeboDrug
oral placebo twice daily from 34 weeks gestation to 1 year postpartum
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Experimental | 500 mg oral valacyclovir twice daily from 34 weeks gestation to 1 year postpartum Receives: Drug: valacyclovir |
| 2 | Placebo comparator | oral placebo twice daily from 34 weeks gestation to 1 year postpartum Receives: Drug: placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Mean Change in HIV-1 Levels in Plasma Between 34 and 38 Weeks Gestation
Calculated as log10 plasma viral load at 34 weeks gestation - log10 plasma viral load at 38 weeks gestation
Measured: 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Vertical HIV-1 Transmission
Mother-to-child HIV transmission
Measured: 1 year postpartum
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Sep 2007 (estimated)
- Study startApr 2008
- Primary completionAug 2010
- Study completionAug 2010
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (25)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HIV InfectionsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of WashingtonThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 148 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Washington
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Royalty Research Fund - University of Washington, Puget Sound Partners for Global Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Carey Farquhar, University of Washington
- Investigators
- Carey Farquhar, MD, MPH, Principal investigator, University of Washington
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00530777
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 32462
- Other IDs
- 07-7306-A01, R03HD057773
- Acronym
- VIP
- Status last verified
- Nov 2018
- First submitted
- 13 Sep 2007
- Last updated
- 19 Dec 2018
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Dabis F, Msellati P, Meda N, Welffens-Ekra C, You B, Manigart O, Leroy V, Simonon A, Cartoux M, Combe P, Ouangre A, Ramon R, Ky-Zerbo O, Montcho C, Salamon R, Rouzioux C, Van de Perre P, Mandelbrot L. 6-month efficacy, tolerance, and acceptability of a short regimen of oral zidovudine to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in breastfed children in Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre trial. DITRAME Study Group. DIminution de la Transmission Mere-Enfant. Lancet. 1999 Mar 6;353(9155):786-92. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)11046-2.
PubMed 10459959Iliff PJ, Piwoz EG, Tavengwa NV, Zunguza CD, Marinda ET, Nathoo KJ, Moulton LH, Ward BJ, Humphrey JH; ZVITAMBO study group. Early exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission and increases HIV-free survival. AIDS. 2005 Apr 29;19(7):699-708. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000166093.16446.c9.
PubMed 15821396Drake AL, John-Stewart GC, Wald A, Mbori-Ngacha DA, Bosire R, Wamalwa DC, Lohman-Payne BL, Ashley-Morrow R, Corey L, Farquhar C. Herpes simplex virus type 2 and risk of intrapartum human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Feb;109(2 Pt 1):403-9. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000251511.27725.5c.
PubMed 17267842Chen KT, Segu M, Lumey LH, Kuhn L, Carter RJ, Bulterys M, Abrams EJ; New York City Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study (PACTS) Group. Genital herpes simplex virus infection and perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Dec;106(6):1341-8. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000185917.90004.7c.
PubMed 16319261Whitehead S, Bollen L, Leelawiwat W, et al. Maternal HSV-2 Cervicovaginal Shedding Increases the Risk of Intra-partum HIV-1 Transmission. 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Los Angeles, 2007.
Duffus WA, Mermin J, Bunnell R, Byers RH, Odongo G, Ekwaru P, Downing R. Chronic herpes simplex virus type-2 infection and HIV viral load. Int J STD AIDS. 2005 Nov;16(11):733-5. doi: 10.1258/095646205774763298.
PubMed 16303067Mole L, Ripich S, Margolis D, Holodniy M. The impact of active herpes simplex virus infection on human immunodeficiency virus load. J Infect Dis. 1997 Sep;176(3):766-70. doi: 10.1086/517297.
PubMed 9291329Mofenson LM, Lambert JS, Stiehm ER, Bethel J, Meyer WA 3rd, Whitehouse J, Moye J Jr, Reichelderfer P, Harris DR, Fowler MG, Mathieson BJ, Nemo GJ. Risk factors for perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in women treated with zidovudine. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 185 Team. N Engl J Med. 1999 Aug 5;341(6):385-93. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199908053410601.
PubMed 10432323Garcia PM, Kalish LA, Pitt J, Minkoff H, Quinn TC, Burchett SK, Kornegay J, Jackson B, Moye J, Hanson C, Zorrilla C, Lew JF. Maternal levels of plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA and the risk of perinatal transmission. Women and Infants Transmission Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Aug 5;341(6):394-402. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199908053410602.
PubMed 10432324Shaffer N, Roongpisuthipong A, Siriwasin W, Chotpitayasunondh T, Chearskul S, Young NL, Parekh B, Mock PA, Bhadrakom C, Chinayon P, Kalish ML, Phillips SK, Granade TC, Subbarao S, Weniger BG, Mastro TD. Maternal virus load and perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype E transmission, Thailand. Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmission Study Group. J Infect Dis. 1999 Mar;179(3):590-9. doi: 10.1086/314641.
PubMed 9952365Chuachoowong R, Shaffer N, Siriwasin W, Chaisilwattana P, Young NL, Mock PA, Chearskul S, Waranawat N, Chaowanachan T, Karon J, Simonds RJ, Mastro TD. Short-course antenatal zidovudine reduces both cervicovaginal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels and risk of perinatal transmission. Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmission Study Group. J Infect Dis. 2000 Jan;181(1):99-106. doi: 10.1086/315179.
PubMed 10608756Newell ML. Mechanisms and timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. AIDS. 1998 May 28;12(8):831-7. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199808000-00004. No abstract available.
PubMed 9631135Nagot N, Ouedraogo A, Foulongne V, Konate I, Weiss HA, Vergne L, Defer MC, Djagbare D, Sanon A, Andonaba JB, Becquart P, Segondy M, Vallo R, Sawadogo A, Van de Perre P, Mayaud P; ANRS 1285 Study Group. Reduction of HIV-1 RNA levels with therapy to suppress herpes simplex virus. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 22;356(8):790-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa062607.
PubMed 17314338Ozouaki F, Ndjoyi-Mbiguino A, Legoff J, Onas IN, Kendjo E, Si-Mohamed A, Mbopi-Keou FX, Malkin JE, Belec L. Genital shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 in childbearing-aged and pregnant women living in Gabon. Int J STD AIDS. 2006 Feb;17(2):124-7. doi: 10.1258/095646206775455711.
PubMed 16464276Conant MA, Schacker TW, Murphy RL, Gold J, Crutchfield LT, Crooks RJ; International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group. Valaciclovir versus aciclovir for herpes simplex virus infection in HIV-infected individuals: two randomized trials. Int J STD AIDS. 2002 Jan;13(1):12-21. doi: 10.1258/0956462021924550.
PubMed 11802924
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Dec 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- HSV-2 Suppression to Reduce Maternal HIV-1 RNA Levels During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00530777
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- VIP / 32462
- Conditions
- HIV Infections, Herpes Simplex
- Keywords
- Disease Transmission, Vertical, valacyclovir, Randomized Controlled Trials, HIV, herpes, Herpesvirus 2, Human, HIV Seronegativity
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 148 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of WashingtonUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Royalty Research Fund - University of Washington, Puget Sound Partners for Global Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Study start
- Apr 2008
- Primary completion
- Aug 2010 (actual)
- Study completion
- Aug 2010 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Sep 2007 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 18 Apr 2012
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In this study, we will determine whether treating pregnant and breastfeeding women co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) with daily valacyclovir will reduce HIV-1 levels in plasma, genital, and breast milk and will decrease the risk of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (MTCT).
Detailed description
Each year over 500,000 children become HIV-1-infected in sub-Saharan Africa after exposure to maternal virus in blood, genital secretions, and breast milk. Identifying feasible, safe, and affordable interventions that prevent mother-to-child transmission remains a priority for HIV-1 prevention research. Interventions to reduce breast milk HIV-1 transmission are lacking and most urgently needed.
We propose a randomized clinical trial to determine whether incorporating HSV-2 suppression with valacyclovir into standard prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission regimens will reduce plasma, cervical, and breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels and risk of transmission among HIV-1-infected and HSV-2-seropositive women. We plan to enroll a total of 148 HIV-1 and HSV-2 co-infected pregnant women with CD4>200 cells/μl who seek antenatal care prior to 32 weeks gestation at a clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Women will be randomized to receive either valacyclovir suppressive therapy or placebo at 34 weeks gestation and mother-infant pairs will be followed for 12 months postpartum. Follow-up visits will be scheduled at 38 weeks gestation; birth; 2, 6, 10 and 14 weeks; and 6, 9, and 12 months postpartum. Maternal blood, genital, and breast milk specimens obtained at follow-up visits will be used to determine the effect of valacyclovir suppressive therapy on plasma and breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels. Infant filter paper specimens for HIV-1 DNA assays will be collected at birth; 2, 6, 10 and 14 weeks; and 6, 9, and 12 months in order to compare the proportion of infants acquiring HIV-1 by 12 months in the two study arms and determine the timing of HIV-1 infection. In addition, we will monitor maternal and infant renal function in preparation for a larger randomized clinical trial in Africa. The results of this study will help guide the design of a multi-site clinical trial with adequate power to determine the effect of HSV-2 suppression on vertical (MTCT) transmission of HIV-1 infection.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Experimental | Drug: valacyclovir500 mg oral valacyclovir twice daily from 34 weeks gestation to 1 year postpartum |
| 2 | Placebo comparator | Drug: placebooral placebo twice daily from 34 weeks gestation to 1 year postpartum |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- HIV-1 seropositive
- HSV-2 seropositive
- Plans to deliver in Nairobi
- Resides and plans to remain in Nairobi for 12 months postpartum
- 18 years of age or older
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- indication for highly active antiretroviral therapy (e.g., WHO stage III or IV)
- hypersensitivity to valacyclovir or acyclovir
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| valacyclovirAlso: Valtrex500 mg oral valacyclovir twice daily from 34 weeks gestation to 1 year postpartum | Drug | 1 |
| placebooral placebo twice daily from 34 weeks gestation to 1 year postpartum | Drug | 2 |
Primary outcome
Mean Change in HIV-1 Levels in Plasma Between 34 and 38 Weeks Gestation
Time frame: 4 weeks
Calculated as log10 plasma viral load at 34 weeks gestation - log10 plasma viral load at 38 weeks gestation
1 secondary outcome
Vertical HIV-1 Transmission
Time frame: 1 year postpartum
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Dec 2018.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 10459959Dabis F, Msellati P, Meda N, Welffens-Ekra C, You B, Manigart O, Leroy V, Simonon A, Cartoux M, Combe P, Ouangre A, Ramon R, Ky-Zerbo O, Montcho C, Salamon R, Rouzioux C, Van de Perre P, Mandelbrot L. 6-month efficacy, tolerance, and acceptability of a short regimen of oral zidovudine to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in breastfed children in Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre trial. DITRAME Study Group. DIminution de la Transmission Mere-Enfant. Lancet. 1999 Mar 6;353(9155):786-92. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)11046-2.
- Background: PubMed 15821396Iliff PJ, Piwoz EG, Tavengwa NV, Zunguza CD, Marinda ET, Nathoo KJ, Moulton LH, Ward BJ, Humphrey JH; ZVITAMBO study group. Early exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission and increases HIV-free survival. AIDS. 2005 Apr 29;19(7):699-708. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000166093.16446.c9.
- Background: PubMed 17267842Drake AL, John-Stewart GC, Wald A, Mbori-Ngacha DA, Bosire R, Wamalwa DC, Lohman-Payne BL, Ashley-Morrow R, Corey L, Farquhar C. Herpes simplex virus type 2 and risk of intrapartum human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Feb;109(2 Pt 1):403-9. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000251511.27725.5c.
- Background: PubMed 16319261Chen KT, Segu M, Lumey LH, Kuhn L, Carter RJ, Bulterys M, Abrams EJ; New York City Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study (PACTS) Group. Genital herpes simplex virus infection and perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Dec;106(6):1341-8. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000185917.90004.7c.
- BackgroundWhitehead S, Bollen L, Leelawiwat W, et al. Maternal HSV-2 Cervicovaginal Shedding Increases the Risk of Intra-partum HIV-1 Transmission. 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Los Angeles, 2007.
- Background: PubMed 16303067Duffus WA, Mermin J, Bunnell R, Byers RH, Odongo G, Ekwaru P, Downing R. Chronic herpes simplex virus type-2 infection and HIV viral load. Int J STD AIDS. 2005 Nov;16(11):733-5. doi: 10.1258/095646205774763298.
- Background: PubMed 9291329Mole L, Ripich S, Margolis D, Holodniy M. The impact of active herpes simplex virus infection on human immunodeficiency virus load. J Infect Dis. 1997 Sep;176(3):766-70. doi: 10.1086/517297.
- Background: PubMed 10432323Mofenson LM, Lambert JS, Stiehm ER, Bethel J, Meyer WA 3rd, Whitehouse J, Moye J Jr, Reichelderfer P, Harris DR, Fowler MG, Mathieson BJ, Nemo GJ. Risk factors for perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in women treated with zidovudine. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 185 Team. N Engl J Med. 1999 Aug 5;341(6):385-93. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199908053410601.
- Background: PubMed 10432324Garcia PM, Kalish LA, Pitt J, Minkoff H, Quinn TC, Burchett SK, Kornegay J, Jackson B, Moye J, Hanson C, Zorrilla C, Lew JF. Maternal levels of plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA and the risk of perinatal transmission. Women and Infants Transmission Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Aug 5;341(6):394-402. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199908053410602.
- Background: PubMed 9952365Shaffer N, Roongpisuthipong A, Siriwasin W, Chotpitayasunondh T, Chearskul S, Young NL, Parekh B, Mock PA, Bhadrakom C, Chinayon P, Kalish ML, Phillips SK, Granade TC, Subbarao S, Weniger BG, Mastro TD. Maternal virus load and perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype E transmission, Thailand. Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmission Study Group. J Infect Dis. 1999 Mar;179(3):590-9. doi: 10.1086/314641.
- Background: PubMed 10608756Chuachoowong R, Shaffer N, Siriwasin W, Chaisilwattana P, Young NL, Mock PA, Chearskul S, Waranawat N, Chaowanachan T, Karon J, Simonds RJ, Mastro TD. Short-course antenatal zidovudine reduces both cervicovaginal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels and risk of perinatal transmission. Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmission Study Group. J Infect Dis. 2000 Jan;181(1):99-106. doi: 10.1086/315179.
- Background: PubMed 9631135Newell ML. Mechanisms and timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. AIDS. 1998 May 28;12(8):831-7. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199808000-00004. No abstract available.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Carey Farquhar, MD, MPH principal investigator
University of Washington
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing valacyclovir in people with HIV Infections and Herpes Simplex, run by University of Washington at 1 site in Kenya.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Dec 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Kenya. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 18 Apr 2012). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Mean Change in HIV-1 Levels in Plasma Between 34 and 38 Weeks Gestation (time frame: 4 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00530777, which also lists 25 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Dec 2018.