Smoking CessationNCT00608426
Proactive Tobacco Treatment for Veterans
A study testing Proactive Outreach with choice of telephone or in-person smoking cessation services in people with Smoking Cessation and Smoking Tobacco, run by US Department of Veterans Affairs at 5 sites in United States.
Trial summary
Tobacco use is the leading cause of premature death in the United States and disproportionately affects Veterans and certain racial/ethnic minority groups. Most smokers are interested in quitting; however, current tobacco use treatment approaches are reactive and require smokers to initiate treatment or depend on the… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Smoking Cessation, Smoking Tobacco
- What is being tested?
- Proactive Outreach with choice of telephone or in-person smoking cessation services
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 6,400 participants
- Where
- 5 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Oct 2009to Dec 2013
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Current smoker, identified by tobacco use clinical reminder.
Who cannot join
- ICD-9 diagnosis of dementia (290.xx or 331.xx).
- Greater than 10 VA mental health clinic visits in past 12 months.
- Missing phone number or mailing address.
Trial locations and contacts
5 sites in 1 country.
5 sites in 1 country
United States5 sites
G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS
Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55417
Manhattan Campus of the VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
New York, New York, 10010
Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL
Tampa, Florida, 33612
About this study
Official title: Proactive Tobacco Treatment for Diverse Veteran Smokers
Tobacco use is the leading cause of premature death in the United States and disproportionately affects Veterans and certain racial/ethnic minority groups. Most smokers are interested in quitting; however, current tobacco use treatment approaches are reactive and require smokers to initiate treatment or depend on the provider to initiate smoking cessation care. As a result, most smokers do not receive comprehensive, evidence-based treatment for tobacco use that includes intensive behavioral counseling along with pharmacotherapy. Proactive tobacco treatment integrates population-based treatment (i.e., proactive outreach) and individual-level treatment (i.e., smoking cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy) to address both patient and provider barriers to comprehensive care.
Read the detailed description
- BACKGROUND/RATIONALE Tobacco use remains the number one cause of premature death and morbidity in the United States. Most cigarette smokers want to quit smoking, and about 50% make a quit attempt each year, but only 6% achieve long-term cessation. This randomized controlled trial - the Veterans Victory over Tobacco Study - compared the effects of a proactive tobacco cessation care model versus a traditional cessation care model on the use of tobacco treatment and subsequent population-level smoking cessation rates. Veterans from four VAMCs were recruited from 10/09 to 9/10 and were randomized to either usual care (i.e., reactive care) or the proactive care intervention. Veterans in the usual care group (n=2,604) received access to tobacco treatment services from their VAMC. Veterans in the proactive care intervention group (n=2,519) received proactive outreach (mailed invitation materials followed by telephone outreach); and were offered a choice of smoking cessation services (telephone care or in-person care). The primary outcome was six-month prolonged smoking abstinence one year after randomization. Investigators also analyzed baseline demographics, clinical characteristics (i.e., distance to VAMC, comorbid psychiatric conditions), and smoking history.
- OBJECTIVES The primary objectives of this study were to (1) Assess the effect of a proactive care intervention on population-level smoking abstinence rates (i.e., abstinence among all smokers including those who use and do not use treatment) and on use of evidence-based tobacco treatments compared to reactive/usual care among a diverse population of Veteran smokers, (2) Compare the effect of proactive care on population-level smoking abstinence rates and use of tobacco treatments between African American and White smokers, and (3) Determine the cost-effectiveness of the proactive care intervention.
- METHODS In this prospective randomized controlled trial, we identified a population-based registry of current smokers (N=6400) from four Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers facilities using the VA electronic medical record, who were randomized to proactive care or usual care. The proactive care intervention combines: (1) proactive outreach and (2) offer of choice of smoking cessation services (telephone or face-to-face). Proactive outreach included mailed invitations followed by telephone outreach with motivational enhancement (up to 6 call attempts) to encourage smokers to seek treatment with choice of services. Proactive care participants who chose telephone care received VA telephone counseling and access to pharmacotherapy. Proactive care participants who chose face-to-face care were referred to their VA facility's smoking cessation clinic. Usual care group participants had access to standard smoking cessation services provided by their VA facility and their VA primary care provider. Usual care participants could also call their local state telephone quitline. Because this study was testing proactive outreach, smokers were randomized prior to contact and a baseline survey was administered after randomization using a multiple-wave mailed questionnaire protocol. Additional baseline data were extracted from VA administrative databases. Outcomes from both groups were collected 12 months post-randomization from participant surveys and from VA administrative databases. The primary outcome was population-level cessation at one year using a self-reported, 6-month prolonged smoking abstinence measure.
- STATUS We have successfully conducted a multi-site population-based randomized controlled trial. Our primary outcomes paper was published by the JAMA Internal Medicine online in March 2014 and we are currently working on a second manuscript.
- CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we tested a proactive care intervention that harnesses the power of the electronic medical record to identify populations of smokers in a health care system and capitalize on the availability of validated telephone care protocols to efficiently deliver intensive behavioral counseling and facilitate access to pharmacotherapy.
- Conditions
- Smoking Cessation, Smoking Tobacco
- Being tested
- Proactive Outreach with choice of telephone or in-person smoking cessation services
- Keywords
- African Americans, telephone counseling, community health planning, ethnic groups
- Medical subject headings
- Smoking Cessation, Smoking
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Proactive Outreach with choice of telephone or in-person smoking cessation servicesBehavioural
This group of participants is sent a recruitment letter, then receives a phone call to offer them their choice of smoking cessation services (either telephone care or in-person care).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | No intervention | Group who can elect to receive reactive (usual) care for smoking cessation. |
| Proactive Care | Experimental | Group who will be proactively offered smoking cessation care with their choice of smoking cessation services (telephone care or in-person care). Receives: Behavioral: Proactive Outreach with choice of telephone or in-person smoking cessation services |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Self-reported, Smoking Abstinence Rate: 6-month Prolonged Abstinence
Measured: 12 months after randomization
Secondary outcomes (2)
Treatment Utilization Rates for Counseling and/or Pharmacotherapy
Measured: 12 months after randomization
7-day Point Prevalence Abstinence
Measured: 12 months after randomizatoin
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Feb 2008 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2009
- Primary completionDec 2011
- Study completionDec 2013
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Smoking CessationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 6,400 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- US Department of Veterans Affairs
- Sponsor type
- US federal agency
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Steven S. Fu, MD MSCE, Principal investigator, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00608426
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IAB 05-303
- Status last verified
- Mar 2014
- First submitted
- 31 Jan 2008
- Last updated
- 24 Apr 2015
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Fu SS, van Ryn M, Sherman SE, Burgess DJ, Noorbaloochi S, Clothier B, Joseph AM. Population-based tobacco treatment: study design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2012 Mar 6;12:159. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-159.
PubMed 22394386Fu SS, van Ryn M, Sherman SE, Burgess DJ, Noorbaloochi S, Clothier B, Taylor BC, Schlede CM, Burke RS, Joseph AM. Proactive tobacco treatment and population-level cessation: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 May;174(5):671-7. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.177.
PubMed 24615217Burgess DJ, van Ryn M, Noorbaloochi S, Clothier B, Taylor BC, Sherman S, Joseph AM, Fu SS. Smoking cessation among African American and white smokers in the Veterans Affairs health care system. Am J Public Health. 2014 Sep;104 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):S580-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302023.
PubMed 25100424Theodoulou A, Fanshawe TR, Leavens E, Theodoulou E, Wu AD, Heath L, Stewart C, Nollen N, Ahluwalia JS, Butler AR, Hajizadeh A, Thomas J, Lindson N, Hartmann-Boyce J. Differences in the effectiveness of individual-level smoking cessation interventions by socioeconomic status. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025 Jan 27;1(1):CD015120. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015120.pub2.
PubMed 39868569Danan ER, Sherman SE, Clothier BA, Burgess DJ, Pinsker EA, Joseph AM, Noorbaloochi S, Fu SS. Smoking Cessation among Female and Male Veterans before and after a Randomized Trial of Proactive Outreach. Womens Health Issues. 2019 Jun 25;29 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S15-S23. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2019.04.001.
PubMed 31253237Danan ER, Fu SS, Clothier BA, Noorbaloochi S, Hammett PJ, Widome R, Burgess DJ. The Equity Impact of Proactive Outreach to Smokers: Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Am J Prev Med. 2018 Oct;55(4):506-516. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.05.023. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
PubMed 30139707Melzer AC, Pinsker EA, Clothier B, Noorbaloochi S, Burgess DJ, Danan ER, Fu SS. Validating the use of veterans affairs tobacco health factors for assessing change in smoking status: accuracy, availability, and approach. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2018 May 11;18(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s12874-018-0501-2.
PubMed 29751746Japuntich SJ, Sherman SE, Joseph AM, Clothier B, Noorbaloochi S, Danan E, Burgess D, Rogers E, Fu SS. Proactive tobacco treatment for individuals with and without a mental health diagnosis: Secondary analysis of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Addict Behav. 2018 Jan;76:15-19. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.024. Epub 2017 Jul 15.
PubMed 28735036Danan ER, Joseph AM, Sherman SE, Burgess DJ, Noorbaloochi S, Clothier B, Japuntich SJ, Taylor BC, Fu SS. Does Motivation Matter? Analysis of a Randomized Trial of Proactive Outreach to VA Smokers. J Gen Intern Med. 2016 Aug;31(8):878-87. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3687-1. Epub 2016 Apr 12.
PubMed 27071399
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Apr 2015. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Proactive Tobacco Treatment for Diverse Veteran Smokers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00608426
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IAB 05-303
- Conditions
- Smoking Cessation, Smoking Tobacco
- Keywords
- African Americans, telephone counseling, community health planning, ethnic groups
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 6,400 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- US Department of Veterans AffairsUS federal agency
- Study start
- Oct 2009
- Primary completion
- Dec 2011 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2013 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Feb 2008 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 9 Jan 2015
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Tobacco use is the leading cause of premature death in the United States and disproportionately affects Veterans and certain racial/ethnic minority groups. Most smokers are interested in quitting; however, current tobacco use treatment approaches are reactive and require smokers to initiate treatment or depend on the provider to initiate smoking cessation care. As a result, most smokers do not receive comprehensive, evidence-based treatment for tobacco use that includes intensive behavioral counseling along with pharmacotherapy. Proactive tobacco treatment integrates population-based treatment (i.e., proactive outreach) and individual-level treatment (i.e., smoking cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy) to address both patient and provider barriers to comprehensive care.
Detailed description
- BACKGROUND/RATIONALE Tobacco use remains the number one cause of premature death and morbidity in the United States. Most cigarette smokers want to quit smoking, and about 50% make a quit attempt each year, but only 6% achieve long-term cessation. This randomized controlled trial - the Veterans Victory over Tobacco Study - compared the effects of a proactive tobacco cessation care model versus a traditional cessation care model on the use of tobacco treatment and subsequent population-level smoking cessation rates. Veterans from four VAMCs were recruited from 10/09 to 9/10 and were randomized to either usual care (i.e., reactive care) or the proactive care intervention. Veterans in the usual care group (n=2,604) received access to tobacco treatment services from their VAMC. Veterans in the proactive care intervention group (n=2,519) received proactive outreach (mailed invitation materials followed by telephone outreach); and were offered a choice of smoking cessation services (telephone care or in-person care). The primary outcome was six-month prolonged smoking abstinence one year after randomization. Investigators also analyzed baseline demographics, clinical characteristics (i.e., distance to VAMC, comorbid psychiatric conditions), and smoking history.
- OBJECTIVES The primary objectives of this study were to (1) Assess the effect of a proactive care intervention on population-level smoking abstinence rates (i.e., abstinence among all smokers including those who use and do not use treatment) and on use of evidence-based tobacco treatments compared to reactive/usual care among a diverse population of Veteran smokers, (2) Compare the effect of proactive care on population-level smoking abstinence rates and use of tobacco treatments between African American and White smokers, and (3) Determine the cost-effectiveness of the proactive care intervention.
- METHODS In this prospective randomized controlled trial, we identified a population-based registry of current smokers (N=6400) from four Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers facilities using the VA electronic medical record, who were randomized to proactive care or usual care. The proactive care intervention combines: (1) proactive outreach and (2) offer of choice of smoking cessation services (telephone or face-to-face). Proactive outreach included mailed invitations followed by telephone outreach with motivational enhancement (up to 6 call attempts) to encourage smokers to seek treatment with choice of services. Proactive care participants who chose telephone care received VA telephone counseling and access to pharmacotherapy. Proactive care participants who chose face-to-face care were referred to their VA facility's smoking cessation clinic. Usual care group participants had access to standard smoking cessation services provided by their VA facility and their VA primary care provider. Usual care participants could also call their local state telephone quitline. Because this study was testing proactive outreach, smokers were randomized prior to contact and a baseline survey was administered after randomization using a multiple-wave mailed questionnaire protocol. Additional baseline data were extracted from VA administrative databases. Outcomes from both groups were collected 12 months post-randomization from participant surveys and from VA administrative databases. The primary outcome was population-level cessation at one year using a self-reported, 6-month prolonged smoking abstinence measure.
- STATUS We have successfully conducted a multi-site population-based randomized controlled trial. Our primary outcomes paper was published by the JAMA Internal Medicine online in March 2014 and we are currently working on a second manuscript.
- CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we tested a proactive care intervention that harnesses the power of the electronic medical record to identify populations of smokers in a health care system and capitalize on the availability of validated telephone care protocols to efficiently deliver intensive behavioral counseling and facilitate access to pharmacotherapy.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | No intervention | –Group who can elect to receive reactive (usual) care for smoking cessation. |
| Proactive Care | Experimental | Behavioral: Proactive Outreach with choice of telephone or in-person smoking cessation servicesGroup who will be proactively offered smoking cessation care with their choice of smoking cessation services (telephone care or in-person care). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Current smoker, identified by tobacco use clinical reminder.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- ICD-9 diagnosis of dementia (290.xx or 331.xx).
- Greater than 10 VA mental health clinic visits in past 12 months.
- Missing phone number or mailing address.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Proactive Outreach with choice of telephone or in-person smoking cessation servicesThis group of participants is sent a recruitment letter, then receives a phone call to offer them their choice of smoking cessation services (either telephone care or in-person care). | Behavioural | Proactive Care |
Primary outcome
Self-reported, Smoking Abstinence Rate: 6-month Prolonged Abstinence
Time frame: 12 months after randomization
2 secondary outcomes
Treatment Utilization Rates for Counseling and/or Pharmacotherapy
Time frame: 12 months after randomization
7-day Point Prevalence Abstinence
Time frame: 12 months after randomizatoin
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Apr 2015.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Results publication: PubMed 22394386Fu SS, van Ryn M, Sherman SE, Burgess DJ, Noorbaloochi S, Clothier B, Joseph AM. Population-based tobacco treatment: study design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2012 Mar 6;12:159. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-159.
- Results publication: PubMed 24615217Fu SS, van Ryn M, Sherman SE, Burgess DJ, Noorbaloochi S, Clothier B, Taylor BC, Schlede CM, Burke RS, Joseph AM. Proactive tobacco treatment and population-level cessation: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 May;174(5):671-7. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.177.
- Results publication: PubMed 25100424Burgess DJ, van Ryn M, Noorbaloochi S, Clothier B, Taylor BC, Sherman S, Joseph AM, Fu SS. Smoking cessation among African American and white smokers in the Veterans Affairs health care system. Am J Public Health. 2014 Sep;104 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):S580-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302023.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39868569Theodoulou A, Fanshawe TR, Leavens E, Theodoulou E, Wu AD, Heath L, Stewart C, Nollen N, Ahluwalia JS, Butler AR, Hajizadeh A, Thomas J, Lindson N, Hartmann-Boyce J. Differences in the effectiveness of individual-level smoking cessation interventions by socioeconomic status. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025 Jan 27;1(1):CD015120. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015120.pub2.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 31253237Danan ER, Sherman SE, Clothier BA, Burgess DJ, Pinsker EA, Joseph AM, Noorbaloochi S, Fu SS. Smoking Cessation among Female and Male Veterans before and after a Randomized Trial of Proactive Outreach. Womens Health Issues. 2019 Jun 25;29 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S15-S23. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2019.04.001.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 30139707Danan ER, Fu SS, Clothier BA, Noorbaloochi S, Hammett PJ, Widome R, Burgess DJ. The Equity Impact of Proactive Outreach to Smokers: Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Am J Prev Med. 2018 Oct;55(4):506-516. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.05.023. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 29751746Melzer AC, Pinsker EA, Clothier B, Noorbaloochi S, Burgess DJ, Danan ER, Fu SS. Validating the use of veterans affairs tobacco health factors for assessing change in smoking status: accuracy, availability, and approach. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2018 May 11;18(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s12874-018-0501-2.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28735036Japuntich SJ, Sherman SE, Joseph AM, Clothier B, Noorbaloochi S, Danan E, Burgess D, Rogers E, Fu SS. Proactive tobacco treatment for individuals with and without a mental health diagnosis: Secondary analysis of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Addict Behav. 2018 Jan;76:15-19. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.024. Epub 2017 Jul 15.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 27071399Danan ER, Joseph AM, Sherman SE, Burgess DJ, Noorbaloochi S, Clothier B, Japuntich SJ, Taylor BC, Fu SS. Does Motivation Matter? Analysis of a Randomized Trial of Proactive Outreach to VA Smokers. J Gen Intern Med. 2016 Aug;31(8):878-87. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3687-1. Epub 2016 Apr 12.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Steven S. Fu, MD MSCE principal investigator
Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
5 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Proactive Outreach with choice of telephone or in-person smoking cessation services in people with Smoking Cessation and Smoking Tobacco, run by US Department of Veterans Affairs at 5 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Apr 2015. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 5 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 9 Jan 2015). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Self-reported, Smoking Abstinence Rate: 6-month Prolonged Abstinence (time frame: 12 months after randomization). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00608426, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Apr 2015.