DepressionPhase 1PGRN-SSRINCT00613470
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Citalopram and Escitalopram
A Phase 1 study testing citalopram and escitalopram in people with Depression, run by Mayo Clinic at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study is one component of a larger U01 grant that was submitted in August, 2004 to the NIGMS as part of the Pharmacogenomic Research Network. This study will enroll 1200 patients over 4 years. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Depression
- What is being tested?
- citalopram and escitalopram
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 927 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Mar 2005to May 2013
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Outpatients or inpatients with nonpsychotic MDD.
- A score of >14 on the HRS-D17 (equivalent to 10 or greater on PHQ-9 which is used in primary care to assess depression) given that when medication exceeds the effect of placebo in primary care participants have a HRS-D17 >12. We added 2 HRS-D17 points to take into account the possibility of measurement error.
- Outpatients or inpatients for whom antidepressant treatment is deemed appropriate by the treating clinician.
- Subjects who are between 18-85 years of age.
- Participants who have general medical conditions (GMCs) which could conceivably be physiologically causing their depressive symptoms will receive treatment as usual for their GMCs as well as for their MDD.
Who cannot join
- Subjects with medical contraindications that preclude citalopram or escitalopram treatment and those who have previously failed to respond to citalopram or escitalopram will be excluded. In addition, patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or who have Bipolar I disorder will be excluded because they have a primary psychiatric condition that requires a different initial treatment. Subjects currently on antidepressant medication with subtherapeutic results in terms of depression management will undergo a medication taper and discontinuation prior to initiation of citalopram or escitalopram treatment. The subject will be closely monitored by the primary physician or psychiatrist during the medication taper and discontinuation phase. The medication taper is left upto the treating physician's or psychiatrist's discretion. Study subjects who cannot be safely tapered from their medication or experience adverse effects during the taper will be excluded from the study. Study subjects using their antidepressant medication for management of nicotine dependence, chronic pain, migraine prophylaxis or other diagnoses will not be eligible for the study. Trazodone, Melatonin, and Diphenhydramine may be used as rescue medications for insomnia. Benzodiazepines may be used for treatment of anxiety and atomoxetine may be used for the treatment of attention deficit disorder. Study subjects currently on antipsychotic medications (e.g., typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs) and mood stabilizing agents (e.g., lithium, carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, gabapentin, or other anticonvulsants) are not eligible for the study with the exception of those starting quetiapine after baseline. Subjects unable to give informed consent are excluded. Pregnant subjects will be excluded.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
This study is one component of a larger U01 grant that was submitted in August, 2004 to the NIGMS as part of the Pharmacogenomic Research Network. This study will enroll 1200 patients over 4 years.
It is known that functionally significant genetic polymorphisms for the cytochrome P450 (CYPs) can contribute to individual differences in response to specific selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, a better understanding of the pharmacogenomics of both PK and PD for SSRI antidepressants will inform clinical practice. Therefore, we propose to evaluate the contribution of pharmacogenomics to variation in response to the highly specific SSRIs citalopram (a racemic mixture) and escitalopram (a chiral compound containing the active S-isomer of citalopram ) by correlating both PK and PD variation for these agents with intragene haplotypes in genes encoding proteins involved in citalopram metabolism, as well as central nervous system (CNS) pathways for monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis, metabolism, storage, release, reuptake, and receptors. In the future this "candidate pathway" intragene haplotype genotyping strategy will also be complemented by the application of genome-wide screens performed with DNA from subjects with extreme phenotypes for response to citalopram.
Phenotypes to be measured before and after the initiation of citalopram or escitalopram therapy will include determinations of serum citalopram and metabolite concentrations, treatment response as measured by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression indices, and number and severity of side effects as determined by structured questionnaires. The hypothesis to be tested is that inherited variation in citalopram metabolism and transport (PK) and/or PD variation as a result of inherited variation in monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis, metabolism, reuptake, storage, receptors or signaling contribute to individual variation in citalopram antidepressant efficacy and/or side effects.
- Conditions
- Depression
- Being tested
- citalopram and escitalopram
- Keywords
- Depression, Antidepressants
- Medical subject headings
- Depression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
citalopram and escitalopramDrug
escitalopram tablets starting at 10 mg, increase to 20 mg at 4 weeks if QIDS-C16 > 5, keep at same dose if QIDS-C16 < 5.
citalopram tablet or solution starting at 2o mg, increase to 40 mg at 4 weeks if QIDS-C16 > 5, keep at same dose if QIDS-C16 < 5.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Citalopram and escitalopram | Experimental | Citalopram tablet or solution starting at 20 mg, increase to 40 mg at 4 weeks if QIDS-C16 > 5, keep at same dose if QIDS-C16 < 5.
Escitalopram tablets starting at 10 mg, increase to 20 mg at 4 weeks if QIDS-C16 > 5, keep at same dose if QIDS-C16 < 5. Receives: Drug: citalopram and escitalopram |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The change in HRS-D17 will constitute the major research outcome measure used to assess drug response phenotype because it is widely used in psychiatric research, making it possible to perform comparisons with other studies.
Measured: baseline, 4 week and 8 week visits
Secondary outcomes (1)
QIDS-C16 (obtained by the CRC), and the QIDS-SR16
Measured: week 0, 4, and 8
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Feb 2008 (estimated)
- Study startMar 2005
- Primary completionMay 2013
- Study completionMay 2013
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DepressionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Mayo ClinicThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 927 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Mayo Clinic
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Daniel K. Hall-Flavin, Mayo Clinic
- Investigators
- Daniel K Hall-Flavin, M.D., Principal investigator, Mayo Clinic
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00613470
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 170-05
- Other IDs
- U01GM061388, UL1RR024150
- Acronym
- PGRN-SSRI
- Status last verified
- Dec 2013
- First submitted
- 30 Jan 2008
- Last updated
- 18 Dec 2013
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Liu D, Ray B, Neavin DR, Zhang J, Athreya AP, Biernacka JM, Bobo WV, Hall-Flavin DK, Skime MK, Zhu H, Jenkins GD, Batzler A, Kalari KR, Boakye-Agyeman F, Matson WR, Bhasin SS, Mushiroda T, Nakamura Y, Kubo M, Iyer RK, Wang L, Frye MA, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Weinshilboum RM. Beta-defensin 1, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and plasma kynurenine in major depressive disorder: metabolomics-informed genomics. Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Jan 10;8(1):10. doi: 10.1038/s41398-017-0056-8.
PubMed 29317604Mrazek DA, Biernacka JM, McAlpine DE, Benitez J, Karpyak VM, Williams MD, Hall-Flavin DK, Netzel PJ, Passov V, Rohland BM, Shinozaki G, Hoberg AA, Snyder KA, Drews MS, Skime MK, Sagen JA, Schaid DJ, Weinshilboum R, Katzelnick DJ. Treatment outcomes of depression: the pharmacogenomic research network antidepressant medication pharmacogenomic study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014 Jun;34(3):313-7. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000099.
PubMed 24743713Ji Y, Biernacka J, Snyder K, Drews M, Pelleymounter LL, Colby C, Wang L, Mrazek DA, Weinshilboum RM. Catechol O-methyltransferase pharmacogenomics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor response. Pharmacogenomics J. 2012 Feb;12(1):78-85. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2010.69. Epub 2010 Sep 28.
PubMed 20877297
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Dec 2013. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Citalopram and Escitalopram
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00613470
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PGRN-SSRI / 170-05
- Conditions
- Depression
- Keywords
- Depression, Antidepressants
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 927 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Mayo ClinicUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)
- Study start
- Mar 2005
- Primary completion
- May 2013 (actual)
- Study completion
- May 2013 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Feb 2008 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study is one component of a larger U01 grant that was submitted in August, 2004 to the NIGMS as part of the Pharmacogenomic Research Network. This study will enroll 1200 patients over 4 years.
It is known that functionally significant genetic polymorphisms for the cytochrome P450 (CYPs) can contribute to individual differences in response to specific selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, a better understanding of the pharmacogenomics of both PK and PD for SSRI antidepressants will inform clinical practice. Therefore, we propose to evaluate the contribution of pharmacogenomics to variation in response to the highly specific SSRIs citalopram (a racemic mixture) and escitalopram (a chiral compound containing the active S-isomer of citalopram ) by correlating both PK and PD variation for these agents with intragene haplotypes in genes encoding proteins involved in citalopram metabolism, as well as central nervous system (CNS) pathways for monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis, metabolism, storage, release, reuptake, and receptors. In the future this "candidate pathway" intragene haplotype genotyping strategy will also be complemented by the application of genome-wide screens performed with DNA from subjects with extreme phenotypes for response to citalopram.
Phenotypes to be measured before and after the initiation of citalopram or escitalopram therapy will include determinations of serum citalopram and metabolite concentrations, treatment response as measured by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression indices, and number and severity of side effects as determined by structured questionnaires. The hypothesis to be tested is that inherited variation in citalopram metabolism and transport (PK) and/or PD variation as a result of inherited variation in monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis, metabolism, reuptake, storage, receptors or signaling contribute to individual variation in citalopram antidepressant efficacy and/or side effects.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Citalopram and escitalopram | Experimental | Drug: citalopram and escitalopramCitalopram tablet or solution starting at 20 mg, increase to 40 mg at 4 weeks if QIDS-C16 > 5, keep at same dose if QIDS-C16 < 5. Escitalopram tablets starting at 10 mg, increase to 20 mg at 4 weeks if QIDS-C16 > 5, keep at same dose if QIDS-C16 < 5. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Outpatients or inpatients with nonpsychotic MDD.
- A score of >14 on the HRS-D17 (equivalent to 10 or greater on PHQ-9 which is used in primary care to assess depression) given that when medication exceeds the effect of placebo in primary care participants have a HRS-D17 >12. We added 2 HRS-D17 points to take into account the possibility of measurement error.
- Outpatients or inpatients for whom antidepressant treatment is deemed appropriate by the treating clinician.
- Subjects who are between 18-85 years of age.
- Participants who have general medical conditions (GMCs) which could conceivably be physiologically causing their depressive symptoms will receive treatment as usual for their GMCs as well as for their MDD.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Subjects with medical contraindications that preclude citalopram or escitalopram treatment and those who have previously failed to respond to citalopram or escitalopram will be excluded. In addition, patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or who have Bipolar I disorder will be excluded because they have a primary psychiatric condition that requires a different initial treatment. Subjects currently on antidepressant medication with subtherapeutic results in terms of depression management will undergo a medication taper and discontinuation prior to initiation of citalopram or escitalopram treatment. The subject will be closely monitored by the primary physician or psychiatrist during the medication taper and discontinuation phase. The medication taper is left upto the treating physician's or psychiatrist's discretion. Study subjects who cannot be safely tapered from their medication or experience adverse effects during the taper will be excluded from the study. Study subjects using their antidepressant medication for management of nicotine dependence, chronic pain, migraine prophylaxis or other diagnoses will not be eligible for the study. Trazodone, Melatonin, and Diphenhydramine may be used as rescue medications for insomnia. Benzodiazepines may be used for treatment of anxiety and atomoxetine may be used for the treatment of attention deficit disorder. Study subjects currently on antipsychotic medications (e.g., typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs) and mood stabilizing agents (e.g., lithium, carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, gabapentin, or other anticonvulsants) are not eligible for the study with the exception of those starting quetiapine after baseline. Subjects unable to give informed consent are excluded. Pregnant subjects will be excluded.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| citalopram and escitalopramescitalopram tablets starting at 10 mg, increase to 20 mg at 4 weeks if QIDS-C16 > 5, keep at same dose if QIDS-C16 < 5. citalopram tablet or solution starting at 2o mg, increase to 40 mg at 4 weeks if QIDS-C16 > 5, keep at same dose if QIDS-C16 < 5. | Drug | Citalopram and escitalopram |
Primary outcome
The change in HRS-D17 will constitute the major research outcome measure used to assess drug response phenotype because it is widely used in psychiatric research, making it possible to perform comparisons with other studies.
Time frame: baseline, 4 week and 8 week visits
1 secondary outcome
QIDS-C16 (obtained by the CRC), and the QIDS-SR16
Time frame: week 0, 4, and 8
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Dec 2013.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 29317604Liu D, Ray B, Neavin DR, Zhang J, Athreya AP, Biernacka JM, Bobo WV, Hall-Flavin DK, Skime MK, Zhu H, Jenkins GD, Batzler A, Kalari KR, Boakye-Agyeman F, Matson WR, Bhasin SS, Mushiroda T, Nakamura Y, Kubo M, Iyer RK, Wang L, Frye MA, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Weinshilboum RM. Beta-defensin 1, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and plasma kynurenine in major depressive disorder: metabolomics-informed genomics. Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Jan 10;8(1):10. doi: 10.1038/s41398-017-0056-8.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 24743713Mrazek DA, Biernacka JM, McAlpine DE, Benitez J, Karpyak VM, Williams MD, Hall-Flavin DK, Netzel PJ, Passov V, Rohland BM, Shinozaki G, Hoberg AA, Snyder KA, Drews MS, Skime MK, Sagen JA, Schaid DJ, Weinshilboum R, Katzelnick DJ. Treatment outcomes of depression: the pharmacogenomic research network antidepressant medication pharmacogenomic study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014 Jun;34(3):313-7. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000099.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 20877297Ji Y, Biernacka J, Snyder K, Drews M, Pelleymounter LL, Colby C, Wang L, Mrazek DA, Weinshilboum RM. Catechol O-methyltransferase pharmacogenomics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor response. Pharmacogenomics J. 2012 Feb;12(1):78-85. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2010.69. Epub 2010 Sep 28.
Related trials for Depression
Recruiting
Unified Protocol in Penitentiary Facilities
Depression Disorders, Anxiety
Not yet recruiting
Preventive and Personalized Digital Emotion Regulation Skills Intervention to Reduce Depression and Anxiety in Youths With Adverse Childhood Experiences
Adverse Childhood Experience, Depression / Major Depressive Disorder
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Functional Impact of Psychological Symptoms in Patients With Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome (SSCD): a National Cross-sectional Study
Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence
Recruiting
Trial Phase: Syndemic Adapted Medly Uganda
Mental Health
Recruiting
Cultural Adaptation of an Online Parenting Intervention to Reduce the Risk of Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents
Risk of Depression and Anxiety
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Daniel K Hall-Flavin, M.D. principal investigator
Mayo Clinic
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing citalopram and escitalopram in people with Depression, run by Mayo Clinic at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Dec 2013. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The change in HRS-D17 will constitute the major research outcome measure used to assess drug response phenotype because it is widely used in psychiatric research, making it possible to perform comparisons with other studies. (time frame: baseline, 4 week and 8 week visits). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00613470, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Dec 2013.