HypertensionNCT00627861
Combined Renin Inhibition/Beta-blockade
A study testing Aliskiren and Extended-release metoprolol in people with Hypertension, run by The Rogosin Institute at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Antihypertensive drug treatment is effective in only about 50% of patients. One mechanism responsible for treatment failure is a drug related stimulation of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone-system (RAAS). Several classes of medications that treat hypertension by blocking the RAAS system have been developed. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Hypertension
- What is being tested?
- Aliskiren and Extended-release metoprolol
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Nov 2008to May 2010
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Twenty subjects with a history of hypertension with the following inclusion criteria will be enrolled:
- Age 18-80 years
- Stage 1 (systolic 140-159 mm Hg or diastolic 90-99 mmHg) or Stage 2 (systolic >160 mm Hg or diastolic >100 mmHg) or current treatment with antihypertensive medication.
- PRA ≥0.65 ng/ml/h. If PRA is below this level during the screening period, due to treatment with a beta-blocker or central α2-receptor agonist, the subject may be enrolled and the PRA level re-checked after treatment is tapered off.
Who cannot join
- History of diabetes requiring pharmacologic treatment with an oral or parenteral hypoglycemic agent, including insulin
- TIA, stroke or myocardial infarction
- History of asthma or COPD
- Cockcroft Gault estimated GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2
- Previous adverse events during treatment with a β-blocker or aliskiren
- ALT level twice normal
Show all 10Show fewer
- Secondary forms of hypertension (e.g., renovascular, primary aldosteronism)
- PRA<0.65 ng/ml/h after discontinuation of antihypertensive medication
- Systolic BP>180 mm Hg, diastolic BP>105 mm Hg
- Pregnant or breastfeeding, or planning pregnancy during the study period
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Renin System Responses to Combined Renin Inhibition and Beta Adrenergic Blockade
Antihypertensive drug treatment is effective in only about 50% of patients. One mechanism responsible for treatment failure is a drug related stimulation of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone-system (RAAS). Several classes of medications that treat hypertension by blocking the RAAS system have been developed. However, the kidney responds to these drug treatments by producing greater amounts of renin. This high level of renin can reduce the effectiveness of some of these medications, ultimately causing the blood pressure to rise. This is one reason why blood pressure can be difficult to control in a certain percentage of patients.
The hypothesis to be tested in the proposed study is that beta-adrenergic blockade (β-blockade), when superimposed upon aliskiren, a drug that competitively inhibits plasma renin activity (PRA) but stimulates the release of renin by the kidneys (plasma renin concentration [PRC]), can suppress the reactive increase in PRC that occurs during aliskiren monotherapy.
The primary aim of this study is to measure plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) levels during renin inhibition with aliskiren and combined renin inhibition/β-blocker treatment to determine whether the addition of a β-blocker attenuates the rise in plasma renin concentration (PRC). A secondary aim is to determine whether combined treatment further suppresses PRA and blood pressure.
Read the detailed description
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a central role in the maintenance of normal blood pressure (BP) homeostasis. Derangements in the regulation of this system, predominantly due to the failure to appropriately suppress renin secretion by the kidney, contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension and its cardiovascular, renal and cerebrovascular complications.
Several classes of antihypertensive medications that interrupt the RAAS have been developed. These include agents that block angiotensin II (Ang II) binding to the AT1 receptor (Ang II receptor blockers [ARB]), inhibit conversion of Ang I to Ang II (angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors), and suppress renal secretion of renin (beta-adrenergic receptor blocker). These agents effectively lower BP, particularly in the hypertensive patient with an unsuppressed plasma renin activity (PRA) level, and significantly improve survival in cardiovascular diseases in which PRA levels are often elevated (e.g., heart failure, myocardial infarction).
Renin secretion is regulated, in part, by feedback inhibition due to Ang II binding to the juxtaglomerular cell (JG). Interruption of Ang II generation or its receptor binding during treatment with an ACE inhibitor or ARB, respectively, stimulates renin secretion because feedback inhibition is attenuated and renal perfusion pressure is reduced. The consequent, reactive rise in PRA that occurs during treatment with these drugs can limit their antihypertensive efficacy because Ang I and subsequently, Ang II levels increase.
These observations reinforce the theoretical and practical importance of pharmacologic suppression of renin secretion to prevent the reactive rise in PRA that occurs during treatment with ACE inhibitors and ARBs. β-blockers suppress renin secretion by inhibiting β1-adrenergic receptors located on JG cells. PRA and Ang II levels are highly correlated and these decrease commensurately during treatment with a β-blocker.
Aliskiren is an orally active, non-peptide renin inhibitor. Its antihypertensive efficacy is due to the competitive antagonism of the renin-mediated conversion of angiotensinogen to Ang I. During aliskiren treatment, PRA and Ang II levels decrease significantly. Unlike β-blockade, in which the PRA level decreases as a consequence of reduced renal secretion of renin, aliskiren treatment decreases PRA in response to the direct, competitive inhibition of renin. Although PRA decreases, the aliskiren-mediated decrease in plasma Ang II level stimulates renal renin secretion. Therefore, although aliskiren and β-blockers both decrease PRA levels, they have divergent effects on the plasma concentration of renin (PRC): β-blockers decrease it and aliskiren increases it. The reactive rise in PRC has potential implications regarding the antihypertensive efficacy of aliskiren - high PRC levels theoretically can overcome the competitive inhibition of renin by aliskiren, thereby increasing PRA, Ang II, and BP.
Aliskiren has been studied as monotherapy and in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, including hydrochlorothiazide, valsartan, and amlodipine. It has not been studied in the presence of a β-blocker. Proposals for future studies include pursuing whether or not there are hypertensives who are resistant to aliskiren, what the mechanism(s) is for the resistance and ways to overcome the resistance.
This is a prospective, open-label study of the effect of the sequential addition of a β-blocker (extended release metoprolol) to aliskiren on the levels of plasma renin activity and plasma renin concentration in subjects with uncomplicated hypertension.
- Conditions
- Hypertension
- Being tested
- Aliskiren, Extended-release metoprolol
- Medical subject headings
- Hypertension
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AliskirenDrug
Also called Tekturna
150mg orally daily for 6 weeks. Dose may increase to 300mg orally daily dependent upon blood pressure parameters set by the protocol.
Extended-release metoprololDrug
Also called Toprol-XL
50mg orally daily for 1 week, dose will increase to 100mg orally daily or decrease to 25mg daily for a second week dependent upon blood pressure parameters set by the protocol. Subjects will take metoprolol for a total of 2 weeks, then be tapered off of it over 5-7 days.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Aliskiren and metoprolol succinate | Experimental | Not described Receives: Drug: Aliskiren; Drug: Extended-release metoprolol |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Plasma Renin Concentration
Measured: 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th weeks
Secondary outcomes (2)
Plasma Renin Activity
The blood test, plasma renin activity or PRA, is being measured during the visits outlined.
Measured: screening, 4th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th weeks
Blood Pressure
Measured: all visits (weekly for 12 weeks)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Mar 2008 (estimated)
- Study startNov 2008
- Primary completionMay 2010
- Study completionMay 2010
Why it stopped: The renin laboratory used in the study is no longer available.
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HypertensionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 1 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The Rogosin Institute
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jon D Blumenfeld, M.D., Principal investigator, The Rogosin Institute
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00627861
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 0712009564
- Status last verified
- Oct 2015
- First submitted
- 24 Feb 2008
- Last updated
- 24 Nov 2015
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Staessen JA, Li Y, Richart T. Oral renin inhibitors. Lancet. 2006 Oct 21;368(9545):1449-56. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69442-7.
PubMed 17055947Nussberger J, Wuerzner G, Jensen C, Brunner HR. Angiotensin II suppression in humans by the orally active renin inhibitor Aliskiren (SPP100): comparison with enalapril. Hypertension. 2002 Jan;39(1):E1-8. doi: 10.1161/hy0102.102293.
PubMed 11799102Sealey JE, Laragh JH. Aliskiren, the first renin inhibitor for treating hypertension: reactive renin secretion may limit its effectiveness. Am J Hypertens. 2007 May;20(5):587-97. doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.04.001.
PubMed 17485026Oparil S, Yarows SA, Patel S, Fang H, Zhang J, Satlin A. Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2007 Jul 21;370(9583):221-229. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61124-6.
PubMed 17658393Blumenfeld JD, Sealey JE, Mann SJ, Bragat A, Marion R, Pecker MS, Sotelo J, August P, Pickering TG, Laragh JH. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade as a therapeutic approach for suppressing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens. 1999 May;12(5):451-9. doi: 10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00005-9.
PubMed 10342782
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Nov 2015. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Renin System Responses to Combined Renin Inhibition and Beta Adrenergic Blockade
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00627861
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 0712009564
- Conditions
- Hypertension
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- TerminatedReason stopped: The renin laboratory used in the study is no longer available.
- Enrolment
- 1 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- The Rogosin InstituteUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Nov 2008
- Primary completion
- May 2010 (actual)
- Study completion
- May 2010 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Mar 2008 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 28 Sep 2011
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Antihypertensive drug treatment is effective in only about 50% of patients. One mechanism responsible for treatment failure is a drug related stimulation of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone-system (RAAS). Several classes of medications that treat hypertension by blocking the RAAS system have been developed. However, the kidney responds to these drug treatments by producing greater amounts of renin. This high level of renin can reduce the effectiveness of some of these medications, ultimately causing the blood pressure to rise. This is one reason why blood pressure can be difficult to control in a certain percentage of patients.
The hypothesis to be tested in the proposed study is that beta-adrenergic blockade (β-blockade), when superimposed upon aliskiren, a drug that competitively inhibits plasma renin activity (PRA) but stimulates the release of renin by the kidneys (plasma renin concentration [PRC]), can suppress the reactive increase in PRC that occurs during aliskiren monotherapy.
The primary aim of this study is to measure plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) levels during renin inhibition with aliskiren and combined renin inhibition/β-blocker treatment to determine whether the addition of a β-blocker attenuates the rise in plasma renin concentration (PRC). A secondary aim is to determine whether combined treatment further suppresses PRA and blood pressure.
Detailed description
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a central role in the maintenance of normal blood pressure (BP) homeostasis. Derangements in the regulation of this system, predominantly due to the failure to appropriately suppress renin secretion by the kidney, contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension and its cardiovascular, renal and cerebrovascular complications.
Several classes of antihypertensive medications that interrupt the RAAS have been developed. These include agents that block angiotensin II (Ang II) binding to the AT1 receptor (Ang II receptor blockers [ARB]), inhibit conversion of Ang I to Ang II (angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors), and suppress renal secretion of renin (beta-adrenergic receptor blocker). These agents effectively lower BP, particularly in the hypertensive patient with an unsuppressed plasma renin activity (PRA) level, and significantly improve survival in cardiovascular diseases in which PRA levels are often elevated (e.g., heart failure, myocardial infarction).
Renin secretion is regulated, in part, by feedback inhibition due to Ang II binding to the juxtaglomerular cell (JG). Interruption of Ang II generation or its receptor binding during treatment with an ACE inhibitor or ARB, respectively, stimulates renin secretion because feedback inhibition is attenuated and renal perfusion pressure is reduced. The consequent, reactive rise in PRA that occurs during treatment with these drugs can limit their antihypertensive efficacy because Ang I and subsequently, Ang II levels increase.
These observations reinforce the theoretical and practical importance of pharmacologic suppression of renin secretion to prevent the reactive rise in PRA that occurs during treatment with ACE inhibitors and ARBs. β-blockers suppress renin secretion by inhibiting β1-adrenergic receptors located on JG cells. PRA and Ang II levels are highly correlated and these decrease commensurately during treatment with a β-blocker.
Aliskiren is an orally active, non-peptide renin inhibitor. Its antihypertensive efficacy is due to the competitive antagonism of the renin-mediated conversion of angiotensinogen to Ang I. During aliskiren treatment, PRA and Ang II levels decrease significantly. Unlike β-blockade, in which the PRA level decreases as a consequence of reduced renal secretion of renin, aliskiren treatment decreases PRA in response to the direct, competitive inhibition of renin. Although PRA decreases, the aliskiren-mediated decrease in plasma Ang II level stimulates renal renin secretion. Therefore, although aliskiren and β-blockers both decrease PRA levels, they have divergent effects on the plasma concentration of renin (PRC): β-blockers decrease it and aliskiren increases it. The reactive rise in PRC has potential implications regarding the antihypertensive efficacy of aliskiren - high PRC levels theoretically can overcome the competitive inhibition of renin by aliskiren, thereby increasing PRA, Ang II, and BP.
Aliskiren has been studied as monotherapy and in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, including hydrochlorothiazide, valsartan, and amlodipine. It has not been studied in the presence of a β-blocker. Proposals for future studies include pursuing whether or not there are hypertensives who are resistant to aliskiren, what the mechanism(s) is for the resistance and ways to overcome the resistance.
This is a prospective, open-label study of the effect of the sequential addition of a β-blocker (extended release metoprolol) to aliskiren on the levels of plasma renin activity and plasma renin concentration in subjects with uncomplicated hypertension.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Aliskiren and metoprolol succinate | Experimental | Drug: Aliskiren, Drug: Extended-release metoprolol |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Twenty subjects with a history of hypertension with the following inclusion criteria will be enrolled:
- Age 18-80 years
- Stage 1 (systolic 140-159 mm Hg or diastolic 90-99 mmHg) or Stage 2 (systolic >160 mm Hg or diastolic >100 mmHg) or current treatment with antihypertensive medication.
- PRA ≥0.65 ng/ml/h. If PRA is below this level during the screening period, due to treatment with a beta-blocker or central α2-receptor agonist, the subject may be enrolled and the PRA level re-checked after treatment is tapered off.
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- History of diabetes requiring pharmacologic treatment with an oral or parenteral hypoglycemic agent, including insulin
- TIA, stroke or myocardial infarction
- History of asthma or COPD
- Cockcroft Gault estimated GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2
- Previous adverse events during treatment with a β-blocker or aliskiren
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| AliskirenAlso: Tekturna150mg orally daily for 6 weeks. Dose may increase to 300mg orally daily dependent upon blood pressure parameters set by the protocol. | Drug | Aliskiren and metoprolol succinate |
| Extended-release metoprololAlso: Toprol-XL50mg orally daily for 1 week, dose will increase to 100mg orally daily or decrease to 25mg daily for a second week dependent upon blood pressure parameters set by the protocol. Subjects will take metoprolol for a total of 2 weeks, then be tapered off of it over 5-7 days. | Drug | Aliskiren and metoprolol succinate |
Primary outcome
Plasma Renin Concentration
Time frame: 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th weeks
2 secondary outcomes
Plasma Renin Activity
Time frame: screening, 4th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th weeks
Blood Pressure
Time frame: all visits (weekly for 12 weeks)
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Nov 2015.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 17055947Staessen JA, Li Y, Richart T. Oral renin inhibitors. Lancet. 2006 Oct 21;368(9545):1449-56. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69442-7.
- Results publication: PubMed 11799102Nussberger J, Wuerzner G, Jensen C, Brunner HR. Angiotensin II suppression in humans by the orally active renin inhibitor Aliskiren (SPP100): comparison with enalapril. Hypertension. 2002 Jan;39(1):E1-8. doi: 10.1161/hy0102.102293.
- Results publication: PubMed 17485026Sealey JE, Laragh JH. Aliskiren, the first renin inhibitor for treating hypertension: reactive renin secretion may limit its effectiveness. Am J Hypertens. 2007 May;20(5):587-97. doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.04.001.
- Results publication: PubMed 17658393Oparil S, Yarows SA, Patel S, Fang H, Zhang J, Satlin A. Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2007 Jul 21;370(9583):221-229. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61124-6.
- Results publication: PubMed 10342782Blumenfeld JD, Sealey JE, Mann SJ, Bragat A, Marion R, Pecker MS, Sotelo J, August P, Pickering TG, Laragh JH. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade as a therapeutic approach for suppressing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens. 1999 May;12(5):451-9. doi: 10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00005-9.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jon D Blumenfeld, M.D. principal investigator
The Rogosin Institute
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Aliskiren and Extended-release metoprolol in people with Hypertension, run by The Rogosin Institute at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Nov 2015. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 28 Sep 2011). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Plasma Renin Concentration (time frame: 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00627861, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Nov 2015.