Lumbar Spinal StenosisPhase 4LUSTORNCT00638443
Lumbar Stenosis Outcomes Research (LUSTOR)
A Phase 4 study testing Pregabalin and Diphenhydramine in people with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, run by University of Rochester at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The primary objective of the proposed pilot study is to determine the efficacy of pregabalin in prolonging the time to onset of pain and reducing the severity of pain associated with walking in patients with neurogenic claudication. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 50 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
- What is being tested?
- Pregabalin and Diphenhydramine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 29 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Mar 2008to Sep 2010
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 50 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients must present with clinical symptoms of neurogenic claudication (neurogenic claudication is defined as movement induced leg pain, numbness, heaviness, or vague discomfort in part or all of one or both legs provoked with walking and standing and relieved by sitting, squatting, or forward flexion posturing) and endorse limitation of walking tolerance due to these symptoms
- Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain greater than or equal to 6 in response to the following questions: "Circle one number (from 0=no pain to 10=worst pain)-How would you rate the worst leg and lower back pain you experienced during walking last week?"
- Patients must have confirmatory imaging by MRI or CT scan demonstrating at least one level of lumbar spinal stenosis within 1 year
- Duration of symptoms > 3 months
- Age > 50 years; male or female
Who cannot join
- Past or present existence of movement disorder, e.g., Parkinsonism,or a neurologic disease that might affect the ability to ambulate (e.g., signs/symptoms of cauda equina compression)
- Cognitive impairment preventing full understanding or participation in the study
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Moderate to severe arthritis of the knee or hip that might severely compromise ambulation
- Past or present lower extremity peripheral vascular disease
- Serious concomitant medical illness (e.g., heart disease) that might impair ambulation assessment
Show all 13Show fewer
- Previous lumbar surgery for spinal stenosis (laminectomy with or without fusion) within the past 2 years
- Prior treatment with study drug for neurogenic claudication
- Severe psychiatric disorder
- Mean time to severe symptoms > 15 minutes.
- Epidural steroid treatment within the last three months
- Ongoing treatment with gabapentin
- Hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to diphenhydramine
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
2180 South Clinton Avenue
Rochester, New York, 14618
About this study
Official title: Lumbar Stenosis Outcomes Research (LUSTOR)- A Randomized, Double-blind, Cross-over Trial of Pregabalin vs. Diphenhydramine in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Neuropathic Low Back Pain
The primary objective of the proposed pilot study is to determine the efficacy of pregabalin in prolonging the time to onset of pain and reducing the severity of pain associated with walking in patients with neurogenic claudication. Neurogenic claudication is defined as movement induced leg pain, numbness, heaviness, or vague discomfort in part or all of one or both legs provoked with walking and standing and relieved by sitting, squatting, or forward flexion posturing. The secondary objective is to examine the functional benefit of pregabalin with respect to improvement in duration and distance of walking.
Read the detailed description
Subjects were randomized into one of two treatment sequences: pregabalin/active placebo or active placebo/pregabalin. Each arm lasted 10 days, with a washout period of 10 days between treatments. Pregabalin was administered as a standardized two step titration, starting at 75mg twice daily up to a maximum daily dose of 150mg twice daily; and likewise, diphenhydramine (active placebo) was administered starting at 6.25mg twice daily up to a maximum daily dose of 12.5mg twice daily. The primary endpoint was time to first symptoms of moderate intensity (NRS ≥ 4/10) during treadmill ambulation. Ambulation assessment was performed during the screening visit, and on day 10 of each period to evaluate pain intensity associated with walking as well as distance covered by the patients. Quantitative assessment of ambulation was conducted on a treadmill at 0° ramp incline at 1.2 miles per hour (mph). Measurement of self-reported symptom severity using the NRS at baseline, and every 30 seconds for a maximum of 15 minutes was recorded. The following information was also recorded: time to first symptoms, total ambulation time. The examination was stopped after 15 minutes or at the onset of severe symptoms. Severe symptoms were defined as the level of discomfort that would make patients stop walking in usual life situations. No one was encouraged or prompted to continue walking beyond this point. Patients were instructed to walk with an upright posture. They were not permitted to lean forward or hold onto the handrails during the examination. Secondary outcome measures included area under the curve of present pain intensity with ambulation at each specified time point, final pain intensity with walking, walking tolerance, time to return to baseline pain level after ambulation, as well as the results of a series of pain related questionnaires including: Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Patient Global Assessment (PGA), NRS, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), modified Brief Pain Inventory short form (mBPI-sf), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Swiss Spinal Stenosis (SSS).
- Conditions
- Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
- Being tested
- Pregabalin, Diphenhydramine
- Keywords
- Neurogenic claudication, lumbar spinal stenosis, treadmill testing
- Medical subject headings
- Spinal Stenosis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PregabalinDrug
Also called Lyrica
Pregabalin started at 75mg twice daily for 3 days; pregabalin increased to 150mg twice daily for 7 days; pregabalin reduced to 75mg twice daily for 3 days.
DiphenhydramineDrug
Also called Benedryl
diphenhydramine started at 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days; diphenhydramine increased to 12.5mg twice daily for 7 days; diphenhydramine reduced to 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Pregabalin then Diphenhydramine | Other | Pregabalin started at 75mg twice daily for 3 days; pregabalin increased to 150mg twice daily for 7 days; pregabalin reduced to 75mg twice daily for 3 days; no drug for 7 days; diphenhydramine started at 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days; diphenhydramine increased to 12.5mg twice daily for 7 days; diphenhydramine reduced to 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days. Receives: Drug: Pregabalin; Drug: Diphenhydramine |
| Diphenhydramine then Pregabalin | Other | diphenhydramine started at 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days; diphenhydramine increased to 12.5mg twice daily for 7 days; diphenhydramine reduced to 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days; no drug for 7 days; pregabalin started at 75mg twice daily for 3 days; pregabalin increased to 150mg twice daily for 7 days; pregabalin reduced to 75mg twice daily for 3 days. Receives: Drug: Pregabalin; Drug: Diphenhydramine |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Time to First Symptoms of Moderate Pain
Using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (0=no pain, 10=worst pain imaginable)the time to first symptoms (Tfirst) with a NRS score greater than or equal to 4 (moderate pain level), with treadmill ambulation was measured.
Measured: 10 days
Secondary outcomes (11)
Final Pain as Measured by NRS
Subjects were instructed to walk on the treadmill and to tell the research coordinator to stop testing when they reached the point at which they typically would need to stop and sit down, or until 15 minutes had elapsed. At defined intervals subjects were asked what their pain level was according to the NRS. When the subject reached their maximum distance, they were asked their NRS score. This was recorded as final pain intensity. Using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (0=no pain, 10=worst pain imaginable)the time to first symptoms (Tfirst) with a NRS score greater than or equal to 4 (moderate pain level), with treadmill ambulation was measured.
Measured: 10 days
Total Distance
Subjects were instructed to walk on the treadmill and to tell the research coordinator to stop testing when they reached the point at which they typically would need to stop and sit down, or until 15 minutes had elapsed. When the subject reached their maximum distance, the treadmill testing was stopped. This was recorded as total distance based on number of minutes and seconds walked. Minutes was converted to meters based on calculation of defined speed of the treadmill.
Measured: 10 days
Recovery Time
After the subject completed the treadmill test they were asked to immediately return to the seated position. At this point a timer was started. When the subjects pain level returned to baseline (level of pain subject felt in a seated position before walking) the time was stopped. This was recorded as recovery time. Maximum recovery time is 15 minutes.
Measured: 10 days
Area Under the Curve
Subjects were instructed to walk on the treadmill and to tell the research coordinator to stop testing when they reached the point at which they typically would need to stop and sit down, or until 15 minutes had elapsed. At defined intervals (every 30 seconds) subjects were asked what their pain level was according to the NRS. The area under the curve of present pain intensity multiplied by the amount of time the subject walked.
Measured: 10 days
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
The VAS asked subjects to place a mark indicative of their low back pain during the past day on a 100mm line, with 0mm representing no pain and 100mm representing extreme pain.
Measured: 10 days
Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Score
The ODI is a set of 10 questions each with five choices (maximum score of 5 points per question) designed to determine how back pain has affected the ability to manage everyday life (pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, social life, traveling, and change positions). A total score range of 0-50; score of 0 indicates no disability and a score of 50 would indicate 100% disability.
Measured: 10 days
Swiss Spinal Stenosis (SSS) Score- Symptom Severity
The SSS is a series of questions asking about symptom severity, physical function, and satisfaction. The symptom severity section is a set of 7 questions (maximum score is 5 points per question) and asks to rate pain for each question based on no pain, mild, moderate, severe or very severe pain. The total score (maximum=35) is added up and divided by seven. The maximum score for the symptom severity section (score=5) indicates very severe symptom severity.
Measured: 10 days
Swiss Spinal Stenosis- Physical Function
The SSS is a series of questions asking about symptom severity, physical function, and satisfaction. The physical function section is a series of 5 questions (maximum 4 points per question) and asks to rate function for each question based on comfortably, sometimes with pain, always with pain, no functional ability. The total score (max=20) is divided by five. The maximum score for the physical function section (max=4) indicates no ability to function.
Measured: 10 days
Modified Brief Pain Inventory (mBPI)- Interference Score
The mBPI is a series of questions that rates the severity and impact of pain on daily function. The questionnaire is made up of 4 pain severity items using the NRS scale, and seven pain interference sub-scales. The final interference score is an average of the seven sub-scales (0 indicating no interference and 10 indicating complete interference).
Measured: 10 days
Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire
The RMDQ consists of 24 yes/no statements about activity limitations due to back pain. These questions center on movement, ambulation, and self-care activities. Positive (yes) answers each contribute 1 point to cumulative score with total scores ranging from 0 (no disability) to 24 (severely disabled).
Measured: 10 days
Patient Global Assessment (PGA)
Subjects were asked to rate their low back pain according to the PGA. PGA is the impact of disease activity. PGA was measured on a 5-point scale, where 1=very good, 2=good, 3=fair, 4=poor, and 5=very poor.
Measured: 10 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Mar 2008 (estimated)
- Study startMar 2008
- Primary completionMar 2010
- Study completionSep 2010
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Lumbar Spinal StenosisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 29 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Rochester
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Pfizer
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, John Markman, University of Rochester
- Investigators
- John D Markman, M.D, Principal investigator, University of Rochester
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00638443
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 16697
- Other IDs
- IIR#GA00818X
- Acronym
- LUSTOR
- Status last verified
- May 2016
- First submitted
- 12 Mar 2008
- Last updated
- 20 Jun 2016
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Simon LS, Evans C, Katz N, Bombardier C, West C, Robbins J, Copley-Merriman C, Markman J, Coombs JH. Preliminary development of a responder index for chronic low back pain. J Rheumatol. 2007 Jun;34(6):1386-91.
PubMed 17552065Markman JD, Dworkin RH. Ion channel targets and treatment efficacy in neuropathic pain. J Pain. 2006 Jan;7(1 Suppl 1):S38-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2005.09.008.
PubMed 16427000Deen HG Jr, Zimmerman RS, Lyons MK, McPhee MC, Verheijde JL, Lemens SM. Test-retest reproducibility of the exercise treadmill examination in lumbar spinal stenosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000 Oct;75(10):1002-7. doi: 10.4065/75.10.1002.
PubMed 11040847Deen HG, Zimmerman RS, Lyons MK, McPhee MC, Verheijde JL, Lemens SM. Use of the exercise treadmill to measure baseline functional status and surgical outcome in patients with severe lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998 Jan 15;23(2):244-8. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199801150-00019.
PubMed 9474733Stucki G, Daltroy L, Liang MH, Lipson SJ, Fossel AH, Katz JN. Measurement properties of a self-administered outcome measure in lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996 Apr 1;21(7):796-803. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199604010-00004.
PubMed 8779009
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Jun 2016. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Lumbar Stenosis Outcomes Research (LUSTOR)- A Randomized, Double-blind, Cross-over Trial of Pregabalin vs. Diphenhydramine in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Neuropathic Low Back Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00638443
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- LUSTOR / 16697
- Conditions
- Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
- Keywords
- Neurogenic claudication, lumbar spinal stenosis, treadmill testing
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 29 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of RochesterUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Pfizer
- Study start
- Mar 2008
- Primary completion
- Mar 2010 (actual)
- Study completion
- Sep 2010 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Mar 2008 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 20 Jun 2016
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The primary objective of the proposed pilot study is to determine the efficacy of pregabalin in prolonging the time to onset of pain and reducing the severity of pain associated with walking in patients with neurogenic claudication. Neurogenic claudication is defined as movement induced leg pain, numbness, heaviness, or vague discomfort in part or all of one or both legs provoked with walking and standing and relieved by sitting, squatting, or forward flexion posturing. The secondary objective is to examine the functional benefit of pregabalin with respect to improvement in duration and distance of walking.
Detailed description
Subjects were randomized into one of two treatment sequences: pregabalin/active placebo or active placebo/pregabalin. Each arm lasted 10 days, with a washout period of 10 days between treatments. Pregabalin was administered as a standardized two step titration, starting at 75mg twice daily up to a maximum daily dose of 150mg twice daily; and likewise, diphenhydramine (active placebo) was administered starting at 6.25mg twice daily up to a maximum daily dose of 12.5mg twice daily. The primary endpoint was time to first symptoms of moderate intensity (NRS ≥ 4/10) during treadmill ambulation. Ambulation assessment was performed during the screening visit, and on day 10 of each period to evaluate pain intensity associated with walking as well as distance covered by the patients. Quantitative assessment of ambulation was conducted on a treadmill at 0° ramp incline at 1.2 miles per hour (mph). Measurement of self-reported symptom severity using the NRS at baseline, and every 30 seconds for a maximum of 15 minutes was recorded. The following information was also recorded: time to first symptoms, total ambulation time. The examination was stopped after 15 minutes or at the onset of severe symptoms. Severe symptoms were defined as the level of discomfort that would make patients stop walking in usual life situations. No one was encouraged or prompted to continue walking beyond this point. Patients were instructed to walk with an upright posture. They were not permitted to lean forward or hold onto the handrails during the examination. Secondary outcome measures included area under the curve of present pain intensity with ambulation at each specified time point, final pain intensity with walking, walking tolerance, time to return to baseline pain level after ambulation, as well as the results of a series of pain related questionnaires including: Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Patient Global Assessment (PGA), NRS, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), modified Brief Pain Inventory short form (mBPI-sf), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Swiss Spinal Stenosis (SSS).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Pregabalin then Diphenhydramine | Other | Drug: Pregabalin, Drug: DiphenhydraminePregabalin started at 75mg twice daily for 3 days; pregabalin increased to 150mg twice daily for 7 days; pregabalin reduced to 75mg twice daily for 3 days; no drug for 7 days; diphenhydramine started at 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days; diphenhydramine increased to 12.5mg twice daily for 7 days; diphenhydramine reduced to 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days. |
| Diphenhydramine then Pregabalin | Other | Drug: Pregabalin, Drug: Diphenhydraminediphenhydramine started at 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days; diphenhydramine increased to 12.5mg twice daily for 7 days; diphenhydramine reduced to 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days; no drug for 7 days; pregabalin started at 75mg twice daily for 3 days; pregabalin increased to 150mg twice daily for 7 days; pregabalin reduced to 75mg twice daily for 3 days. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 50 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients must present with clinical symptoms of neurogenic claudication (neurogenic claudication is defined as movement induced leg pain, numbness, heaviness, or vague discomfort in part or all of one or both legs provoked with walking and standing and relieved by sitting, squatting, or forward flexion posturing) and endorse limitation of walking tolerance due to these symptoms
- Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain greater than or equal to 6 in response to the following questions: "Circle one number (from 0=no pain to 10=worst pain)-How would you rate the worst leg and lower back pain you experienced during walking last week?"
- Patients must have confirmatory imaging by MRI or CT scan demonstrating at least one level of lumbar spinal stenosis within 1 year
- Duration of symptoms > 3 months
- Age > 50 years; male or female
Key exclusion criteria (13 listed)
- Past or present existence of movement disorder, e.g., Parkinsonism,or a neurologic disease that might affect the ability to ambulate (e.g., signs/symptoms of cauda equina compression)
- Cognitive impairment preventing full understanding or participation in the study
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Moderate to severe arthritis of the knee or hip that might severely compromise ambulation
- Past or present lower extremity peripheral vascular disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| PregabalinAlso: LyricaPregabalin started at 75mg twice daily for 3 days; pregabalin increased to 150mg twice daily for 7 days; pregabalin reduced to 75mg twice daily for 3 days. | Drug | Diphenhydramine then Pregabalin, Pregabalin then Diphenhydramine |
| DiphenhydramineAlso: Benedryldiphenhydramine started at 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days; diphenhydramine increased to 12.5mg twice daily for 7 days; diphenhydramine reduced to 6.25mg twice daily for 3 days. | Drug | Diphenhydramine then Pregabalin, Pregabalin then Diphenhydramine |
Primary outcome
Time to First Symptoms of Moderate Pain
Time frame: 10 days
Using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (0=no pain, 10=worst pain imaginable)the time to first symptoms (Tfirst) with a NRS score greater than or equal to 4 (moderate pain level), with treadmill ambulation was measured.
11 secondary outcomes
Final Pain as Measured by NRS
Time frame: 10 days
Total Distance
Time frame: 10 days
Recovery Time
Time frame: 10 days
Area Under the Curve
Time frame: 10 days
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Time frame: 10 days
Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Score
Time frame: 10 days
Swiss Spinal Stenosis (SSS) Score- Symptom Severity
Time frame: 10 days
Swiss Spinal Stenosis- Physical Function
Time frame: 10 days
Modified Brief Pain Inventory (mBPI)- Interference Score
Time frame: 10 days
Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire
Time frame: 10 days
Patient Global Assessment (PGA)
Time frame: 10 days
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Jun 2016.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 17552065Simon LS, Evans C, Katz N, Bombardier C, West C, Robbins J, Copley-Merriman C, Markman J, Coombs JH. Preliminary development of a responder index for chronic low back pain. J Rheumatol. 2007 Jun;34(6):1386-91.
- Background: PubMed 16427000Markman JD, Dworkin RH. Ion channel targets and treatment efficacy in neuropathic pain. J Pain. 2006 Jan;7(1 Suppl 1):S38-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2005.09.008.
- Background: PubMed 11040847Deen HG Jr, Zimmerman RS, Lyons MK, McPhee MC, Verheijde JL, Lemens SM. Test-retest reproducibility of the exercise treadmill examination in lumbar spinal stenosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000 Oct;75(10):1002-7. doi: 10.4065/75.10.1002.
- Background: PubMed 9474733Deen HG, Zimmerman RS, Lyons MK, McPhee MC, Verheijde JL, Lemens SM. Use of the exercise treadmill to measure baseline functional status and surgical outcome in patients with severe lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998 Jan 15;23(2):244-8. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199801150-00019.
- Background: PubMed 8779009Stucki G, Daltroy L, Liang MH, Lipson SJ, Fossel AH, Katz JN. Measurement properties of a self-administered outcome measure in lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996 Apr 1;21(7):796-803. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199604010-00004.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
John D Markman, M.D principal investigator
University of Rochester
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Pregabalin and Diphenhydramine in people with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, run by University of Rochester at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Jun 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 20 Jun 2016). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Time to First Symptoms of Moderate Pain (time frame: 10 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00638443, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Jun 2016.