Myocardial InfarctionNCT00662467
Warfarin After Anterior ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
A study testing aspirin + clopidogrel and aspirin + clopidogrel + warfarin in people with Myocardial Infarction, run by Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
Following severe heart attacks involving the front wall of the heart (anterior myocardial infarction), patients are at risk of developing blood clots in the main pumping chamber that can cause a stroke. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Myocardial Infarction
- What is being tested?
- aspirin + clopidogrel and aspirin + clopidogrel + warfarin
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- Nov 2006to Jan 2008
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Anterior STEMI
- An ejection fraction less than 40% as per initial LV angiography or echocardiogram
- Randomization possible within hospital admission if anticoagulated with no interruption > 24 hours
- Patient able and willing to give informed consent to participate in this trial
Who cannot join
- history of intracranial hemorrhage
- history of GI bleed last 6 months
- hemoglobin < 90 g/L
- platelet count < 100 x 10exp9/L
- ischemic stroke last 30 days
- intracranial tumor or aneurysm
- significant pericardial effusion
- severe renal failure (creatinine > 250 mmol/L).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Canada1 site
Hamilton Health Sciences-Hamilton General Hopsital
Hamilton, Ontario, L8L 2X2
About this study
Following severe heart attacks involving the front wall of the heart (anterior myocardial infarction), patients are at risk of developing blood clots in the main pumping chamber that can cause a stroke. In the past, studies have shown that a blood thinner (warfarin) can decrease the risk of stroke and clot formation if administered to patients after an anterior myocardial infarction.
However, in today's current practice, certain heart attack patients are commonly treated with two blood-thinning medications (aspirin and clopidogrel) to prevent recurrent heart attacks.
Read more
Thus, a clinical problem is created as physicians are not clear how to treat patients after an anterior myocardial infarction who are at risk of a clot but require aspirin and clopidogrel to keep their blood vessels open. Adding warfarin to the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel will possibly decrease the risk of stroke but increase the risk of bleeding. Currently, there is no good evidence to help guide physicians. As demonstrated by a survey done at the Hamilton Health Sciences, there is a fifty/fifty split between physicians who use dual (aspirin and clopidogrel) versus triple (aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin) therapy in the treatment of similar patients as described above.
The purpose of this study is to address the bleeding and stroke complications in patients after a severe anterior myocardial infarction. Half of the eligible patients will receive dual therapy and half will receive triple therapy. We will compare the incidence of stroke, blood clots, and bleeding complications between the two groups at 3 months.
Read the detailed description
Rationale:
Left ventricular mural thrombus (LVT) remains a common complication after anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with a reported incidence ranging from 12- 17%. Previous studies from the pre-thrombolytic era have shown that warfarin therapy significantly reduces the incidence of LVT and embolic events in patients post anterior STEMI. However, the risk/benefit ratio of warfarin therapy in the setting of early revascularization and dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel remains unknown.
Purpose:
To compare the incidence of death, MI, stroke, embolic events, LVT, and bleeding complications at 3 months in patients with an anterior STEMI and ejection fraction less than 40% treated with ASA and clopidogrel alone versus those treated with aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin (triple therapy group).
Sample Size:
This is a pilot project to help establish the feasibility of conducting a full scale externally funded study. As such sample size calculations are not applicable. The primary aim of the study is to determine the safety and feasibility of conducting a large-scale trial, and this pilot project in not expected to reveal a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups.
Design/Methodology:
All patients will be randomized to either aspirin and clopidogrel alone or to triple therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel and warfarin. The randomization process will be centralized and computer generated. Patients with a clear indication for oral anticoagulation such as atrial fibrillation, LV thrombus, mechanical heart valve, or DVT/PE will not undergo randomization but will be followed as part of a registry of patients on triple therapy. All patients will remain on the allocated therapy for 3 months at which time outcomes will be determined.
Study interventions:
Patients will be treated with either ASA and clopidogrel alone (dual therapy) or with aspirin, clopidogrel and warfarin (triple therapy) in combination for 3 months. Patients in the triple therapy arm will be bridged with intravenous unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, or fondaparinux until their INR is therapeutic, and will be followed by the thrombosis service for the duration of the study.
- Conditions
- Myocardial Infarction
- Being tested
- aspirin + clopidogrel, aspirin + clopidogrel + warfarin
- Keywords
- Myocardial Infarction, Hemorrhage, Thromboembolism, Clopidogrel, Aspirin, Warfarin
- Medical subject headings
- Myocardial Infarction, Hemorrhage, Thromboembolism
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
aspirin + clopidogrelDrug
Dual therapy
aspirin + clopidogrel + warfarinDrug
Triple therapy
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Active comparator | aspirin and clopidogrel Receives: Drug: aspirin + clopidogrel |
| 2 | Experimental | aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin Receives: Drug: aspirin + clopidogrel + warfarin |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Combined death, MI, embolic event (TIA, stroke, non-cns emboli), Major Bleeding, and LVT (as determined by echocardiography) at 3 months
Measured: 3 months
Secondary outcomes (1)
Individual endpoints of LVT at discharge and at 3 months (determined by echocardiography), death, MI, stroke, TIA, non-CNS emboli, and minor bleeding
Measured: 3 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Apr 2008 (estimated)
- Study startNov 2006
- Primary completionJan 2008
- Study completionJan 2008
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Myocardial InfarctionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Investigators
- Jon-David R Schwalm, MD, FRCPC, Principal investigator, McMaster UniversityMayraj Ahmad, MD, FRCPC, Principal investigator, McMaster University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00662467
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 06-281
- Status last verified
- Apr 2008
- First submitted
- 8 Apr 2008
- Last updated
- 21 Apr 2008
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Nihoyannopoulos P, Smith GC, Maseri A, Foale RA. The natural history of left ventricular thrombus in myocardial infarction: a rationale in support of masterly inactivity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989 Oct;14(4):903-11. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90463-4.
PubMed 2794276Asinger RW, Mikell FL, Elsperger J, Hodges M. Incidence of left-ventricular thrombosis after acute transmural myocardial infarction. Serial evaluation by two-dimensional echocardiography. N Engl J Med. 1981 Aug 6;305(6):297-302. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198108063050601.
PubMed 7242633Meltzer RS, Visser CA, Fuster V. Intracardiac thrombi and systemic embolization. Ann Intern Med. 1986 May;104(5):689-98. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-104-5-689.
PubMed 3516044Kupper AJ, Verheugt FW, Peels CH, Galema TW, Roos JP. Left ventricular thrombus incidence and behavior studied by serial two-dimensional echocardiography in acute anterior myocardial infarction: left ventricular wall motion, systemic embolism and oral anticoagulation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989 Jun;13(7):1514-20. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90341-0.
PubMed 2723267Chiarella F, Santoro E, Domenicucci S, Maggioni A, Vecchio C. Predischarge two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular thrombosis after acute myocardial infarction in the GISSI-3 study. Am J Cardiol. 1998 Apr 1;81(7):822-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00003-4.
PubMed 9555769Nayak D, Aronow WS, Sukhija R, McClung JA, Monsen CE, Belkin RN. Comparison of frequency of left ventricular thrombi in patients with anterior wall versus non-anterior wall acute myocardial infarction treated with antithrombotic and antiplatelet therapy with or without coronary revascularization. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Jun 15;93(12):1529-30. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.02.066.
PubMed 15194027Stratton JR, Lighty GW Jr, Pearlman AS, Ritchie JL. Detection of left ventricular thrombus by two-dimensional echocardiography: sensitivity, specificity, and causes of uncertainty. Circulation. 1982 Jul;66(1):156-66. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.66.1.156.
PubMed 7083502Vaitkus PT, Barnathan ES. Embolic potential, prevention and management of mural thrombus complicating anterior myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Oct;22(4):1004-9. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90409-t.
PubMed 8409034Weinreich DJ, Burke JF, Pauletto FJ. Left ventricular mural thrombi complicating acute myocardial infarction. Long-term follow-up with serial echocardiography. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Jun;100(6):789-94. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-100-6-789.
PubMed 6721297Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, Xie JX, Pan HC, Peto R, Collins R, Liu LS; COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 Nov 5;366(9497):1607-21. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67660-X.
PubMed 16271642Sabatine MS, Blake GJ, Drazner MH, Morrow DA, Scirica BM, Murphy SA, McCabe CH, Weintraub WS, Gibson CM, Cannon CP. Influence of race on death and ischemic complications in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes despite modern, protocol-guided treatment. Circulation. 2005 Mar 15;111(10):1217-24. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000157733.50479.B9.
PubMed 15769761Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, Bates ER, Green LA, Hand M, Hochman JS, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lamas GA, Mullany CJ, Ornato JP, Pearle DL, Sloan MA, Smith SC Jr, Alpert JS, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gibbons RJ, Gregoratos G, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Canadian Cardiovascular Society. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation. 2004 Aug 31;110(9):e82-292. No abstract available.
PubMed 15339869
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Apr 2008. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Warfarin After Anterior ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00662467
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 06-281
- Conditions
- Myocardial Infarction
- Keywords
- Myocardial Infarction, Hemorrhage, Thromboembolism, Clopidogrel, Aspirin, Warfarin
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Hamilton Health Sciences CorporationUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Nov 2006
- Primary completion
- Jan 2008 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jan 2008 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Apr 2008 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Following severe heart attacks involving the front wall of the heart (anterior myocardial infarction), patients are at risk of developing blood clots in the main pumping chamber that can cause a stroke. In the past, studies have shown that a blood thinner (warfarin) can decrease the risk of stroke and clot formation if administered to patients after an anterior myocardial infarction.
However, in today's current practice, certain heart attack patients are commonly treated with two blood-thinning medications (aspirin and clopidogrel) to prevent recurrent heart attacks.
Thus, a clinical problem is created as physicians are not clear how to treat patients after an anterior myocardial infarction who are at risk of a clot but require aspirin and clopidogrel to keep their blood vessels open. Adding warfarin to the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel will possibly decrease the risk of stroke but increase the risk of bleeding. Currently, there is no good evidence to help guide physicians. As demonstrated by a survey done at the Hamilton Health Sciences, there is a fifty/fifty split between physicians who use dual (aspirin and clopidogrel) versus triple (aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin) therapy in the treatment of similar patients as described above.
The purpose of this study is to address the bleeding and stroke complications in patients after a severe anterior myocardial infarction. Half of the eligible patients will receive dual therapy and half will receive triple therapy. We will compare the incidence of stroke, blood clots, and bleeding complications between the two groups at 3 months.
Detailed description
Rationale:
Left ventricular mural thrombus (LVT) remains a common complication after anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with a reported incidence ranging from 12- 17%. Previous studies from the pre-thrombolytic era have shown that warfarin therapy significantly reduces the incidence of LVT and embolic events in patients post anterior STEMI. However, the risk/benefit ratio of warfarin therapy in the setting of early revascularization and dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel remains unknown.
Purpose:
To compare the incidence of death, MI, stroke, embolic events, LVT, and bleeding complications at 3 months in patients with an anterior STEMI and ejection fraction less than 40% treated with ASA and clopidogrel alone versus those treated with aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin (triple therapy group).
Sample Size:
This is a pilot project to help establish the feasibility of conducting a full scale externally funded study. As such sample size calculations are not applicable. The primary aim of the study is to determine the safety and feasibility of conducting a large-scale trial, and this pilot project in not expected to reveal a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups.
Design/Methodology:
All patients will be randomized to either aspirin and clopidogrel alone or to triple therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel and warfarin. The randomization process will be centralized and computer generated. Patients with a clear indication for oral anticoagulation such as atrial fibrillation, LV thrombus, mechanical heart valve, or DVT/PE will not undergo randomization but will be followed as part of a registry of patients on triple therapy. All patients will remain on the allocated therapy for 3 months at which time outcomes will be determined.
Study interventions:
Patients will be treated with either ASA and clopidogrel alone (dual therapy) or with aspirin, clopidogrel and warfarin (triple therapy) in combination for 3 months. Patients in the triple therapy arm will be bridged with intravenous unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, or fondaparinux until their INR is therapeutic, and will be followed by the thrombosis service for the duration of the study.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Active comparator | Drug: aspirin + clopidogrelaspirin and clopidogrel |
| 2 | Experimental | Drug: aspirin + clopidogrel + warfarinaspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Anterior STEMI
- An ejection fraction less than 40% as per initial LV angiography or echocardiogram
- Randomization possible within hospital admission if anticoagulated with no interruption > 24 hours
- Patient able and willing to give informed consent to participate in this trial
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- history of intracranial hemorrhage
- history of GI bleed last 6 months
- hemoglobin < 90 g/L
- platelet count < 100 x 10exp9/L
- ischemic stroke last 30 days
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| aspirin + clopidogrelDual therapy | Drug | 1 |
| aspirin + clopidogrel + warfarinTriple therapy | Drug | 2 |
Primary outcome
Combined death, MI, embolic event (TIA, stroke, non-cns emboli), Major Bleeding, and LVT (as determined by echocardiography) at 3 months
Time frame: 3 months
1 secondary outcome
Individual endpoints of LVT at discharge and at 3 months (determined by echocardiography), death, MI, stroke, TIA, non-CNS emboli, and minor bleeding
Time frame: 3 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Apr 2008.
- Background: PubMed 2794276Nihoyannopoulos P, Smith GC, Maseri A, Foale RA. The natural history of left ventricular thrombus in myocardial infarction: a rationale in support of masterly inactivity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989 Oct;14(4):903-11. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90463-4.
- Background: PubMed 7242633Asinger RW, Mikell FL, Elsperger J, Hodges M. Incidence of left-ventricular thrombosis after acute transmural myocardial infarction. Serial evaluation by two-dimensional echocardiography. N Engl J Med. 1981 Aug 6;305(6):297-302. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198108063050601.
- Background: PubMed 3516044Meltzer RS, Visser CA, Fuster V. Intracardiac thrombi and systemic embolization. Ann Intern Med. 1986 May;104(5):689-98. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-104-5-689.
- Background: PubMed 2723267Kupper AJ, Verheugt FW, Peels CH, Galema TW, Roos JP. Left ventricular thrombus incidence and behavior studied by serial two-dimensional echocardiography in acute anterior myocardial infarction: left ventricular wall motion, systemic embolism and oral anticoagulation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989 Jun;13(7):1514-20. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90341-0.
- Background: PubMed 9555769Chiarella F, Santoro E, Domenicucci S, Maggioni A, Vecchio C. Predischarge two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular thrombosis after acute myocardial infarction in the GISSI-3 study. Am J Cardiol. 1998 Apr 1;81(7):822-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00003-4.
- Background: PubMed 15194027Nayak D, Aronow WS, Sukhija R, McClung JA, Monsen CE, Belkin RN. Comparison of frequency of left ventricular thrombi in patients with anterior wall versus non-anterior wall acute myocardial infarction treated with antithrombotic and antiplatelet therapy with or without coronary revascularization. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Jun 15;93(12):1529-30. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.02.066.
- Background: PubMed 7083502Stratton JR, Lighty GW Jr, Pearlman AS, Ritchie JL. Detection of left ventricular thrombus by two-dimensional echocardiography: sensitivity, specificity, and causes of uncertainty. Circulation. 1982 Jul;66(1):156-66. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.66.1.156.
- Background: PubMed 8409034Vaitkus PT, Barnathan ES. Embolic potential, prevention and management of mural thrombus complicating anterior myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Oct;22(4):1004-9. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90409-t.
- Background: PubMed 6721297Weinreich DJ, Burke JF, Pauletto FJ. Left ventricular mural thrombi complicating acute myocardial infarction. Long-term follow-up with serial echocardiography. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Jun;100(6):789-94. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-100-6-789.
- Background: PubMed 16271642Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, Xie JX, Pan HC, Peto R, Collins R, Liu LS; COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 Nov 5;366(9497):1607-21. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67660-X.
- Background: PubMed 15769761Sabatine MS, Blake GJ, Drazner MH, Morrow DA, Scirica BM, Murphy SA, McCabe CH, Weintraub WS, Gibson CM, Cannon CP. Influence of race on death and ischemic complications in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes despite modern, protocol-guided treatment. Circulation. 2005 Mar 15;111(10):1217-24. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000157733.50479.B9.
- Background: PubMed 15339869Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, Bates ER, Green LA, Hand M, Hochman JS, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lamas GA, Mullany CJ, Ornato JP, Pearle DL, Sloan MA, Smith SC Jr, Alpert JS, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gibbons RJ, Gregoratos G, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Canadian Cardiovascular Society. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation. 2004 Aug 31;110(9):e82-292. No abstract available.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jon-David R Schwalm, MD, FRCPC principal investigator
McMaster University
Mayraj Ahmad, MD, FRCPC principal investigator
McMaster University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing aspirin + clopidogrel and aspirin + clopidogrel + warfarin in people with Myocardial Infarction, run by Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Apr 2008. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Combined death, MI, embolic event (TIA, stroke, non-cns emboli), Major Bleeding, and LVT (as determined by echocardiography) at 3 months (time frame: 3 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00662467, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Apr 2008.