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Tay-Sachs DiseaseNCT00668187

A Natural History Study of the Gangliosidoses

An observational study of Tay-Sachs Disease and Sandhoff Disease, run by University of Minnesota at 1 site in United States.

Recruiting

Looking for participants now. Contact the study team or a site below to ask about taking part.

Sites and contacts
Official record
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Trial summary

Hypothesis: To characterize and describe disease progression and heterogeneity of the gangliosidosis diseases. This research study seeks to develop a quantitative method to delineate disease progression for the gangliosidosis diseases (Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM1 gangliosidosis) in order to better… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Any age
How many people
52 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
Dec 2010to 1 Mar 2027
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages Any age
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult, Older adult

Study population: Any infant or juvenile with Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, or GM1 gangliosidosis; and any adult with a late-onset gangliosidosis disease

Who may be able to join

  • Subjects must have a documented gangliosidosis disease.
  • Subjects must be able to complete appropriate neuropsychological and neurobehavioral assessments.
  • Late-onset gangliosidosis subjects must be able to tolerate a head MRI.

Who cannot join

  • 1. There are no exclusion criteria, beyond a desire not to participate.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Jeanine R. Jarnes, PharmD contact

612-626-5131

utzx0002@umn.edu

United States1 site, 1 recruiting
  • University of Minnesota - Pediatric Genetics and Metabolism

    Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455

    Jeanine R. Jarnes, PharmD, 612-626-5131, utzx0002@umn.edu

    Jeanine R. Jarnes, PharmD

    Recruiting

Other trials in United States

About this study

Hypothesis: To characterize and describe disease progression and heterogeneity of the gangliosidosis diseases.

This research study seeks to develop a quantitative method to delineate disease progression for the gangliosidosis diseases (Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM1 gangliosidosis) in order to better understand the natural history and heterogeneity of these diseases. Such a quantitative method will also be essential for evaluating any treatments that may become available in the future, such as gene therapy. The data from this study will be necessary to provide end-points for future therapies, guide medical decisions about treatment, provide objective measurement of treatment outcomes, and accurately inform parents regarding potential outcomes.

Read the detailed description

The infantile form of GM2 and GM1 gangliosidosis diseases ("classic" infantile) is the most common. Infants with Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease or GM1 gangliosidosis appear normal at birth, but at approximately 6-10 months of age begin to manifest progressive weakness and loss of muscle strength, such as loss of the ability to sit up or turn over. They may evidence deafness, and display decreased attentiveness. This is followed by rapid deterioration of motor skills and slowed mental development (neurodegeneration), often with seizures. Retinal involvement leads to visual impairment and eventual blindness. Death typically occurs by the age of five. Currently there is no treatment for Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease or GM1 gangliosidosis.

Late Onset Tay-Sachs disease ("LOTS") occurs in patients beginning in their twenties or thirties, and is characterized by poor motor coordination and psychotic behaviors. Patients with LOTS also have decreased life expectancy, although to a lesser degree than those with infantile or juvenile Tay-Sachs or Sandhoff diseases. Currently there is no treatment for LOTS.

This study is comprised of two different 'arms.' The first arm, entitled Aim 1, will focus on the developmental course of infantile and juvenile Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM1 gangliosidosis. Longitudinal data from individuals with these diseases will be collected in order to delineate the natural history of these diseases. This data will help to objectify disease progression, and can be used to create a disease stage and severity index.

The second arm, entitled Aim 2, will focus on LOTS and will seek to understand the progression of central nervous system disease, with special focus upon cerebellar and frontal systems. This will be accomplished by using quantitative methods including neuroimaging and neuropsychological measures that explore motor and executive functions, visual-spatial and emotional-behavioral dysfunction.

Keywords
Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, Late Onset Tay-Sachs disease, LOTS, hexosaminidase A deficiency, hexosaminidase A and B deficiency, infantile Tay-Sachs disease, adult-onset Tay-Sachs disease, prospective, natural history, GM1 gangliosidosis, gangliosidoses, β-galactosidase, β-galactosidase deficiency, hexosaminidase, hexosaminidase deficiency, Tay-Sachs, Sandhoff, juvenile Tay-Sachs, juvenile Tay-Sachs disease
Medical subject headings
Tay-Sachs Disease, Sandhoff Disease, Gangliosidosis, GM1, Gangliosidoses, GM2, Gangliosidoses, Tay-Sachs Disease, Juvenile

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Study groups in NCT00668187
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Gangliosidosis Diseases Study PopulationThis study observes one cohort: 42 infantile or juvenile Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, or GM1 gangliosidosis affected subjects; and 10 late-onset gangliosidosis disease affected subjects.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Change in Child Developmental Status as Assessed by Neuropsychological Tests

    Neuropsychological testing data will be collected at baseline and annually, that measure fine and gross motor skills, visual tracking and attention, verbal and non-verbal communication, and emotional and social behaviors. For infantile and juvenile Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease and GM1 gangliosidosis-affected subjects, age- and ability-appropriate neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental testing will include instruments such as the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Third Edition), and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales.

    Measured: Upon enrollment; then at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months

Secondary outcomes (9)
  1. Ascertainment of Enzyme Activity Levels

    If either of the following diagnostic measures have been performed in the course of subjects' clinical care not connected with this study, the resulting data will be collected: for Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease-affected patients, levels of hexosaminidase enzyme activity; or for GM1 gangliosidosis-affected patients, levels of β-galactosidase enzyme activity. Determinations of these enzyme activity levels are a requisite part of the diagnostic process in all of the gangliosidosis diseases.

    Measured: Upon enrollment

  2. Medication Regime

    If any medications are given to subjects during the course of subjects' clinical care not connected with this study, the medications will be identified, quantified and recorded.

    Measured: Upon enrollment; then at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months

  3. Clinical Assessments

    Clinical assessments will be performed that measure initial symptomology, along with the appearance and evolution of symptoms over time. For infants and juveniles, these may include: evaluation of motor control, gain and/or loss of developmental milestones, hyperacusis, seizures, macrocephaly, the appearance of retinal "cherry-red spots" ascertained by ocular exam, personal interaction, and reflexes.

    For adults, assessments may include: coordination, psychological disorder, verbal skills, muscle wasting with weakness, fasciculations, and posture abnormalities.

    Measured: Upon enrollment; then at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months

  4. Changes in Child Brain Structure Development and Status, as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Examination

    For infantile and juvenile Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease and GM1 gangliosidosis-affected subjects, if any MRI brain imaging is performed during the course of subjects' clinical care not connected with this study, these MRI brain imaging data will be captured for this study. Any developmental abnormality, and the volumes of specific brain structures imaged, will be measured and the resulting data recorded. If data from multiple MRI examinations performed at different times in any given patient's life become available, the resulting brain structure measurements will be compared across time, and analyzed in order to reveal progressive changes in brain structure, if any have occurred.

    Measured: Upon enrollment; then at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months

  5. Identification of Genetic Mutation(s)

    If any subject's genetic mutation(s) that are responsible for their gangliosidosis disease are identified during the course of subject's clinical care not connected with this study, that genetic mutation information will be collected for this study.

    Measured: Upon Enrollment

  6. Changes in Chitotriosidase Enzyme Activity Levels

    If the following biomarker measures are performed in the course of subjects' clinical care not connected with this study, the resulting data will be collected: plasma and/or cerebrospinal fluid chitotriosidase enzyme activity levels. If these measures are performed repeatedly at different times in the course of subjects' clinical care not connected with this study, the resulting data will be collected each time.

    Measured: Upon enrollment; then at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months

  7. Ascertainment of Ganglioside Levels

    If either of the following diagnostic measures have been performed in the course of subjects' clinical care not connected with this study, the resulting data will be collected: for Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease-affected patients, levels of GM2 ganglioside; or for GM1 gangliosidosis-affected patients, levels of GM1 ganglioside.

    Measured: Upon enrollment

  8. Change in Adult Neurocognitive Status as Assessed by Neuropsychological Tests

    For adult-onset gangliosidosis-affected subjects, neuropsychological testing will be performed at baseline and annually as part of this study. Neuropsychological testing data will be collected using instruments including, but not limited to, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and the Test of Variables of Attention ("TOVA"). The resulting data will be recorded and compared across time, and analyzed in order to reveal progressive changes in subjects' neurocognitive status, if any have occurred.

    Measured: Upon enrollment; then at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months

  9. Changes in Adult Brain Structure Status, as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Examination

    For adult-onset gangliosidosis-affected subjects, an MRI examination of the head will be performed at baseline and annually as part of this study. The volumes of specific brain structures imaged will be measured and recorded. These brain structure measurements will be compared across time, and analyzed in order to reveal progressive changes in brain structure, if any have occurred.

    Measured: Upon enrollment; then at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted29 Apr 2008 (estimated)
  2. Study startDec 2010
  3. Primary completion1 Mar 2027 (estimated)
  4. Study completion1 Mar 2027 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrolment
52 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT00668187
Sponsor's protocol ID
0801M24964
Other IDs
U54NS065768
Status last verified
Mar 2026
First submitted
25 Apr 2008
Last updated
4 Mar 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: De-identified individual data is input to the NIH-funded Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network's Data Management \& Coordinating Center ("DMCC"). Eventually this data will become part of the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes ("dbGaP"), which is part of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Publications

  • Toro C, Shirvan L, Tifft C. HEXA Disorders. 1999 Mar 11 [updated 2020 Oct 1]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1218/

    PubMed 20301397
  • Kaback M, Lim-Steele J, Dabholkar D, Brown D, Levy N, Zeiger K. Tay-Sachs disease--carrier screening, prenatal diagnosis, and the molecular era. An international perspective, 1970 to 1993. The International TSD Data Collection Network. JAMA. 1993 Nov 17;270(19):2307-15.

    PubMed 8230592
  • Neudorfer O, Pastores GM, Zeng BJ, Gianutsos J, Zaroff CM, Kolodny EH. Late-onset Tay-Sachs disease: phenotypic characterization and genotypic correlations in 21 affected patients. Genet Med. 2005 Feb;7(2):119-23. doi: 10.1097/01.gim.0000154300.84107.75.

    PubMed 15714079
  • MacQueen GM, Rosebush PI, Mazurek MF. Neuropsychiatric aspects of the adult variant of Tay-Sachs disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998 Winter;10(1):10-9. doi: 10.1176/jnp.10.1.10.

    PubMed 9547461
  • Frey LC, Ringel SP, Filley CM. The natural history of cognitive dysfunction in late-onset GM2 gangliosidosis. Arch Neurol. 2005 Jun;62(6):989-94. doi: 10.1001/archneur.62.6.989.

    PubMed 15956171
  • Navon R, Argov Z, Frisch A. Hexosaminidase A deficiency in adults. Am J Med Genet. 1986 May;24(1):179-96. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320240123.

    PubMed 2939718
  • Zaroff CM, Neudorfer O, Morrison C, Pastores GM, Rubin H, Kolodny EH. Neuropsychological assessment of patients with late onset GM2 gangliosidosis. Neurology. 2004 Jun 22;62(12):2283-6. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000130498.19019.02.

    PubMed 15210895
  • Utz JR, Crutcher T, Schneider J, Sorgen P, Whitley CB. Biomarkers of central nervous system inflammation in infantile and juvenile gangliosidoses. Mol Genet Metab. 2015 Feb;114(2):274-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.11.015. Epub 2014 Dec 6.

    PubMed 25557439
  • Jarnes Utz JR, Kim S, King K, Ziegler R, Schema L, Redtree ES, Whitley CB. Infantile gangliosidoses: Mapping a timeline of clinical changes. Mol Genet Metab. 2017 Jun;121(2):170-179. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.04.011. Epub 2017 Apr 29.

    PubMed 28476546
  • Nestrasil I, Ahmed A, Utz JM, Rudser K, Whitley CB, Jarnes-Utz JR. Distinct progression patterns of brain disease in infantile and juvenile gangliosidoses: Volumetric quantitative MRI study. Mol Genet Metab. 2018 Feb;123(2):97-104. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.12.432. Epub 2017 Dec 20.

    PubMed 29352662

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Tay-Sachs Disease and Sandhoff Disease, run by University of Minnesota at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Jeanine R. Jarnes, PharmD (612-626-5131, utzx0002@umn.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change in Child Developmental Status as Assessed by Neuropsychological Tests (time frame: Upon enrollment; then at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00668187, which also lists 10 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Mar 2026.

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