SchizophreniaPhase 4PERFECTNCT00761579

Paliperidone Extended Release(ER) Effectiveness Study to Evaluate the Objective Symptom Change and Symptomatic Remission

A Phase 4 study testing Paliperidone in people with Schizophrenia, run by Janssen Korea, Ltd., Korea at 8 sites in South Korea.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of flexibly dosed paliperidone extended-release (ER) in participants with schizophrenia (psychiatric disorder with symptoms of emotional instability, detachment from reality, often with delusions and hallucinations, and withdrawal into the self). Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 18 to 65 years
Conditions the study is for: Schizophrenia
What is being tested?: Paliperidone
Type of treatment: Pill or oral medicine
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 190 participants
Where: 8 sitesSouth Korea
Study dates: Apr 2008to Dec 2010
Phase: Phase 4
Are there results?: Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 18 to 65 years
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

Childbearing potential women who consent to the use of the consistently permissible contraception (oral contraceptive, contraceptive injection, intrauterine device, double barrier method and contraceptive patch)
Participants who are compliant with self-medication or can receive consistent help or support
Participants who need to change the antipsychotic drug to another one for the following reasons among the participants treated with an antipsychotic drug for more than two weeks before the screening (1) Group of lack of efficacy: the antipsychotic drug is clinically required to be changed because there is no or little therapeutic response despite the appropriately dosed antipsychotic therapy (2) Group of lack of tolerance: the antipsychotic drug is required to be changed due to lack of tolerance to the existing antipsychotic drug or the safety issue (3) Group of lack of compliance: the antipsychotic drug is required to be changed due to lack of medication compliance or the participant wants to change the antipsychotic drug)
Have schizophrenia diagnosis by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV)

Who cannot join

Participants with the past history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Participants who are suspicious of having clinically significant risk including suicide or aggressive behavior and are expected to unable to complete the study(based on the investigator's judgment)
Participants with severe preexisting gastrointestinal narrowing (pathologic or iatrogenic) or participants who cannot swallow the drug whole (the study drug must not be chewed, divided, melted or grinded because it can impact the study drug release profile)
Participants with significant abnormal findings in blood chemistry, hematological and urine analyses which are clinically significant at the investigator's discretion
Female Participants who are pregnant or are breast feeding

Trial locations and contacts

8 sites in 1 country.

City, postcode or hospital

8 sites in 1 country

South Korea8 sites

Study site
Busan
Study site
Chunjoo
Study site
Daegu
Study site
Goyang-si
Study site
Ilsan
Study site
Kyounggi
Study site
Kyunggi-Do
Study site
Seoul

Other trials in South Korea

About this study

Official title: An Open-Label Prospective, Non-Comparative Study To Explore The Tolerability, Safety and Effectiveness Upon Transition to Paliperidone Slow-Release Tablet in Schizophrenic Patients

Read the detailed description

This is an open-label, prospective (study following participants forward in time), single arm, and non-comparative study of paliperidone Extended Release(ER) in participants with schizophrenia (after switching from the existing drug to paliperidone ER). The total study duration will be approximately of 48 weeks per participant. The study consists of 2 parts: Screening (that is, 14 days before study commences on Day 1); Treatment (single-oral dose of paliperidone for 48 weeks, dose ranging from 3 to 12 milligram). Efficacy of the participants will primarily be evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Participants' safety will be monitored throughout the study.

Conditions: Schizophrenia
Being tested: Paliperidone
Keywords: Schizophrenia, Paliperidone, Antipsychotics Agents
Medical subject headings: Schizophrenia

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

PaliperidoneDrug
Also called R076477, Invega Slow-Release Tablet
Paliperidone oral tablet was administered once daily at a starting dose of either 3 milligram (mg), 6 mg or 9 mg for 48 weeks, wherein recommended dose was 6 mg and dose range was 3 to 12 mg per day.

Study groups in NCT00761579
Study group	Role	What they receive
Paliperidone	Experimental	Paliperidone oral tablet was administered once daily at a starting dose of either 3 milligram (mg), 6 mg or 9 mg for 48 weeks, wherein recommended dose was 6 mg and dose range was 3 to 12 mg per day. Receives: Drug: Paliperidone

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score at Week 48
The PANSS is a 30-item scale designed to assess various symptoms of schizophrenia including delusions, grandiosity, blunted affect, poor attention, and poor impulse control. The 30 symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale that ranges from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme psychopathology). The PANSS total score consists of the sum of all 30 PANSS items and ranges from 30 to 210. Higher scores indicate worsening. Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Measured: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Positive Subscale Score at Week 48
The PANSS Positive Subscale assesses seven positive-symptoms of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms refer to an excess or distortion of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Measured: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Negative Subscale Score at Week 48
The PANSS Negative Subscale assesses seven negative-symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms represent a diminution or loss of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Measured: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - General Psychopathology Subscale Score at Week 48
The PANSS General Psychopathology Subscale Score assesses 16 general psychopathology symptoms. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 16 (absent) to 112 (extreme psychopathology). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Measured: Baseline and Week 48

Secondary outcomes (6)

Change From Baseline in Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) Score at Week 48
The PSP is 100-point validated clinician-rated scale that assesses degree of difficulty in 4 areas of functioning: socially useful activities, personal and social relationships, self-care, disturbing and aggressive behaviors rated on 6-point scale (1=absent to 6=very severe).Total transformed score from 1 to 100 is generated from raw score based on clinical interpretation of scores generated in 4 areas of functioning, with higher transformed score indicating better function. Total score is divided into 3 levels: 71-100 (mild difficulty); 31-70 (marked difficulty) and 1-30 (severe difficulty). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Measured: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) at Week 48
The DAI-10 is a 10-item questionnaire to assess 1) subjective experience of drug and 2) attitudes and beliefs toward neuroleptics which may influence compliance in schizophrenia participants. It is the binary scale assessing the participant's subjective response. A 'compliant' response is scored as +1; a dysphoric response is scored as -1. A positive sum of items indicates a positive subjective response (SR); a negative sum of scores indicates a negative SR (non-compliant). The final score is the grand total of the positive and negative points. Total score ranges from (-) 10 to (+) 10, higher score indicates positive SR (compliant) and lower score indicates negative SR (non-compliant). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Measured: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Subjective Well-being Under Neuroleptic (SWN-20) Scale Score at Week 48
The SWN-20 scale is a 20 item scale that was originally designed to explore the subjective experience of psychotic participants. The SWN scale contains five sub-scales consisting of four items each: mental functioning (MF), self-control (SC), emotional regulation (ER), and social integration (SI), physical functioning (PF). The total score ranges from a minimum of 20 (poor subjective experience) to a maximum of 120 (excellent subjective experience). SWN scores appear to correlate with measure of objective psychopathology, quality of life and other self-ratings of mood. Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Measured: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Daytime Drowsiness at Week 48
Daytime Drowsiness was assessed by an 11-point visual analog scale. Participants indicated on the 11-point visual analog scale (score ranging from 0 to 100 millimeter) how well they have slept in the previous 7 days, from 0 (very badly) to 100 (very well); and how often they have felt drowsy within the previous 7 days, from 0 (not at all) to 100 (all the time). Scores were averaged for the previous 7 days. Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Measured: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Sleep Quality at Week 48
Sleep quality was assessed by an 11-point visual analog scale. Participants indicated on the 11-point visual analog scale (score ranging from 0 to 100 millimeter) how well they have slept in the previous 7 days, from 0 (very badly) to 100 (very well); and how often they have felt drowsy within the previous 7 days, from 0 (not at all) to 100 (all the time). Scores were averaged for the previous 7 days. Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Measured: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL90-R) at Week 48
The SCL90-R (Derogatis, 1992) measures 9 domains, including somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, which provides a global index of distress, the Global Severity Index (GSI). SCL-90-R includes 90 items rated on 5-point scale, ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). Total scale score range from 0 to 360. Higher scores indicate worsening of disease. Total scale score range from 0 to 360. Higher scores indicate worsening of disease. Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Measured: Baseline and Week 48

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

Apr 2008Dec 2010

First posted29 Sep 2008 (estimated)
Study startApr 2008
Primary completionOct 2010
Study completionDec 2010

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
Other trials for SchizophreniaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 4
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Not applicable
Intervention model: Single group
Masking: None (open label)
Enrolment: 190 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00761579
Sponsor's protocol ID: CR015250
Other IDs: PAL-KOR-4002
Acronym: PERFECT
Status last verified: May 2014
First submitted: 25 Sep 2008
Last updated: 3 Jun 2014
Results posted: Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
Data monitoring committee: No

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

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Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Jun 2014. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: An Open-Label Prospective, Non-Comparative Study To Explore The Tolerability, Safety and Effectiveness Upon Transition to Paliperidone Slow-Release Tablet in Schizophrenic Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00761579
Acronym / sponsor ID: PERFECT / CR015250
Conditions: Schizophrenia
Keywords: Schizophrenia, Paliperidone, Antipsychotics Agents
Phase: Phase 4
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 190 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Janssen Korea, Ltd., KoreaIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
Study start: Apr 2008
Primary completion: Oct 2010 (actual)
Study completion: Dec 2010 (actual)
First posted: 29 Sep 2008 (estimated)
Results: Posted 3 Jun 2014

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Detailed description

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Not applicable
Intervention model: Single group
Masking: None (open label)
Number of arms: 1

Arm	Type	Receives
Paliperidone	Experimental	Drug: PaliperidonePaliperidone oral tablet was administered once daily at a starting dose of either 3 milligram (mg), 6 mg or 9 mg for 48 weeks, wherein recommended dose was 6 mg and dose range was 3 to 12 mg per day.

Who may qualify

Ages: 18 to 65 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult

Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)

Childbearing potential women who consent to the use of the consistently permissible contraception (oral contraceptive, contraceptive injection, intrauterine device, double barrier method and contraceptive patch)
Participants who are compliant with self-medication or can receive consistent help or support
Participants who need to change the antipsychotic drug to another one for the following reasons among the participants treated with an antipsychotic drug for more than two weeks before the screening (1) Group of lack of efficacy: the antipsychotic drug is clinically required to be changed because there is no or little therapeutic response despite the appropriately dosed antipsychotic therapy (2) Group of lack of tolerance: the antipsychotic drug is required to be changed due to lack of tolerance to the existing antipsychotic drug or the safety issue (3) Group of lack of compliance: the antipsychotic drug is required to be changed due to lack of medication compliance or the participant wants to change the antipsychotic drug)
Have schizophrenia diagnosis by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV)

Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)

Participants with the past history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Participants who are suspicious of having clinically significant risk including suicide or aggressive behavior and are expected to unable to complete the study(based on the investigator's judgment)
Participants with severe preexisting gastrointestinal narrowing (pathologic or iatrogenic) or participants who cannot swallow the drug whole (the study drug must not be chewed, divided, melted or grinded because it can impact the study drug release profile)
Participants with significant abnormal findings in blood chemistry, hematological and urine analyses which are clinically significant at the investigator's discretion
Female Participants who are pregnant or are breast feeding

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
PaliperidoneAlso: R076477, Invega Slow-Release TabletPaliperidone oral tablet was administered once daily at a starting dose of either 3 milligram (mg), 6 mg or 9 mg for 48 weeks, wherein recommended dose was 6 mg and dose range was 3 to 12 mg per day.	Drug	Paliperidone

Primary outcome

Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score at Week 48
Time frame: Baseline and Week 48
The PANSS is a 30-item scale designed to assess various symptoms of schizophrenia including delusions, grandiosity, blunted affect, poor attention, and poor impulse control. The 30 symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale that ranges from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme psychopathology). The PANSS total score consists of the sum of all 30 PANSS items and ranges from 30 to 210. Higher scores indicate worsening. Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Positive Subscale Score at Week 48
Time frame: Baseline and Week 48
The PANSS Positive Subscale assesses seven positive-symptoms of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms refer to an excess or distortion of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Negative Subscale Score at Week 48
Time frame: Baseline and Week 48
The PANSS Negative Subscale assesses seven negative-symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms represent a diminution or loss of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.
Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - General Psychopathology Subscale Score at Week 48
Time frame: Baseline and Week 48
The PANSS General Psychopathology Subscale Score assesses 16 general psychopathology symptoms. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 16 (absent) to 112 (extreme psychopathology). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.

6 secondary outcomes

Change From Baseline in Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) Score at Week 48
Time frame: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) at Week 48
Time frame: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Subjective Well-being Under Neuroleptic (SWN-20) Scale Score at Week 48
Time frame: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Daytime Drowsiness at Week 48
Time frame: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Sleep Quality at Week 48
Time frame: Baseline and Week 48
Change From Baseline in Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL90-R) at Week 48
Time frame: Baseline and Week 48

Results and safety

Results posted to the registry on 3 Jun 2014, as reported by the sponsor. Figures are copied from the record, not re-analysed. Full results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Participant flow

Group	Started	Completed
Paliperidone	190	98

Primary outcome: Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score at Week 48

Time frame: Baseline and Week 48. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: Units on a scale

Measure	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Efficacy n = 144	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Tolerability n = 21	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Compliance n = 25
Value	11.57 (16.95)	6.43 (13.94)	16.36 (17.44)

Population analysed: Intent to treat (ITT) population for efficacy included all the participants who received paliperidone extended-release (ER) at least once and who had at least 1 post baseline efficacy assessment.

Primary outcome: Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Positive Subscale Score at Week 48

Time frame: Baseline and Week 48. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: Units on a scale

Measure	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Efficacy n = 144	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Tolerability n = 21	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Compliance n = 25
Value	3.53 (5.23)	1.05 (2.75)	5.00 (6.40)

Population analysed: ITT population for efficacy included all the participants who received paliperidone ER at least once and who had at least 1 post baseline efficacy assessment.

Primary outcome: Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Negative Subscale Score at Week 48

Time frame: Baseline and Week 48. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: Units on a scale

Measure	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Efficacy n = 144	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Tolerability n = 21	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Compliance n = 25
Value	2.53 (4.60)	2.19 (4.07)	3.36 (5.51)

Population analysed: ITT population for efficacy included all the participants who received paliperidone ER at least once and who had at least 1 post baseline efficacy assessment.

Primary outcome: Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - General Psychopathology Subscale Score at Week 48

Time frame: Baseline and Week 48. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: Units on a scale

Measure	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Efficacy n = 144	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Tolerability n = 21	Paliperidone ER: Lack of Compliance n = 25
Value	5.51 (9.41)	3.19 (8.68)	8.00 (8.30)

Population analysed: ITT population for efficacy included all the participants who received paliperidone ER at least once and who had at least 1 post baseline efficacy assessment.

6 secondary outcomes are reported in the full results.

Adverse events

Time frame: Baseline up to Week 48. Other adverse events reported at 2% frequency or more

Group	Serious adverse events	Other adverse events	Deaths
Paliperidone	23 of 190 (12.1%)	109 of 190 (57.4%)	Not reported

Limitations and caveats (from the sponsor): Some Adverse Events summaries were reported based on estimates due to the fact that they were not prepared in the original study report and the relevant definitions of the data elements were not available for these summaries to be regenerated.

Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Jun 2014.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Janssen Korea, Ltd., Korea Clinical Trial study director

Janssen Korea, Ltd., Korea

8 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 4 study testing Paliperidone in people with Schizophrenia, run by Janssen Korea, Ltd., Korea at 8 sites in South Korea.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Jun 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 8 sites in South Korea. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 3 Jun 2014). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score at Week 48 (time frame: Baseline and Week 48). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00761579.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Jun 2014.