Rheumatoid ArthritisPhase 4SWEFOTNCT00764725
Comparison of MTX+Anti-TNF to MTX+Conventional DMARDs in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Who Failed MTX Alone (SWEFOT)
A Phase 4 study testing conventional DMARD combination and MTX plus anti-TNF in people with Rheumatoid Arthritis, run by Karolinska Institutet.
Trial summary
The Swefot trial was designed to compare two treatment strategies for patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (less than 1 year symptom duration): the use of a combination of traditional antirheumatic medications (DMARDs), versus a combination including a newer "biological" anti-TNF medication. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- What is being tested?
- conventional DMARD combination and MTX plus anti-TNF
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 487 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Dec 2002to Dec 2008
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- RA, symptom duration < 12 months
Who cannot join
- Contraindication to any of the trial medications
About this study
Official title: A Prospective Randomized, Open, Multi-Center Trial Comparing TNF-Blockade + MTX to MTX+SSZ+HCQ in Patients With Early RA With an Inadequate Response to MTX
The Swefot trial was designed to compare two treatment strategies for patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (less than 1 year symptom duration): the use of a combination of traditional antirheumatic medications (DMARDs), versus a combination including a newer "biological" anti-TNF medication. In order to make this trial consistent with current practices in rheumatology, all patients were first given the most commonly used antirheumatic medication, methotrexate (MTX). After 3-4 months those patients who had not responded adequately to this treatment were randomized to receive either MTX plus sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine, or MTX plus infliximab. Again, to be truly life-like, the trial allowed patients who could not tolerate one of the added medications to switch in treatment - but keeping with the same strategy - so that sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine could be replaced by cyclosporin A, and infliximab by etanercept. The primary outcome in this trial was the percentage of patients who, after one year of treatment, achieved a "good response" as defined by Eular.
Read the detailed description
The Swefot trial was designed to compare two treatment strategies for patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (less than 1 year symptom duration): the use of a combination of traditional antirheumatic medications (DMARDs), versus a combination including a newer "biological" anti-TNF medication. In order to make this trial consistent with current practices in rheumatology, all patients were first given the most commonly used antirheumatic medication, methotrexate (MTX). After 3-4 months those patients who had not responded adequately to this treatment were randomized to receive either MTX plus sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine, or MTX plus infliximab. Again, to be truly life-like, the trial allowed patients who could not tolerate one of the added medications to switch in treatment - but keeping with the same strategy - so that sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine could be replaced by cyclosporin A, and infliximab by etanercept. The primary outcome in this trial was the percentage of patients who, after one year of treatment, achieved a "good response" as defined by Eular. Secondary outcomes include Eular and ACR responses, HAQ and other QOL assessments, radiographic outcomes, and health-economic outcomes including EQ5D.
- Conditions
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Being tested
- conventional DMARD combination, MTX plus anti-TNF
- Medical subject headings
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
conventional DMARD combinationDrug
Also called MTX=Methotrexate, SSZ=Sulfasalazine, Plaquenil=HCQ
MTX+SSZ+Plaquenil; can be changed to MTX+cyclosporin within protocol
MTX plus anti-TNFBiological
Also called infliximab=Remicade
MTX + infliximab; can be changed to MTX + etanercept within protocol
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| A | Active comparator | MTX+SSZ+Plaquenil Receives: Drug: conventional DMARD combination |
| B | Active comparator | MTX+Infliximab Receives: Biological: MTX plus anti-TNF |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
EULAR individual response
Measured: 12 months
Secondary outcomes (1)
All core set variables; function; x-ray; health-economic
Measured: 6-24 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Oct 2008 (estimated)
- Study startDec 2002
- Primary completionApr 2007
- Study completionDec 2008
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (18)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Rheumatoid ArthritisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Karolinska InstitutetThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 487 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Karolinska Institutet
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Investigators
- Johan Bratt, MD PhD, Principal investigator, Karolinska University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00764725
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- P0 3013 Swefot
- Acronym
- SWEFOT
- Status last verified
- Dec 2008
- First submitted
- 1 Oct 2008
- Last updated
- 23 Dec 2008
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Miller H, Wallman JK, Petersson IF, Saevarsdottir S, Soderling J, Ernestam S, Askling J, van Vollenhoven R, Neovius M. Mortality over 14 years in MTX-refractory patients randomized to a strategy of addition of infliximab or sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 May 14;60(5):2217-2222. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa553.
PubMed 33179071Olofsson T, Wallman JK, Joud A, Schelin MEC, Ernestam S, van Vollenhoven R, Saevarsdottir S, Lampa J. Pain Over Two Years After Start of Biologic Versus Conventional Combination Treatment in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Swedish Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Sep;73(9):1312-1321. doi: 10.1002/acr.24264. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
PubMed 32433827Hambardzumyan K, Hermanrud C, Marits P, Vivar N, Ernestam S, Wallman JK, van Vollenhoven RF, Fogdell-Hahn A, Saevarsdottir S; SWEFOT study group. Association of female sex and positive rheumatoid factor with low serum infliximab and anti-drug antibodies, related to treatment failure in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial population. Scand J Rheumatol. 2019 Sep;48(5):362-366. doi: 10.1080/03009742.2019.1602670. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
PubMed 31244356Hambardzumyan K, Bolce RJ, Wallman JK, van Vollenhoven RF, Saevarsdottir S. Serum Biomarkers for Prediction of Response to Methotrexate Monotherapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the SWEFOT Trial. J Rheumatol. 2019 Jun;46(6):555-563. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.180537. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
PubMed 30709958Levitsky A, Brismar K, Hafstrom I, Hambardzumyan K, Lourdudoss C, van Vollenhoven RF, Saevarsdottir S. Obesity is a strong predictor of worse clinical outcomes and treatment responses in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial. RMD Open. 2017 Aug 9;3(2):e000458. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000458. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 28879052Platten M, Kisten Y, Kalvesten J, Arnaud L, Forslind K, van Vollenhoven R. Fully automated joint space width measurement and digital X-ray radiogrammetry in early RA. RMD Open. 2017 Jun 29;3(1):e000369. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000369. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 28879043Hambardzumyan K, Saevarsdottir S, Forslind K, Petersson IF, Wallman JK, Ernestam S, Bolce RJ, van Vollenhoven RF. A Multi-Biomarker Disease Activity Score and the Choice of Second-Line Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis After Methotrexate Failure. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 May;69(5):953-963. doi: 10.1002/art.40019. Epub 2017 Mar 31.
PubMed 27992691Eriksson JK, Wallman JK, Miller H, Petersson IF, Ernestam S, Vivar N, van Vollenhoven RF, Neovius M. Infliximab Versus Conventional Combination Treatment and Seven-Year Work Loss in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Randomized Swedish Trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2016 Dec;68(12):1758-1766. doi: 10.1002/acr.22899.
PubMed 27015295Hambardzumyan K, Bolce RJ, Saevarsdottir S, Forslind K, Wallman JK, Cruickshank SE, Sasso EH, Chernoff D, van Vollenhoven RF. Association of a multibiomarker disease activity score at multiple time-points with radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial. RMD Open. 2016 Mar 1;2(1):e000197. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000197. eCollection 2016.
PubMed 26958364Levitsky A, Erlandsson MC, van Vollenhoven RF, Bokarewa MI. Serum survivin predicts responses to treatment in active rheumatoid arthritis: a post hoc analysis from the SWEFOT trial. BMC Med. 2015 Sep 30;13:247. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0485-2.
PubMed 26420684van Vollenhoven RF, Bolce R, Hambardzumyan K, Saevarsdottir S, Forslind K, Petersson IF, Sasso EH, Hwang CC, Segurado OG, Geborek P. Brief report: enhancement of patient recruitment in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials using a multi-biomarker disease activity score as an inclusion criterion. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Nov;67(11):2855-60. doi: 10.1002/art.39274.
PubMed 26213309Kastbom A, Forslind K, Ernestam S, Geborek P, Karlsson JA, Petersson IF, Saevarsdottir S, Klareskog L, van Vollenhoven RF, Lundberg K. Changes in the anticitrullinated peptide antibody response in relation to therapeutic outcome in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Feb;75(2):356-61. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205698. Epub 2014 Dec 30.
PubMed 25550338Hambardzumyan K, Bolce R, Saevarsdottir S, Cruickshank SE, Sasso EH, Chernoff D, Forslind K, Petersson IF, Geborek P, van Vollenhoven RF. Pretreatment multi-biomarker disease activity score and radiographic progression in early RA: results from the SWEFOT trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jun;74(6):1102-9. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204986. Epub 2014 May 8.
PubMed 24812287Eriksson JK, Karlsson JA, Bratt J, Petersson IF, van Vollenhoven RF, Ernestam S, Geborek P, Neovius M. Cost-effectiveness of infliximab versus conventional combination treatment in methotrexate-refractory early rheumatoid arthritis: 2-year results of the register-enriched randomised controlled SWEFOT trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jun;74(6):1094-101. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205060. Epub 2014 Apr 15.
PubMed 24737786Saevarsdottir S, Rezaei H, Geborek P, Petersson I, Ernestam S, Albertsson K, Forslind K, van Vollenhoven RF; SWEFOT study group. Current smoking status is a strong predictor of radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Aug;74(8):1509-14. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204601. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
PubMed 24706006
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Dec 2008. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Prospective Randomized, Open, Multi-Center Trial Comparing TNF-Blockade + MTX to MTX+SSZ+HCQ in Patients With Early RA With an Inadequate Response to MTX
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00764725
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SWEFOT / P0 3013 Swefot
- Conditions
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 487 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Karolinska InstitutetUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Dec 2002
- Primary completion
- Apr 2007 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2008 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Oct 2008 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The Swefot trial was designed to compare two treatment strategies for patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (less than 1 year symptom duration): the use of a combination of traditional antirheumatic medications (DMARDs), versus a combination including a newer "biological" anti-TNF medication. In order to make this trial consistent with current practices in rheumatology, all patients were first given the most commonly used antirheumatic medication, methotrexate (MTX). After 3-4 months those patients who had not responded adequately to this treatment were randomized to receive either MTX plus sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine, or MTX plus infliximab. Again, to be truly life-like, the trial allowed patients who could not tolerate one of the added medications to switch in treatment - but keeping with the same strategy - so that sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine could be replaced by cyclosporin A, and infliximab by etanercept. The primary outcome in this trial was the percentage of patients who, after one year of treatment, achieved a "good response" as defined by Eular.
Detailed description
The Swefot trial was designed to compare two treatment strategies for patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (less than 1 year symptom duration): the use of a combination of traditional antirheumatic medications (DMARDs), versus a combination including a newer "biological" anti-TNF medication. In order to make this trial consistent with current practices in rheumatology, all patients were first given the most commonly used antirheumatic medication, methotrexate (MTX). After 3-4 months those patients who had not responded adequately to this treatment were randomized to receive either MTX plus sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine, or MTX plus infliximab. Again, to be truly life-like, the trial allowed patients who could not tolerate one of the added medications to switch in treatment - but keeping with the same strategy - so that sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine could be replaced by cyclosporin A, and infliximab by etanercept. The primary outcome in this trial was the percentage of patients who, after one year of treatment, achieved a "good response" as defined by Eular. Secondary outcomes include Eular and ACR responses, HAQ and other QOL assessments, radiographic outcomes, and health-economic outcomes including EQ5D.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| A | Active comparator | Drug: conventional DMARD combinationMTX+SSZ+Plaquenil |
| B | Active comparator | Biological: MTX plus anti-TNFMTX+Infliximab |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- RA, symptom duration < 12 months
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Contraindication to any of the trial medications
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| conventional DMARD combinationAlso: MTX=Methotrexate, SSZ=Sulfasalazine, Plaquenil=HCQMTX+SSZ+Plaquenil; can be changed to MTX+cyclosporin within protocol | Drug | A |
| MTX plus anti-TNFAlso: infliximab=RemicadeMTX + infliximab; can be changed to MTX + etanercept within protocol | Biological | B |
Primary outcome
EULAR individual response
Time frame: 12 months
1 secondary outcome
All core set variables; function; x-ray; health-economic
Time frame: 6-24 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Dec 2008.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33179071Miller H, Wallman JK, Petersson IF, Saevarsdottir S, Soderling J, Ernestam S, Askling J, van Vollenhoven R, Neovius M. Mortality over 14 years in MTX-refractory patients randomized to a strategy of addition of infliximab or sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 May 14;60(5):2217-2222. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa553.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 32433827Olofsson T, Wallman JK, Joud A, Schelin MEC, Ernestam S, van Vollenhoven R, Saevarsdottir S, Lampa J. Pain Over Two Years After Start of Biologic Versus Conventional Combination Treatment in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Swedish Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Sep;73(9):1312-1321. doi: 10.1002/acr.24264. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 31244356Hambardzumyan K, Hermanrud C, Marits P, Vivar N, Ernestam S, Wallman JK, van Vollenhoven RF, Fogdell-Hahn A, Saevarsdottir S; SWEFOT study group. Association of female sex and positive rheumatoid factor with low serum infliximab and anti-drug antibodies, related to treatment failure in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial population. Scand J Rheumatol. 2019 Sep;48(5):362-366. doi: 10.1080/03009742.2019.1602670. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 30709958Hambardzumyan K, Bolce RJ, Wallman JK, van Vollenhoven RF, Saevarsdottir S. Serum Biomarkers for Prediction of Response to Methotrexate Monotherapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the SWEFOT Trial. J Rheumatol. 2019 Jun;46(6):555-563. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.180537. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28879052Levitsky A, Brismar K, Hafstrom I, Hambardzumyan K, Lourdudoss C, van Vollenhoven RF, Saevarsdottir S. Obesity is a strong predictor of worse clinical outcomes and treatment responses in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial. RMD Open. 2017 Aug 9;3(2):e000458. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000458. eCollection 2017.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28879043Platten M, Kisten Y, Kalvesten J, Arnaud L, Forslind K, van Vollenhoven R. Fully automated joint space width measurement and digital X-ray radiogrammetry in early RA. RMD Open. 2017 Jun 29;3(1):e000369. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000369. eCollection 2017.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 27992691Hambardzumyan K, Saevarsdottir S, Forslind K, Petersson IF, Wallman JK, Ernestam S, Bolce RJ, van Vollenhoven RF. A Multi-Biomarker Disease Activity Score and the Choice of Second-Line Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis After Methotrexate Failure. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 May;69(5):953-963. doi: 10.1002/art.40019. Epub 2017 Mar 31.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 27015295Eriksson JK, Wallman JK, Miller H, Petersson IF, Ernestam S, Vivar N, van Vollenhoven RF, Neovius M. Infliximab Versus Conventional Combination Treatment and Seven-Year Work Loss in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Randomized Swedish Trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2016 Dec;68(12):1758-1766. doi: 10.1002/acr.22899.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 26958364Hambardzumyan K, Bolce RJ, Saevarsdottir S, Forslind K, Wallman JK, Cruickshank SE, Sasso EH, Chernoff D, van Vollenhoven RF. Association of a multibiomarker disease activity score at multiple time-points with radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial. RMD Open. 2016 Mar 1;2(1):e000197. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000197. eCollection 2016.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 26420684Levitsky A, Erlandsson MC, van Vollenhoven RF, Bokarewa MI. Serum survivin predicts responses to treatment in active rheumatoid arthritis: a post hoc analysis from the SWEFOT trial. BMC Med. 2015 Sep 30;13:247. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0485-2.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 26213309van Vollenhoven RF, Bolce R, Hambardzumyan K, Saevarsdottir S, Forslind K, Petersson IF, Sasso EH, Hwang CC, Segurado OG, Geborek P. Brief report: enhancement of patient recruitment in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials using a multi-biomarker disease activity score as an inclusion criterion. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Nov;67(11):2855-60. doi: 10.1002/art.39274.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 25550338Kastbom A, Forslind K, Ernestam S, Geborek P, Karlsson JA, Petersson IF, Saevarsdottir S, Klareskog L, van Vollenhoven RF, Lundberg K. Changes in the anticitrullinated peptide antibody response in relation to therapeutic outcome in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Feb;75(2):356-61. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205698. Epub 2014 Dec 30.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Johan Bratt, MD PhD principal investigator
Karolinska University Hospital
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing conventional DMARD combination and MTX plus anti-TNF in people with Rheumatoid Arthritis, run by Karolinska Institutet.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Dec 2008. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
EULAR individual response (time frame: 12 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00764725, which also lists 18 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Dec 2008.