Peripheral Arterial DiseasePhase 2/3FLAXPADNCT00781950
Effects of Dietary Flaxseed on Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
A Phase 2/3 study testing Flaxseed in people with Peripheral Arterial Disease, run by Dr. Grant Pierce.
Trial summary
This Clinical Trial is being conducted to study how patients with peripheral arterial disease (a condition in which the blood vessels of the extremities are affected) respond to a dietary regimen of flaxseed. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 100 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Peripheral Arterial Disease
- What is being tested?
- Flaxseed
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 110 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Oct 2008to Oct 2016
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 100 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Subjects with peripheral arterial disease for more than 6 months.
- Male or female with claudication secondary to lower extremity atherosclerotic arterial disease. (with limited IC but not incapacitated for walking on the level) confirmed with ankle/brachial pressures< or = to 0.9 in one or both legs) or who have had a previous intervention for peripheral arterial disease.
- Over 40 years old
- Able to comply with protocol requirements
- Able to provide informed consent
- Subjects taking anti-platelet therapy medication must be on a stable dose for 3 months prior to as well as during the study.
- Subjects taking lipid lowering medication must be on a stable dose for 3 months prior to as well as during the study.
Who cannot join
- Patients with ischemic rest pain in limbs, ulceration, or gangrene.
- At baseline, any condition that prevents walking on a treadmill.
- History of major bleeding.
- Patients with bowel disease (including Crohn's disease, celiac disease, peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome and diverticulosis).
- Patients with an estimated life expectancy less than 2 years and with high baseline cardiac risk (post ischemic or diabetic cardiomyopathy with EF<40%, Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class 3 or 4 angina or need for coronary revascularization procedures).
- Moderate to severe renal failure.
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- Subjects that are on supplements other that those prescribed by their clinician for the entire duration of the study.
- Fish limitations (no more than 2 fish meals per week)
- Gluten allergy
- Subjects with allergies to any ingredient in the study product or placebo.
- Patients who plan to undergo surgery during the course of the trial.
About this study
Official title: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Study for Assessment of Dietary Flaxseed on Improving Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
This Clinical Trial is being conducted to study how patients with peripheral arterial disease (a condition in which the blood vessels of the extremities are affected) respond to a dietary regimen of flaxseed. The purpose of the study is to examine whether or not dietary flaxseed have any effect on improving symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, the effects of dietary flaxseed on exercise tolerance will be assessed.
Read the detailed description
The proposed trial is a one year, double blinded, placebo controlled study designed to examine and compare the effects of dietary ground flaxseed supplementation in volunteers with claudication secondary to lower extremity atherosclerotic arterial disease (peripheral arterial disease). The original proposal was for a two year study duration but this was truncated at one year to insure patient compliance remained high. This patient population is likely to benefit from flaxseed because there is a high prevalence of accelerated atherosclerosis and a higher than normal incidence of arrhythmias, myocardial infarctions and stroke. This study will be focus on whether dietary flaxseed can reduce clinical manifestations of peripheral arterial disease and increase exercise capacity in these patients. Two general hypotheses will be tested in this proposal. First, we hypothesize that fewer primary and secondary events (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, stroke, myocardial infarctions, angina, arrhythmias) will occur in patients who ingest flaxseed in their diet. Secondly, we hypothesize that dietary flaxseed supplementation will be associated with beneficial effects on exercise performance, blood pressure and circulating lipid levels. This trial will generate data on the safety, tolerability, cardiovascular efficacy and genomic response to a diet rich in flaxseed in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
- Conditions
- Peripheral Arterial Disease
- Being tested
- Flaxseed, Placebo
- Keywords
- PAD, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, Flax, Flaxseeds, Functional Foods, Essential Fatty Acids, Winnipeg
- Medical subject headings
- Peripheral Arterial Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Atherosclerosis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
FlaxseedDietary supplement
30 grams of milled flaxseed per day in food products or on its own.
PlaceboDietary supplement
Wheat and Mixed Dietary Oils
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Randomized, Blinded Controlled Arm of patients receiving placebo food products (ie: bagels, muffins, bars, pasta, buns, and milled seeds) containing a mixture of wheat and wheat bran to replace the flaxseed daily for one year. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Placebo |
| Flaxseed | Experimental | Randomized, Blinded group of patients that will be given food products (ie: bagels, muffins, bars, pasta, buns, and milled seeds) containing 30 g of milled flaxseed daily for one year Receives: Dietary Supplement: Flaxseed |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of Participants With All-cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Mortality, Stroke, and Myocardial Infarctions
Measured: 1 year
Secondary outcomes (1)
Effects on Exercise Performance, Blood Pressure and Circulating Lipid Levels.
Measured: 1 year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Oct 2008 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2008
- Primary completionMar 2011
- Study completionOct 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Peripheral Arterial DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Dr. Grant Pierce
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Dr. Grant Pierce, St. Boniface Hospital
- Investigators
- Grant Pierce, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Manitoba
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00781950
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 10941-011
- Acronym
- FLAXPAD
- Status last verified
- Oct 2016
- First submitted
- 28 Oct 2008
- Last updated
- 12 Dec 2016
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Caligiuri SP, Rodriguez-Leyva D, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Weighell W, Guzman R, Pierce GN. Dietary Flaxseed Reduces Central Aortic Blood Pressure Without Cardiac Involvement but Through Changes in Plasma Oxylipins. Hypertension. 2016 Oct;68(4):1031-8. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07834. Epub 2016 Aug 15.
PubMed 27528063Edel AL, Rodriguez-Leyva D, Maddaford TG, Caligiuri SP, Austria JA, Weighell W, Guzman R, Aliani M, Pierce GN. Dietary flaxseed independently lowers circulating cholesterol and lowers it beyond the effects of cholesterol-lowering medications alone in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Nutr. 2015 Apr;145(4):749-57. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.204594. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
PubMed 25694068Caligiuri SP, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Guzman R, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Flaxseed consumption reduces blood pressure in patients with hypertension by altering circulating oxylipins via an alpha-linolenic acid-induced inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Hypertension. 2014 Jul;64(1):53-9. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03179. Epub 2014 Apr 28.
PubMed 24777981
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Dec 2016. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Study for Assessment of Dietary Flaxseed on Improving Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00781950
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FLAXPAD / 10941-011
- Conditions
- Peripheral Arterial Disease
- Keywords
- PAD, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, Flax, Flaxseeds, Functional Foods, Essential Fatty Acids
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Dr. Grant PierceUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Oct 2008
- Primary completion
- Mar 2011 (actual)
- Study completion
- Oct 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Oct 2008 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 12 Dec 2014
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This Clinical Trial is being conducted to study how patients with peripheral arterial disease (a condition in which the blood vessels of the extremities are affected) respond to a dietary regimen of flaxseed. The purpose of the study is to examine whether or not dietary flaxseed have any effect on improving symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, the effects of dietary flaxseed on exercise tolerance will be assessed.
Detailed description
The proposed trial is a one year, double blinded, placebo controlled study designed to examine and compare the effects of dietary ground flaxseed supplementation in volunteers with claudication secondary to lower extremity atherosclerotic arterial disease (peripheral arterial disease). The original proposal was for a two year study duration but this was truncated at one year to insure patient compliance remained high. This patient population is likely to benefit from flaxseed because there is a high prevalence of accelerated atherosclerosis and a higher than normal incidence of arrhythmias, myocardial infarctions and stroke. This study will be focus on whether dietary flaxseed can reduce clinical manifestations of peripheral arterial disease and increase exercise capacity in these patients. Two general hypotheses will be tested in this proposal. First, we hypothesize that fewer primary and secondary events (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, stroke, myocardial infarctions, angina, arrhythmias) will occur in patients who ingest flaxseed in their diet. Secondly, we hypothesize that dietary flaxseed supplementation will be associated with beneficial effects on exercise performance, blood pressure and circulating lipid levels. This trial will generate data on the safety, tolerability, cardiovascular efficacy and genomic response to a diet rich in flaxseed in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Dietary Supplement: PlaceboRandomized, Blinded Controlled Arm of patients receiving placebo food products (ie: bagels, muffins, bars, pasta, buns, and milled seeds) containing a mixture of wheat and wheat bran to replace the flaxseed daily for one year. |
| Flaxseed | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: FlaxseedRandomized, Blinded group of patients that will be given food products (ie: bagels, muffins, bars, pasta, buns, and milled seeds) containing 30 g of milled flaxseed daily for one year |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 100 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Subjects with peripheral arterial disease for more than 6 months.
- Male or female with claudication secondary to lower extremity atherosclerotic arterial disease. (with limited IC but not incapacitated for walking on the level) confirmed with ankle/brachial pressures< or = to 0.9 in one or both legs) or who have had a previous intervention for peripheral arterial disease.
- Over 40 years old
- Able to comply with protocol requirements
- Able to provide informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Patients with ischemic rest pain in limbs, ulceration, or gangrene.
- At baseline, any condition that prevents walking on a treadmill.
- History of major bleeding.
- Patients with bowel disease (including Crohn's disease, celiac disease, peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome and diverticulosis).
- Patients with an estimated life expectancy less than 2 years and with high baseline cardiac risk (post ischemic or diabetic cardiomyopathy with EF<40%, Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class 3 or 4 angina or need for coronary revascularization procedures).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Flaxseed30 grams of milled flaxseed per day in food products or on its own. | Dietary supplement | Flaxseed |
| PlaceboWheat and Mixed Dietary Oils | Dietary supplement | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Number of Participants With All-cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Mortality, Stroke, and Myocardial Infarctions
Time frame: 1 year
1 secondary outcome
Effects on Exercise Performance, Blood Pressure and Circulating Lipid Levels.
Time frame: 1 year
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Dec 2016.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 27528063Caligiuri SP, Rodriguez-Leyva D, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Weighell W, Guzman R, Pierce GN. Dietary Flaxseed Reduces Central Aortic Blood Pressure Without Cardiac Involvement but Through Changes in Plasma Oxylipins. Hypertension. 2016 Oct;68(4):1031-8. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07834. Epub 2016 Aug 15.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 25694068Edel AL, Rodriguez-Leyva D, Maddaford TG, Caligiuri SP, Austria JA, Weighell W, Guzman R, Aliani M, Pierce GN. Dietary flaxseed independently lowers circulating cholesterol and lowers it beyond the effects of cholesterol-lowering medications alone in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Nutr. 2015 Apr;145(4):749-57. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.204594. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 24777981Caligiuri SP, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Guzman R, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Flaxseed consumption reduces blood pressure in patients with hypertension by altering circulating oxylipins via an alpha-linolenic acid-induced inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Hypertension. 2014 Jul;64(1):53-9. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03179. Epub 2014 Apr 28.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and MedicineLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Grant Pierce, PhD principal investigator
University of Manitoba
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2/3 study testing Flaxseed in people with Peripheral Arterial Disease, run by Dr. Grant Pierce.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Dec 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 12 Dec 2014). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of Participants With All-cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Mortality, Stroke, and Myocardial Infarctions (time frame: 1 year). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00781950, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Dec 2016.