AzTrials
AzTrials

Type 2 Diabetes MellitusNCT00787839

Opportunistic Screening for Prediabetes and Early Diabetes in Primary Care

An observational study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetic State, run by US Department of Veterans Affairs at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

People who might have prediabetes or unrecognized diabetes will be screened for these problems at an outpatient visit. For screening, they will take a sugary drink containing 50 grams of glucose, and have a blood sample one hour later. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Prediabetic State
What is being tested?
Glucose challenge test and Glucose tolerance test
Type of treatment
Pill or oral medicine
How many people
1,939 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
Jun 2009to Dec 2012
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Study population: initial primary study population will be drawn primarily from veterans receiving primary care at the Decatur Clinic CBOC in metropolitan Atlanta, GA

Who may be able to join

  • veteran status,
  • ambulatory outpatient at Atlanta VA Medical Center,
  • visit to primary care clinic, AND
  • meet criteria for screening (age >= 45 years or other risk factors [body mass index >=25 or hypertension or systolic blood pressure >=140 or HDL cholesterol <35 in men or <45 in women or fasting triglycerides >250 or first-degree relative with diabetes or minority race or minority ethnicity or history of diabetes during pregnancy or history of having a baby weighing >9 pounds or history of polycystic ovary syndrome])

Who cannot join

  • known to have diabetes, OR
  • taking steroids OR pregnant, OR
  • not well enough to have worked during the previous week (actual employment not necessary)

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • Atlanta VA Medical and Rehab Center, Decatur, GA

    Decatur, Georgia, 30033

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Screening for Prediabetes and Early Diabetes in Primary Care

People who might have prediabetes or unrecognized diabetes will be screened for these problems at an outpatient visit. For screening, they will take a sugary drink containing 50 grams of glucose, and have a blood sample one hour later. The blood sample will be tested for glucose and A1c (a measure of blood glucose over the previous two months). They will also fill out questionnaires that ask about their health history and how they would feel about exercising and trying to lose weight if they are found to have prediabetes or diabetes. At a subsequent visit, they will have an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) - a blood sample, then a sugary drink containing 75 grams of glucose, and a repeat blood sample 2 hours later. We will evaluate the costs of finding out if people have prediabetes or diabetes. For people who are found to have these problems, we will also evaluate how well their doctors treat these problems.

Read the detailed description

RELEVANCE TO VETERANS' HEALTH: Lack of a good strategy to identify prediabetes - probably ~10 years prior to the development of diabetes that is recognized clinically - may be the greatest present impediment to diabetes care. We are developing a new way to screen for prediabetes, and it should constitute a major opportunity to improve the health of ~4 million veterans; early recognition of glucose intolerance would permit institution of preventive strategies which are efficacious, convenient, and cost-effective - improving the health of individual veterans, reducing diabetes-related health care resource use and costs for the VA, and helping to spare VA funds for management of other disorders.

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes is a major public health problem which confers risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but veterans with prediabetes are not detected, and cannot receive interventions to reduce their risks; CVD events, health resource use, and cost all rise before diabetes is diagnosed. Diabetes can be prevented or delayed by lifestyle change or medication, but since we do not identify prediabetes, glucose intolerance progresses for 5-10 years, and many patients have early diabetes complications and increased CVD risk when they are finally recognized. We are developing a new screening test for prediabetes, a "glucose challenge test" (GCT): patients have a 50g oral glucose challenge at any time of day, regardless of meal status, with a single 1 hr sample. If the GCT exceeds a cutoff, they have a 75g oral glucose tolerance test after an overnight fast, with 0 and 2 hr samples (OGTT). Our GCRC-based Preliminary Data show ROC AUC 0.83 (70% specificity, 82% sensitivity) and $51 per case identified; the GCT should constitute an effective, convenient, inexpensive, cost-effective screen for prediabetes - a critical indicator of individual, VA health care system, and societal risk.

OBJECTIVES: To translate our findings into improved health for VA patients, the GCT will need to be implemented in VA primary care settings - where practitioners often do not screen for prediabetes, or manage diabetes optimally. Such barriers must be overcome in order to conduct definitive studies aimed to show that use of the GCT to detect prediabetes (and previously unrecognized diabetes) in primary care leads to improved outcomes. Thus, VA policies for system-wide implementation of GCT screening must be preceded by logical next steps: validation and demonstration of likely cost-effectiveness.

METHODS: AIM #1. Validation: (A) To establish feasibility, we will interact with VA primary care providers to solve logistical problems, and determine optimal screening strategies. (B) To assess test performance, we will (a) perform GCTs and measure A1c in ~1,800 patients, (b) evaluate OGTTs in all subjects, and (c) compare sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves from GCT vs. A1c or "predictive model" screening in primary care to those in our GCRC studies. Availability of this dataset will also permit (d) subsequent management of diabetes/prediabetes to be evaluated relative to standardized guidelines. AIM #2. Costs: To evaluate impact, we will (a) capture the costs of diagnostic tests, staff effort, and patient time; (b) express cost per case identified from both VA health system and societal perspectives; and (c) compare GCT vs. alternative strategies with a wide range of assumptions about false-(+)/false-(-) costs to reflect downstream cost implications of test imperfections. Engagement with this process will also provide (d) for those study patients with prediabetes who go on to develop diabetes, an opportunity to explore VA resource use and costs before and after the diagnosis of diabetes. This will provide preliminary data for subsequent proposals to compare resource use and costs vs. those of other VA patients who are newly diagnosed with diabetes in settings where there is no screening for prediabetes.

Being tested
Glucose challenge test, Glucose tolerance test
Keywords
type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetic state, mass screening, glucose tolerance test
Medical subject headings
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Prediabetic State

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Glucose challenge testOther

    At a first outpatient visit, at different times of the day and without a prior fast, subjects will have a 50 gram glucose drink followed by measurement of plasma and capillary glucose along with A1c one hour later. They will also fill out questionnaires. At a second outpatient visit, in the morning after fasting overnight, they will have a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test.

  • Glucose tolerance testOther

    Subjects found to have diabetes or prediabetes on the initial glucose tolerance test may be requested to have a repeat glucose tolerance test and A1c.

Study groups in NCT00787839
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Group 1Atlanta VA Medical Center patients who meet criteria for screening for prediabetes and early diabetes based on standard guidelines of the VA, the American Diabetes Association, and the National Institutes of Health
Receives: Other: Glucose challenge test; Other: Glucose tolerance test

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Ability of Different Screening Tests Which Can be Performed Opportunistically (During Outpatient Visits -- at Any Time of Day, Regardless of Meal Status) to Predict Findings With the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (in the Morning, After an Overnight Fast)

    Area under ROC curve (AROC) for prediction of diabetes (based on OGTT) and high-risk dysglycemia (based on OGTT, IGT with 2 hour OGTT glucose 140-199 mg/dl, and/or IFG with fasting glucose 110-125 mg/dl).

    ROC curves are plots of (1-sensitivity) vs. (1-specificity) for all possible screening cutoffs, so a higher AROC indicates higher predictive accuracy. A perfect test would have an AROC of 1.00, while a test equivalent to tossing a coin (random) would have an AROC of 0.50; if confidence limits include 0.50, predictive accuracy is no better than chance.

    It is important to appreciate that while AROC analysis can show the relative accuracy of different screening tests, and aid the selection of which test to use in clinical practice, such an analysis does not define what the optimal screening test cutoff is. Selection of the optimal cutoff generally requires consideration of other factors, such as costs and/or the clinical importance of having higher or lower sensitivity.

    Measured: 3 years

Secondary outcomes (1)
  1. Cost to Identify a Single Case of High-risk Dysglycemia or Previously Unrecognized Diabetes

    Cost was expressed as cost (dollars) to identify a single case, with cases defined as (i) diabetes or (ii) high-risk dysglycemia. Cost projections for screening were conducted from both Medicare and VA perspectives. All screening projections assumed follow-up testing with an OGTT if the screening test exceeded a 70% specificity cut-off.

    Measured: 3 years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted10 Nov 2008 (estimated)
  2. Study startJun 2009
  3. Primary completionDec 2012
  4. Study completionDec 2012

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrolment
1,939 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT00787839
Sponsor's protocol ID
IIR 07-138
Status last verified
Oct 2014
First submitted
6 Nov 2008
Last updated
27 Apr 2015
Data monitoring committee
No

Publications

  • Twombly JG, Long Q, Zhu M, Wilson PW, Narayan KM, Fraser LA, Webber BC, Phillips LS. Diabetes care in black and white veterans in the southeastern U.S. Diabetes Care. 2010 May;33(5):958-63. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1556. Epub 2010 Jan 26.

    PubMed 20103548
  • Ziemer DC, Kolm P, Weintraub WS, Vaccarino V, Rhee MK, Twombly JG, Narayan KM, Koch DD, Phillips LS. Glucose-independent, black-white differences in hemoglobin A1c levels: a cross-sectional analysis of 2 studies. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jun 15;152(12):770-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-00004.

    PubMed 20547905
  • Rhee MK, Herrick K, Ziemer DC, Vaccarino V, Weintraub WS, Narayan KM, Kolm P, Twombly JG, Phillips LS. Many Americans have pre-diabetes and should be considered for metformin therapy. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan;33(1):49-54. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0341. Epub 2009 Oct 6.

    PubMed 19808929
  • Olson DE, Rhee MK, Herrick K, Ziemer DC, Twombly JG, Phillips LS. Screening for diabetes and pre-diabetes with proposed A1C-based diagnostic criteria. Diabetes Care. 2010 Oct;33(10):2184-9. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0433. Epub 2010 Jul 16.

    PubMed 20639452
  • Fraser LA, Twombly J, Zhu M, Long Q, Hanfelt JJ, Narayan KM, Wilson PW, Phillips LS. Delay in diagnosis of diabetes is not the patient's fault. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan;33(1):e10. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1129. No abstract available.

    PubMed 20040660
  • Lin E, Liang Z, Frediani J, Davis SS Jr, Sweeney JF, Ziegler TR, Phillips LS, Gletsu-Miller N. Improvement in ss-cell function in patients with normal and hyperglycemia following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Nov;299(5):E706-12. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00405.2010. Epub 2010 Aug 17.

    PubMed 20716694
  • Chatterjee R, Narayan KM, Lipscomb J, Phillips LS. Screening adults for pre-diabetes and diabetes may be cost-saving. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jul;33(7):1484-90. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0054.

    PubMed 20587721
  • Twombly JG, Long Q, Zhu M, Fraser LA, Olson DE, Wilson PW, Narayan KM, Phillips LS. Validity of the primary care diagnosis of diabetes in veterans in the southeastern United States. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 Mar;91(3):395-400. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.11.001. Epub 2010 Nov 26.

    PubMed 21112654
  • Phillips LS, Ziemer DC, Kolm P, Weintraub WS, Vaccarino V, Rhee MK, Chatterjee R, Narayan KM, Koch DD. Glucose challenge test screening for prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes. Diabetologia. 2009 Sep;52(9):1798-807. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1407-7. Epub 2009 Jun 26.

    PubMed 19557386
  • Shikany JM, Tinker LF, Neuhouser ML, Ma Y, Patterson RE, Phillips LS, Liu S, Redden DT. Association of glycemic load with cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Nutrition. 2010 Jun;26(6):641-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.08.014. Epub 2010 Jan 6.

    PubMed 20053533
  • Buse JB. Screening for diabetes and prediabetes with proposed A1C-based diagnostic criteria: comment on Olson et al. Diabetes Care. 2010 Dec;33(12):e174; author reply e175. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1720. No abstract available.

    PubMed 21115761
  • Margolis KL, Wei F, de Boer IH, Howard BV, Liu S, Manson JE, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Phillips LS, Shikany JM, Tinker LF; Women's Health Initiative Investigators. A diet high in low-fat dairy products lowers diabetes risk in postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2011 Nov;141(11):1969-74. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.143339. Epub 2011 Sep 21.

    PubMed 21940514
  • Tinker LF, Sarto GE, Howard BV, Huang Y, Neuhouser ML, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Beasley JM, Margolis KL, Eaton CB, Phillips LS, Prentice RL. Biomarker-calibrated dietary energy and protein intake associations with diabetes risk among postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Dec;94(6):1600-6. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.018648. Epub 2011 Nov 9.

    PubMed 22071707
  • Chlebowski RT, McTiernan A, Wactawski-Wende J, Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rohan T, Ipp E, Kaklamani VG, Vitolins M, Wallace R, Gunter M, Phillips LS, Strickler H, Margolis K, Euhus DM. Diabetes, metformin, and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Aug 10;30(23):2844-52. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.39.7505. Epub 2012 Jun 11.

    PubMed 22689798
  • Ma Y, Hebert JR, Manson JE, Balasubramanian R, Liu S, Lamonte MJ, Bird CE, Ockene JK, Qiao Y, Olendzki B, Schneider KL, Rosal MC, Sepavich DM, Wactawski-Wende J, Stefanick ML, Phillips LS, Ockene IS, Kaplan RC, Sarto GE, Garcia L, Howard BV. Determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in incidence of diabetes in postmenopausal women in the U.S.: The Women's Health Initiative 1993-2009. Diabetes Care. 2012 Nov;35(11):2226-34. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0412. Epub 2012 Jul 25.

    PubMed 22833490

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetic State, run by US Department of Veterans Affairs at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Apr 2015. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 23 Dec 2014). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Ability of Different Screening Tests Which Can be Performed Opportunistically (During Outpatient Visits -- at Any Time of Day, Regardless of Meal Status) to Predict Findings With the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (in the Morning, After an Overnight Fast) (time frame: 3 years). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00787839, which also lists 18 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Apr 2015.

Free account

Log in to keep searching

You’ve used your 3 free searches. AzTrials is free: log in or create a free account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in