Acute Kidney InjuryPhase 2NCT00878956
Bicarbonate in Cardiac Surgery
A Phase 2 study testing Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Chloride in people with Acute Kidney Injury, run by Austin Health at 4 sites in 2 countries.
Trial summary
With over one million operations a year, cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is one of the most common major surgical procedures worldwide (1). Acute kidney injury is a common and serious postoperative complication of cardiopulmonary bypass and may affect 25% to 50% of patients (2-4). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 70 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Acute Kidney Injury
- What is being tested?
- Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Chloride
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 427 participants
- Where
- 4 sitesin 2 countries
- Study dates
- Apr 2009to Jan 2012
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 70 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age above 70 years
- Pre-existing renal impairment (preoperative plasma creatinine concentration > 1.4 mg/dL
- New York Heart Association class III/IV or impaired left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%)
- Valvular surgery or concomitant valvular and coronary artery bypass graft surgery
- Redo cardiac surgery
- Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Who cannot join
- End stage renal disease (plasma creatinine concentration > 3.4 mg/dL)
- Emergency cardiac surgery
- Planned off-pump cardiac surgery
- Known blood-borne infectious disease
- Chronic inflammatory disease on immunosuppression
- Chronic moderate to high dose corticosteroid therapy (> 10 mg/d prednisone or equivalent)
- Enrolled in conflicting research study
- Age < 18 years
Trial locations and contacts
4 sites in 2 countries.
4 sites in 2 countries
Australia2 sites
Austin Hospital
Melbourne, Victoria, 3084
Warringal Private Hospital
Melbourne, Victoria, 3084
New Zealand2 sites
Auckland City Hospital
Auckland
Waikato Hospital
Hamilton
About this study
Official title: A Phase IIb Multiple Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Sodium Bicarbonate in Cardiac Surgery at High-risk of Acute Kidney Injury
With over one million operations a year, cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is one of the most common major surgical procedures worldwide (1). Acute kidney injury is a common and serious postoperative complication of cardiopulmonary bypass and may affect 25% to 50% of patients (2-4). Acute kidney injury carries significant costs (4) and is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality (2,3). Even minimal increments in plasma creatinine are associated with an increase in mortality (5,6).
Multiple causes of cardiopulmonary bypass-associated acute kidney injury have been proposed, including ischemia-reperfusion, generation of reactive oxygen species, hemolysis and activation of inflammatory pathways (7-10). To date, no simple, safe and effective intervention to prevent cardiopulmonary bypass-associated acute kidney injury in a broad patient population has been found (11-14).
Read more
Urinary acidity may enhance the generation and toxicity of reactive oxygen species induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (10,15). Activation of complement during cardiac surgery (16) may also participate in kidney injury. Urinary alkalinization may protect from kidney injury induced by oxidant substances, iron-mediated free radical pathways, complement activation and tubular hemoglobin cast formation (9,17,18). Of note, increasing urinary pH - in combination with N-acetylcysteine (19,20) or without (21) - has recently been reported to attenuate acute kidney injury in patients undergoing contrast-media infusion.
In a pilot double-blind, randomized controlled trial the investigators found sodium bicarbonate to be efficacious, safe, inexpensive and easy to administer. These findings now need to be confirmed or refuted by further clinical investigations in other geographic and institutional settings.
Accordingly, the investigators hypothesized that urinary alkalinization might protect kidney function in patients at increased risk of acute kidney injury undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass needs to be confirmed in an international multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial of intravenous sodium bicarbonate.
Read the detailed description
Renal impairment following cardiopulmonary bypass is common. While most of these patients do not require either short or long term renal replacement, the mortality of patients with acute renal failure is substantially greater than those who do not develop renal dysfunction.
In a pilot double-blind, randomized controlled trial we found sodium bicarbonate to be efficacious, safe, inexpensive and easy to administer. These findings now need to be confirmed or refuted by further clinical investigations in other geographic and institutional settings.
There is evidence that sodium bicarbonate affects the cardiovascular, respiratory and immune systems and may be of benefit to patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Study Design - overview and rationale
Patients will be randomised to receive sodium bicarbonate from the induction of anaesthesia until 24 hours postoperatively, or a placebo (sodium chloride).
Serum creatinine is the most commonly used clinical indicator of renal function along with urine output. Both will be measured for several days postoperatively - the time period during which renal impairment is most likely to develop.
Randomisation The randomisation will be based on random numbers generated by computer. Once consent is obtained, the allocation of either treatment with sodium bicarbonate or placebo will be organised by an independent person (clinical trials pharmacist) who will dispense the coded and blinded infusion bags (shrink-wrapped in extra black plastic bags). This will be delivered to the anaesthetic staff looking after the patient in theatre, and the ICU nurse caring for the patient postoperatively.
20 ml samples of heparinised blood and urine will be taken from the arterial line or urine catheter. Samples will be taken immediately after the preoperative insertion of the arterial/urine catheter, at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after commencement of cardiopulmonary bypass. Immediately following collection, the preoperative, 6 and 24 hour blood and urine will be centrifuged at low speed to separate the plasma from the cellular components. Urine and plasma will be stored in aliquots at -70 degrees prior to batch analysis.
The following variables will be obtained:
Code for patient, gender and age. Date and time of admission to ICU Operative procedure and date and time on and off cardiopulmonary bypass Preoperative assessment of left ventricular function, Comorbidities, Pre-, intra- and post-operative medication, Markers of renal function as described above, Doses of frusemide administered (or rate of frusemide infusion) Use of inotropes or vasopressors Cardiac output whenever measured for clinical purposes in the first 24 hours postoperatively Requirement of renal replacement therapy Urine output in each 6 hour period during the presence of urine catheter Acid base status and electrolytes at baseline, 6 and 24 hours after commencement of cardiopulmonary bypass, Time of intubation and extubation, Date and time of arrival on and discharge from ICU and hospital, death Resources required The principle of the study has been discussed with the involved cardiac anaesthetists, cardiac surgeons, intensivists and intensive care nurses, who have offered their co-operation. ICU research nurse to allocate patients and collect clinical data. Pharmacy will be required to prepare drug and placebo infusion bags. Clinical pathology will be required to perform 24 hour creatinine clearance estimation (in addition to those tests clinically indicated) Protocol violations All protocol violations will be recorded. It will then be decided whether the nature of such violation had been such that the patient should be excluded from primary data analysis. Such evaluation will be blinded to treatment.
Withdrawal
The treating clinician will have the right to withdraw the patient from the study if he or she believes that continued participation is jeopardising the patient's well being.
Ethical Issues
Sodium bicarbonate used in this study is considered to be very safe as has been demonstrated by its widespread clinical use in the management of critically ill patients with metabolic acidosis. We consider the potential benefit of this treatment theoretically significant. Given the balance of benefits and risks, we consider it ethical to proceed and seek informed consent.
Indemnity
This is an investigator-initiated study and, accordingly, no commercial sponsor's indemnity has been provided.
Informed consent will be obtained from the patient prior to the operation by one of the investigators or the ICU research nurse. The clinical care of a patient who does not consent for any reason will not be affected.
- Conditions
- Acute Kidney Injury
- Being tested
- Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Chloride
- Keywords
- Cardiac surgery, Cardiopulmonary bypass, Oxidative stress, Acute renal dysfunction, Sodium bicarbonate
- Medical subject headings
- Acute Kidney Injury
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Sodium BicarbonateDrug
In all patients body weight adjusted dose of study medication will be achieved by infusion of sodium bicarbonate at a dose of 0.5 mmol/kg body weight (=bolus) diluted in 250 mL over 1 hour immediately after the induction of anesthesia, prior to the first surgical incision followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mmol/kg/hr (=maintenance) diluted in 1000 mL 23 hours (total dose of 5 mmol/kg over 24 hours).
Sodium ChlorideDrug
In all patients body weight adjusted dose of study medication will be achieved by infusion of sodium chloride at a dose of 0.5 mmol/kg body weight (=bolus) diluted in 250 mL over 1 hour immediately after the induction of anesthesia, prior to the first surgical incision followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mmol/kg/hr (=maintenance) diluted in 1000 mL 23 hours (total dose of 5 mmol/kg over 24 hours).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Active comparator | In all patients body weight adjusted dose of study medication will be achieved by infusion of sodium bicarbonate at a dose of 0.5 mmol/kg body weight (=bolus) diluted in 250 mL over 1 hour immediately after the induction of anesthesia, prior to the first surgical incision followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mmol/kg/hr (=maintenance) diluted in 1000 mL 23 hours (total dose of 5 mmol/kg over 24 hours). Receives: Drug: Sodium Bicarbonate |
| 2 | Placebo comparator | In all patients body weight adjusted dose of study medication will be achieved by infusion of sodium chloride at a dose of 0.5 mmol/kg body weight (=bolus) diluted in 250 mL over 1 hour immediately after the induction of anesthesia, prior to the first surgical incision followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mmol/kg/hr (=maintenance) diluted in 1000 mL 23 hours (total dose of 5 mmol/kg over 24 hours). Receives: Drug: Sodium Chloride |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Proportion of patients developing an increase in serum creatinine greater than 25% or 44 mmol/L (0.5 mg/dL) postoperative increase in serum creatinine after adjustment for relevant baseline variables
Measured: within first five postoperative days
Secondary outcomes (10)
Mean changes in serum creatinine after adjustment for relevant baseline variables
Measured: within first five postoperative days
mean changes in serum cystatin C after adjustment for relevant baseline variables
Measured: within first five postoperative days
mean changes in urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)after adjustment for relevant baseline variables
Measured: within first five postoperative days
Duration of ventilation
Measured: Until time of extubation from mechanical ventilation
Proportion of patients developing any of the RIFLE criteria: R, I or F
Measured: within first five postoperative days
Incidence of post-operative atrial fibrillation
Measured: within first five postoperative days
Duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU)
Measured: from admission to the ICU
Duration of stay in hospital
Measured: from admission to discharge from hospital
90-day mortality
Measured: during 90 days postoperatively
Change in electrolyte status from baseline to peak
Measured: within first 24-48hrs postoperatively
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Apr 2009 (estimated)
- Study startApr 2009
- Primary completionJun 2011
- Study completionJan 2012
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Acute Kidney InjuryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 427 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Austin Health
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Rinaldo Bellomo, Austin Health
- Investigators
- Rinaldo Bellomo, MD, FRACP, Principal investigator, Austin Hospital, Melbourne AustraliaFrank van Haren, MD, Study chair, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New ZealandShay McGuinness, MB ChB, FRCA, FANZCA, Study chair, Auckland City Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00878956
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- H2007/02808
- Status last verified
- Jul 2012
- First submitted
- 8 Apr 2009
- Last updated
- 1 Aug 2012
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Aug 2012. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase IIb Multiple Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Sodium Bicarbonate in Cardiac Surgery at High-risk of Acute Kidney Injury
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00878956
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- H2007/02808
- Conditions
- Acute Kidney Injury
- Keywords
- Cardiac surgery, Cardiopulmonary bypass, Oxidative stress, Acute renal dysfunction, Sodium bicarbonate
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Terminated
- Enrolment
- 427 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Austin HealthOther government
- Study start
- Apr 2009
- Primary completion
- Jun 2011 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jan 2012 (actual)
- First posted
- 9 Apr 2009 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
With over one million operations a year, cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is one of the most common major surgical procedures worldwide (1). Acute kidney injury is a common and serious postoperative complication of cardiopulmonary bypass and may affect 25% to 50% of patients (2-4). Acute kidney injury carries significant costs (4) and is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality (2,3). Even minimal increments in plasma creatinine are associated with an increase in mortality (5,6).
Multiple causes of cardiopulmonary bypass-associated acute kidney injury have been proposed, including ischemia-reperfusion, generation of reactive oxygen species, hemolysis and activation of inflammatory pathways (7-10). To date, no simple, safe and effective intervention to prevent cardiopulmonary bypass-associated acute kidney injury in a broad patient population has been found (11-14).
Urinary acidity may enhance the generation and toxicity of reactive oxygen species induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (10,15). Activation of complement during cardiac surgery (16) may also participate in kidney injury. Urinary alkalinization may protect from kidney injury induced by oxidant substances, iron-mediated free radical pathways, complement activation and tubular hemoglobin cast formation (9,17,18). Of note, increasing urinary pH - in combination with N-acetylcysteine (19,20) or without (21) - has recently been reported to attenuate acute kidney injury in patients undergoing contrast-media infusion.
In a pilot double-blind, randomized controlled trial the investigators found sodium bicarbonate to be efficacious, safe, inexpensive and easy to administer. These findings now need to be confirmed or refuted by further clinical investigations in other geographic and institutional settings.
Accordingly, the investigators hypothesized that urinary alkalinization might protect kidney function in patients at increased risk of acute kidney injury undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass needs to be confirmed in an international multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial of intravenous sodium bicarbonate.
Detailed description
Renal impairment following cardiopulmonary bypass is common. While most of these patients do not require either short or long term renal replacement, the mortality of patients with acute renal failure is substantially greater than those who do not develop renal dysfunction.
In a pilot double-blind, randomized controlled trial we found sodium bicarbonate to be efficacious, safe, inexpensive and easy to administer. These findings now need to be confirmed or refuted by further clinical investigations in other geographic and institutional settings.
There is evidence that sodium bicarbonate affects the cardiovascular, respiratory and immune systems and may be of benefit to patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Study Design - overview and rationale
Patients will be randomised to receive sodium bicarbonate from the induction of anaesthesia until 24 hours postoperatively, or a placebo (sodium chloride).
Serum creatinine is the most commonly used clinical indicator of renal function along with urine output. Both will be measured for several days postoperatively - the time period during which renal impairment is most likely to develop.
Randomisation The randomisation will be based on random numbers generated by computer. Once consent is obtained, the allocation of either treatment with sodium bicarbonate or placebo will be organised by an independent person (clinical trials pharmacist) who will dispense the coded and blinded infusion bags (shrink-wrapped in extra black plastic bags). This will be delivered to the anaesthetic staff looking after the patient in theatre, and the ICU nurse caring for the patient postoperatively.
20 ml samples of heparinised blood and urine will be taken from the arterial line or urine catheter. Samples will be taken immediately after the preoperative insertion of the arterial/urine catheter, at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after commencement of cardiopulmonary bypass. Immediately following collection, the preoperative, 6 and 24 hour blood and urine will be centrifuged at low speed to separate the plasma from the cellular components. Urine and plasma will be stored in aliquots at -70 degrees prior to batch analysis.
The following variables will be obtained:
Code for patient, gender and age. Date and time of admission to ICU Operative procedure and date and time on and off cardiopulmonary bypass Preoperative assessment of left ventricular function, Comorbidities, Pre-, intra- and post-operative medication, Markers of renal function as described above, Doses of frusemide administered (or rate of frusemide infusion) Use of inotropes or vasopressors Cardiac output whenever measured for clinical purposes in the first 24 hours postoperatively Requirement of renal replacement therapy Urine output in each 6 hour period during the presence of urine catheter Acid base status and electrolytes at baseline, 6 and 24 hours after commencement of cardiopulmonary bypass, Time of intubation and extubation, Date and time of arrival on and discharge from ICU and hospital, death Resources required The principle of the study has been discussed with the involved cardiac anaesthetists, cardiac surgeons, intensivists and intensive care nurses, who have offered their co-operation. ICU research nurse to allocate patients and collect clinical data. Pharmacy will be required to prepare drug and placebo infusion bags. Clinical pathology will be required to perform 24 hour creatinine clearance estimation (in addition to those tests clinically indicated) Protocol violations All protocol violations will be recorded. It will then be decided whether the nature of such violation had been such that the patient should be excluded from primary data analysis. Such evaluation will be blinded to treatment.
Withdrawal
The treating clinician will have the right to withdraw the patient from the study if he or she believes that continued participation is jeopardising the patient's well being.
Ethical Issues
Sodium bicarbonate used in this study is considered to be very safe as has been demonstrated by its widespread clinical use in the management of critically ill patients with metabolic acidosis. We consider the potential benefit of this treatment theoretically significant. Given the balance of benefits and risks, we consider it ethical to proceed and seek informed consent.
Indemnity
This is an investigator-initiated study and, accordingly, no commercial sponsor's indemnity has been provided.
Informed consent will be obtained from the patient prior to the operation by one of the investigators or the ICU research nurse. The clinical care of a patient who does not consent for any reason will not be affected.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Active comparator | Drug: Sodium BicarbonateIn all patients body weight adjusted dose of study medication will be achieved by infusion of sodium bicarbonate at a dose of 0.5 mmol/kg body weight (=bolus) diluted in 250 mL over 1 hour immediately after the induction of anesthesia, prior to the first surgical incision followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mmol/kg/hr (=maintenance) diluted in 1000 mL 23 hours (total dose of 5 mmol/kg over 24 hours). |
| 2 | Placebo comparator | Drug: Sodium ChlorideIn all patients body weight adjusted dose of study medication will be achieved by infusion of sodium chloride at a dose of 0.5 mmol/kg body weight (=bolus) diluted in 250 mL over 1 hour immediately after the induction of anesthesia, prior to the first surgical incision followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mmol/kg/hr (=maintenance) diluted in 1000 mL 23 hours (total dose of 5 mmol/kg over 24 hours). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 70 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Age above 70 years
- Pre-existing renal impairment (preoperative plasma creatinine concentration > 1.4 mg/dL
- New York Heart Association class III/IV or impaired left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%)
- Valvular surgery or concomitant valvular and coronary artery bypass graft surgery
- Redo cardiac surgery
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- End stage renal disease (plasma creatinine concentration > 3.4 mg/dL)
- Emergency cardiac surgery
- Planned off-pump cardiac surgery
- Known blood-borne infectious disease
- Chronic inflammatory disease on immunosuppression
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium BicarbonateIn all patients body weight adjusted dose of study medication will be achieved by infusion of sodium bicarbonate at a dose of 0.5 mmol/kg body weight (=bolus) diluted in 250 mL over 1 hour immediately after the induction of anesthesia, prior to the first surgical incision followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mmol/kg/hr (=maintenance) diluted in 1000 mL 23 hours (total dose of 5 mmol/kg over 24 hours). | Drug | 1 |
| Sodium ChlorideIn all patients body weight adjusted dose of study medication will be achieved by infusion of sodium chloride at a dose of 0.5 mmol/kg body weight (=bolus) diluted in 250 mL over 1 hour immediately after the induction of anesthesia, prior to the first surgical incision followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mmol/kg/hr (=maintenance) diluted in 1000 mL 23 hours (total dose of 5 mmol/kg over 24 hours). | Drug | 2 |
Primary outcome
Proportion of patients developing an increase in serum creatinine greater than 25% or 44 mmol/L (0.5 mg/dL) postoperative increase in serum creatinine after adjustment for relevant baseline variables
Time frame: within first five postoperative days
10 secondary outcomes
Mean changes in serum creatinine after adjustment for relevant baseline variables
Time frame: within first five postoperative days
mean changes in serum cystatin C after adjustment for relevant baseline variables
Time frame: within first five postoperative days
mean changes in urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)after adjustment for relevant baseline variables
Time frame: within first five postoperative days
Duration of ventilation
Time frame: Until time of extubation from mechanical ventilation
Proportion of patients developing any of the RIFLE criteria: R, I or F
Time frame: within first five postoperative days
Incidence of post-operative atrial fibrillation
Time frame: within first five postoperative days
Duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU)
Time frame: from admission to the ICU
Duration of stay in hospital
Time frame: from admission to discharge from hospital
90-day mortality
Time frame: during 90 days postoperatively
Change in electrolyte status from baseline to peak
Time frame: within first 24-48hrs postoperatively
Results and safety
The study was stopped early. Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Aug 2012.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Rinaldo Bellomo, MD, FRACP principal investigator
Austin Hospital, Melbourne Australia
Frank van Haren, MD study chair
Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
Shay McGuinness, MB ChB, FRCA, FANZCA study chair
Auckland City Hospital
4 sites in 2 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Chloride in people with Acute Kidney Injury, run by Austin Health at 4 sites in 2 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Aug 2012. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 4 sites in Australia, New Zealand. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study was stopped early. Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Proportion of patients developing an increase in serum creatinine greater than 25% or 44 mmol/L (0.5 mg/dL) postoperative increase in serum creatinine after adjustment for relevant baseline variables (time frame: within first five postoperative days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Aug 2012.