Non Small Cell Lung CancerPhase 2ToPPSNCT00892710
Trial of Poor Performance Status Patients (ToPPS)
A Phase 2 study testing Pemetrexed, Bevacizumab and Carboplatin in people with Non Small Cell Lung Cancer, run by SCRI Development Innovations, LLC at 27 sites in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this trial is to evaluate three treatment regimens in patients with stage IIIB/IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with a performance status of 2 and who were not previously treated. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
- What is being tested?
- Pemetrexed, Bevacizumab and Carboplatin
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 172 participants
- Where
- 27 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Jun 2009to May 2015
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients must be >=18 years of age.
- Non-squamous NSCLC (adenocarcinoma or large cell carcinoma). Mixed tumors with small cell anaplastic elements are not eligible. Mixed tumors with squamous histology are acceptable as long as the squamous element is not the dominant histology.
- Unresectable stage IIIB or stage IV disease. Stage IIIB disease should be ineligible for combined modality therapy (i.e., pleural effusions, pericardial effusions).
- ECOG performance status of 2.
- No prior systemic therapy for stage IIIB or stage IV lung cancer.
- Life expectancy of at least 12 weeks.
Show all 18Show fewer
- Patients must have measurable disease per RECIST version 1.1 (see Section 8).
- Laboratory values as follows:
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1500/μL
- Hemoglobin (Hgb) ≥10 g/dL
- Platelets ≥100,000/μL (≤7 days prior to treatment)
- AST or ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) must be <2.5 x ULN, or <5 x ULN in patients with liver metastases.
- Total bilirubin <1.5 x the institutional ULN
- Calculated creatinine clearance ≥45 mL/min
- The ability to take folic acid, Vitamin B12, and dexamethasone according to protocol.
- Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test performed within 7 days prior to start of treatment. Women of childbearing potential or men with partners of childbearing potential must use effective birth control measures during treatment. If a woman becomes pregnant or suspects she is pregnant while participating in this study, she must agree to inform her treating physician immediately.
- Patient must be accessible for treatment and follow-up.
- Patients must be able to understand the investigational nature of this study and give written informed consent prior to study entry.
Who cannot join
- Squamous cell histology. Mixed tumors will be categorized by the predominant cell type unless small cell elements are present, in which case the patient will be ineligible; sputum cytology alone is unacceptable.
- Patients with active brain metastases. Patients who have received radiation or surgery for brain metastases are eligible if there is no evidence of central nervous system (CNS) disease progression, and at least 2 weeks have elapsed since treatment. Ideally, patients should not still require use of seizure medication or steroids.
- Patients who have had major surgical procedure (not including mediastinoscopy), open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury within 4 weeks of beginning treatment; or, the anticipation of the need for major surgical procedure during the course of the study.
- Women who are pregnant or lactating.
- Minor surgical procedures (with the exception of the placement of portacath or other central venous access) must be completed at least 7 days prior to beginning protocol treatment.
- History of hypersensitivity to active or inactive excipients of any component of treatment (pemetrexed, bevacizumab, and/or carboplatin).
Show all 25Show fewer
- Pulmonary carcinoid tumors.
- Patients with proteinuria at screening as demonstrated by either:
- urine protein creatinine (UPC) ratio ≥1.0 at screening OR
- urine dipstick for proteinuria ≥2+ (patients discovered to have ≥2+ proteinuria on dipstick urinalysis at baseline should undergo a 24 hour urine collection, and must demonstrate ≤1 g of protein/24 hours to be eligible) (see Appendix B)
- Patients with a serious non healing wound, active ulcer, or untreated bone fracture.
- Patients with evidence of bleeding diathesis or significant coagulopathy (in the absence of therapeutic anticoagulation).
- Patients with history of hematemesis or hemoptysis (defined as having bright red blood of ½ teaspoon or more per episode) within 1 month prior to study enrollment.
- History of myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 6 months of beginning treatment.
- Inadequately controlled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure >150 mmHg and /or diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHg while on antihypertensive medications).
- New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade II or greater congestive heart failure (CHF) (see Appendix C).
- Serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication.
- Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair, or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to Day 1 of treatment.
- History of stroke or transient ischemic attack ≤ 6 months prior to beginning treatment.
- Any prior history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy.
- History of abdominal fistula or gastrointestinal perforation ≤ 6 months prior to Day 1 of beginning treatment.
- Concurrent severe, intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
- Mental condition that would prevent patient comprehension of the nature of, and risk associated with, the study.
- Use of any non-approved or investigational agent ≤ 30 days of administration of the first dose of study drug. Patients may not receive any other investigational or anti-cancer treatments while participating in this study.
- Past or current history of neoplasm other than the entry diagnosis with the exception of treated non-melanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or other cancers cured by local therapy alone and a DFS ≥5 years.
Trial locations and contacts
27 sites in 1 country.
27 sites in 1 country
United States27 sites
Aventura Medical Center
Aventura, Florida, 33180
Collaborative Research Group/ Palm Beach Ins of Hem Onc
Boynton Beach, Florida, 33435
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
Chattanooga Oncology Hematology Associates
Chattanooga, Tennessee, 37404
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, 60637
Oncology Hematology Care
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45242
South Carolina Oncology Associates, PA
Columbia, South Carolina, 29210
Holy Cross Hospital
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33308
Florida Cancer Specialists
Fort Myers, Florida, 33901
The Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders
Fort Worth, Texas, 76104
Northeast Georgia Medical Center
Gainesville, Georgia, 30501
Memorial Regional Cancer Center
Hollywood, Florida, 33021
Genesis Cancer Center
Hot Springs, Arkansas, 71913
Northeast Arkansas Clinic
Jonesboro, Arkansas, 72401
Watson Clinic Center for Cancer Care and Research
Lakeland, Florida, 33805
Wilshire Oncology Medical Group
LaVerne, California, 91750
Family Cancer Center
Memphis, Tennessee, 38120
Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center
Miami Beach, Florida, 33140
Hematology Oncology Associates of Northern NJ
Morristown, New Jersey, 07960
Tennessee Oncology, PLLC
Nashville, Tennessee, 37023
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15232
Virginia Cancer Institute
Richmond, Virginia, 23235
Mayo Clinic - AZ
Scottsdale, Arizona, 85259
Northern Indiana Cancer Research Consortium
South Bend, Indiana, 46601
Spartanburg Regional Medical Center
Spartanburg, South Carolina, 29303
RHHP/ Hope Cancer Center
Terra Haute, Indiana, 47802
Toledo Community Oncology Program
Toledo, Ohio, 43617
About this study
Official title: Randomized Phase II Trial of Pemetrexed vs. Pemetrexed/Bevacizumab vs. Pemetrexed/Carboplatin/Bevacizumab in Patients With Stage IIIB/IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and ECOG Performance Status 2
The purpose of this trial is to evaluate three treatment regimens in patients with stage IIIB/IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with a performance status of 2 and who were not previously treated.
Read the detailed description
This randomized, Phase II trial will evaluate three treatment regimens in patients with previously untreated stage IIIB/IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and a performance status (PS) of 2. Patients will be randomized to either pemetrexed alone, pemetrexed and bevacizumab, or pemetrexed, carboplatin, and bevacizumab in a 1:1:1 fashion. All 3 regimens should be tolerable in poor performance status patients with advanced NSCLC. The 3-drug regimen (pemetrexed/carboplatin/bevacizumab) has been modified by lowering the dose of carboplatin, in order to minimize myelosuppression. This trial will be conducted at multiple study sites.
- Conditions
- Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Being tested
- Pemetrexed, Bevacizumab, Carboplatin
- Keywords
- Non small cell lung cancer, NSCLC, Pemetrexed, Bevacizumab, Avastin, Carboplatin, Stage IIIB/IV
- Medical subject headings
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PemetrexedDrug
Also called Alimta
500 mg/m2 IV given over 10 minutes every 21 days
BevacizumabDrug
Also called Avastin
15 mg/kg IV every 21 days
CarboplatinDrug
Also called Paraplatin
AUC=5 IV every 21 days
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Pemetrexed/Bevacizumab | Experimental | * Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV given over 10 minutes every 21 days
* Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV every 21 days Receives: Drug: Pemetrexed; Drug: Bevacizumab |
| Pemetrexed/Bevacizumab/Carboplatin | Experimental | * Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV given over 10 minutes every 21 days
* Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV every 21 days
* Carboplatin AUC=5 IV every 21 days Receives: Drug: Pemetrexed; Drug: Bevacizumab; Drug: Carboplatin |
| Pemetrexed | Experimental | Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV given over 10 minutes every 21 days Receives: Drug: Pemetrexed |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
The Length of Time, in Months, That Patients Were Alive From Their First Date of Protocol Treatment Until Worsening of Their Disease. Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions.
Measured: 18 months
Secondary outcomes (5)
Overall Response Rate (ORR), the Number of Patients Who Experience an Objective Benefit From Treatment
Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1) for target lesions and assessed by MRI or CT: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR.
Measured: 18 months
Time to Progression (TTP)
The Length of Time, in Months, That Patients Remain Alive From Their First Date of Protocol Treatment Until Worsening of Their Disease. Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions.
Measured: 18 months
Time to Treatment Failure (TTTF)
Defined as the Length of Time, in Months, that Patients were Alive from the Date of First Treatment Until Treatment Discontinuation for Any Reason.
Measured: 18 months
Overall Survival (OS)
The Length of Time, in Months, That Patients Were Alive From Their First Date of Protocol Treatment Until Death
Measured: 18 months
6-month and 12-month Overall Survival Probability
Overall Survival = The Length of Time, in Months, That Patients Were Alive From Their First Date of Protocol Treatment Until Death
Measured: 12 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 May 2009 (estimated)
- Study startJun 2009
- Primary completionJul 2014
- Study completionMay 2015
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Non Small Cell Lung CancerStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 172 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- SCRI Development Innovations, LLC
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Genentech, Inc.
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- David Spigel, M.D., Study chair, SCRI Development Innovations, LLC
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00892710
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- SCRI LUN 196
- Acronym
- ToPPS
- Status last verified
- May 2015
- First submitted
- 30 Apr 2009
- Last updated
- 15 May 2015
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Gijtenbeek RG, de Jong K, Venmans BJ, van Vollenhoven FH, Ten Brinke A, Van der Wekken AJ, van Geffen WH. Best first-line therapy for people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable mutation or with an unknown mutation status. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jul 7;7(7):CD013382. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013382.pub2.
PubMed 37419867
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 May 2015. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Randomized Phase II Trial of Pemetrexed vs. Pemetrexed/Bevacizumab vs. Pemetrexed/Carboplatin/Bevacizumab in Patients With Stage IIIB/IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and ECOG Performance Status 2
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00892710
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ToPPS / SCRI LUN 196
- Conditions
- Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Keywords
- Non small cell lung cancer, NSCLC, Pemetrexed, Bevacizumab, Avastin, Carboplatin, Stage IIIB/IV
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 172 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- SCRI Development Innovations, LLCUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Genentech, Inc.
- Study start
- Jun 2009
- Primary completion
- Jul 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- May 2015 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 May 2009 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 15 May 2015
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this trial is to evaluate three treatment regimens in patients with stage IIIB/IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with a performance status of 2 and who were not previously treated.
Detailed description
This randomized, Phase II trial will evaluate three treatment regimens in patients with previously untreated stage IIIB/IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and a performance status (PS) of 2. Patients will be randomized to either pemetrexed alone, pemetrexed and bevacizumab, or pemetrexed, carboplatin, and bevacizumab in a 1:1:1 fashion. All 3 regimens should be tolerable in poor performance status patients with advanced NSCLC. The 3-drug regimen (pemetrexed/carboplatin/bevacizumab) has been modified by lowering the dose of carboplatin, in order to minimize myelosuppression. This trial will be conducted at multiple study sites.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Pemetrexed/Bevacizumab | Experimental | Drug: Pemetrexed, Drug: Bevacizumab* Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV given over 10 minutes every 21 days * Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV every 21 days |
| Pemetrexed/Bevacizumab/Carboplatin | Experimental | Drug: Pemetrexed, Drug: Bevacizumab, Drug: Carboplatin* Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV given over 10 minutes every 21 days * Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV every 21 days * Carboplatin AUC=5 IV every 21 days |
| Pemetrexed | Experimental | Drug: PemetrexedPemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV given over 10 minutes every 21 days |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (18 listed)
- Patients must be >=18 years of age.
- Non-squamous NSCLC (adenocarcinoma or large cell carcinoma). Mixed tumors with small cell anaplastic elements are not eligible. Mixed tumors with squamous histology are acceptable as long as the squamous element is not the dominant histology.
- Unresectable stage IIIB or stage IV disease. Stage IIIB disease should be ineligible for combined modality therapy (i.e., pleural effusions, pericardial effusions).
- ECOG performance status of 2.
- No prior systemic therapy for stage IIIB or stage IV lung cancer.
Key exclusion criteria (25 listed)
- Squamous cell histology. Mixed tumors will be categorized by the predominant cell type unless small cell elements are present, in which case the patient will be ineligible; sputum cytology alone is unacceptable.
- Patients with active brain metastases. Patients who have received radiation or surgery for brain metastases are eligible if there is no evidence of central nervous system (CNS) disease progression, and at least 2 weeks have elapsed since treatment. Ideally, patients should not still require use of seizure medication or steroids.
- Patients who have had major surgical procedure (not including mediastinoscopy), open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury within 4 weeks of beginning treatment; or, the anticipation of the need for major surgical procedure during the course of the study.
- Women who are pregnant or lactating.
- Minor surgical procedures (with the exception of the placement of portacath or other central venous access) must be completed at least 7 days prior to beginning protocol treatment.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| PemetrexedAlso: Alimta500 mg/m2 IV given over 10 minutes every 21 days | Drug | Pemetrexed, Pemetrexed/Bevacizumab, Pemetrexed/Bevacizumab/Carboplatin |
| BevacizumabAlso: Avastin15 mg/kg IV every 21 days | Drug | Pemetrexed/Bevacizumab, Pemetrexed/Bevacizumab/Carboplatin |
| CarboplatinAlso: ParaplatinAUC=5 IV every 21 days | Drug | Pemetrexed/Bevacizumab/Carboplatin |
Primary outcome
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
Time frame: 18 months
The Length of Time, in Months, That Patients Were Alive From Their First Date of Protocol Treatment Until Worsening of Their Disease. Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions.
5 secondary outcomes
Overall Response Rate (ORR), the Number of Patients Who Experience an Objective Benefit From Treatment
Time frame: 18 months
Time to Progression (TTP)
Time frame: 18 months
Time to Treatment Failure (TTTF)
Time frame: 18 months
Overall Survival (OS)
Time frame: 18 months
6-month and 12-month Overall Survival Probability
Time frame: 12 months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 May 2015.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37419867Gijtenbeek RG, de Jong K, Venmans BJ, van Vollenhoven FH, Ten Brinke A, Van der Wekken AJ, van Geffen WH. Best first-line therapy for people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable mutation or with an unknown mutation status. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jul 7;7(7):CD013382. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013382.pub2.
Related trials for Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
RecruitingPhase 1/2
Study of INBRX-106 and INBRX-106 in Combination With Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) in Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (Hexavalent OX40 Agonist)
Solid Tumor, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
RecruitingObservational study
A Prospective ,Multicenter ,Non-interventional ,Real-world Study Observing Changes in Molecular Markers Osimertinib Targeted Therapy in EGFRm NSCLC
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
RecruitingPhase 3
A Study Evaluating Sotorasib Platinum Doublet Combination Versus Pembrolizumab Platinum Doublet Combination as a Front-Line Therapy in Participants With Stage IV or Advanced Stage IIIB/C Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (CodeBreaK 202)
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Active, not recruitingPhase 2
Datopotamab Deruxtecan (Dato-DXd, DS-1062a) in Advanced and/or Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Metastatic Lung Cancer, Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
Not yet recruitingPhase 1/2
STAR0602 With Nivolumab in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer and in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer, and STAR0602 Alone in Thymic Carcinoma
NSCLC, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
David Spigel, M.D. study chair
SCRI Development Innovations, LLC
27 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Pemetrexed, Bevacizumab and Carboplatin in people with Non Small Cell Lung Cancer, run by SCRI Development Innovations, LLC at 27 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 18 inclusion and 25 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 May 2015. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 27 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 15 May 2015). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Progression Free Survival (PFS) (time frame: 18 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00892710, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 May 2015.