Venous ThromboembolismDULCISNCT00954395
DULCIS (D-dimer and ULtrasonography in Combination Italian Study)
An observational study of Venous Thromboembolism, run by IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a standardized procedure to establish the optimal duration of anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Venous Thromboembolism
- What is being tested?
- D-dimer
- How many people
- 1,100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- Sep 2008to Jun 2012
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Patients with a first episode of venous thromboembolism attending anticoagulation clinics or general practitioners
Who may be able to join
- Age > 18 years first episode of objectively documented symptomatic idiopathic VTE, either proximal lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE).
- Unprovoked or idiopathic , or associated with one or more of the following favouring factors
- - minor general surgery, arthroscopy or laparoscopy
- pregnancy or puerperium
- hormonal treatment (contraceptive or replacement therapy)
- travel
Show all 9Show fewer
- minor traumas
- hospitalization in a medical ward
- reduced mobility (non complete immobilization) at least six months of VKA therapy ( or other type) for at least 3 months and not longer than 12 months ability to provide informed consent
Who cannot join
- Two or more episodes of objectively documented proximal DVT and or PE ( previous distal of superficial vein thrombosis are not exclusion criteria)
- Index event was isolate distal ( calf) vein thrombosis
- Index event was PE associated with shock or prolonged hypotension at high risk
- Index event was DVT in sites different from the lower limbs
- Pregnancy or puerperium ( first 6 weeks after delivery) at the time of the visit
- Solid or haematological malignancy in the active phase or undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy
Show all 20Show fewer
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, diagnosed according to the Sydney criteria
- Hereditary antithrombin deficiency
- Necessity to prolong anticoagulation for any reason (due to the thrombotic event or other clinical indications
- Severe respiratory or heart failure (NYHA classes: III or IV)
- Presence of criteria indicating a short anticoagulant treatment:
- Venous thromboembolism secondary to one of the following triggering factors:
- Major surgery [orthopedic, general, oncological (only if radical)]
- Bed rest (>4 dd)
- Severe trauma
- Plaster cast of the lower limbs
- high bleeding risk
- limited life expectancy,
- geographical inaccessibility
- Inability or refusal to provide informed consent
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Italy1 site
U.O. Angiologia e Malattie della Coagulazione "Marino Golinelli"; Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna
Bologna, 40138
About this study
Official title: Optimizing the Duration of Anticoagulation in Venous Thromboembolism: the DULCIS Study
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a standardized procedure to establish the optimal duration of anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism.
Read the detailed description
Venous thromboembolism (VTE- the deposition of thrombi in the deep veins of the lower limbs-deep vein thrombosis- and/or pulmonary embolism) has an incidence of 1.0 - 1.6 events per year per 1000 persons. While the prevention and treatment of the acute phase of VTE is well established, the secondary prevention of the disease, that is its long-term management, is not well standardized. Venous thromboembolism tends to recur regardless of the duration of treatment , with an incidence of 30% over 5-10 years. Both the duration and the quality of treatment after the acute event are not well established nor consistently applied in clinical practice. Recently, the 7th Consensus Conference on Anti-thrombotic therapy of the American College of Chest Physicians recommended that patients with unprovoked VTE receive at least 3 months of anticoagulant therapy. Afterwards the risk-benefit ratio of long-term therapy should be evaluated. Long term treatment is recommended in patients at low risk of bleeding and for whom good anticoagulant monitoring is achievable. However, the risk of recurrence is greatest in the first 6 to 12 months after the initial episode while it gradually decreases thereafter. As a result, the benefits of extending anticoagulation are offset over time by the risk of clinically important bleeding associated with anticoagulation. Moreover, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are currently the drugs of choice, and their require a strict laboratory monitoring, but in the near future newer oral anticoagulants not requiring monitoring will be available.
Several individual characteristics such as post-anticoagulation D-dimer and residual venous obstruction have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of recurrent events. We have shown in a multicentre randomized study PROLONG (N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1780-1789) showed that D-dimer could play a role in establishing the duration of anticoagulation after a first episode of idiopathic VTE. Patients were treated with VKA for a minimum of 3 months and D-d was tested at one month after anticoagulation withdrawal . If D-dimer was normal patients did not resume treatment, whereas those with elevated D-dimer were randomized to either stop or resume anticoagulation. Patients with an abnormal D-dimer had a statistically significant higher risk for recurrence when compared with those with normal D-d. Continued anticoagulation in patients with elevated D-d significantly reduced the risk of recurrent VTE over a follow-up of 18 months.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a procedure employing the evaluation of residual vein obstruction and D-dimer to establish the individual risk of recurrence and thus the necessity to prolong or stop anticoagulation ( with VKAs but also with newer anticoagulants) after venous thromboembolism.
The pre-defined objectives of the study are the following:
- to obtain a recurrence rate < 5% per year in the first and second year after anticoagulation is suspended according to the procedure ii) to allow that after treatment for the first episode of venous thromboembolism, anticoagulation suspension in feasible in at least 40% of all subjects included in the study.
- Conditions
- Venous Thromboembolism
- Being tested
- D-dimer
- Keywords
- vitamin K antagonists, D-dimer,, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism,
- Medical subject headings
- Venous Thromboembolism, Venous Thrombosis, Pulmonary Embolism
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
D-dimerOther
Also called D-dimer, fibrin fibrinogen degradation products
D-dimer is performed at the time of anticoagulation suspension. If above or below age and gender specific cut-offs, anticoagulation is stopped and D- dimer repeated after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 1. anticoagulation suspension | eligible patients undergo measurement of residual venous obstruction (RVO) with compression ultrasound (CUS) in case of a previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) with echocardiography in case of previous pulmonary embolism (PE). In patients with RVO is less < 4 mm in case of a previous DVT and/or PAP is normal with echocardiography in case of previous PE and in those who have undergone additional 6 months of therapy for previously altered RVO, D-dimer is measured during anticoagulation. If D-dimer is below age and gender cut-offs , anticoagulation is interrupted and D-dimer is then re-assessed after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. If all the D-dimer measurements are below the cut-offs, anticoagulation is definitely interrupted and patients are followed-up for two years. Receives: Other: D-dimer | |
| 2. anticoagulation prolongation | If RVO is greater than 4 mm at CUS of the lower limbs and/or PAP is increased (> 35 mmHg, > 40 mmHg in the elderly or obese), anticoagulation is prolonged for additional 6 months and the measures of RVO and/oR PAP are repeated. In those in whom PAP is altered also after 6 months of additional therapy, anticoagulation is prolonged. In patients with RVO is less < 4 mm in case of a previous DVT and/or PAP is normal with echocardiography in case of previous PE and in those who have undergone additional 6 months of therapy for previously altered RVO, D-dimer is measured during anticoagulation. If D-dimer is above age and gender cut-offs , anticoagulation is prolonged. If D-dimer is below the cut-offs , anticoagulation is interrupted and D-dimer is then re-assessed after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. If one of these D-dimer measurement is above the cut-off , anticoagulation is resumed for at least 6 months and patients are re-evaluated. Receives: Other: D-dimer |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major and minor but clinically relevant bleeding
Measured: two years after enrollment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Aug 2009 (estimated)
- Study startSep 2008
- Primary completionDec 2011
- Study completionJun 2012
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Venous ThromboembolismStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di BolognaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 1,100 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Bologna
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, GUALTIERO PALARETI, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna
- Investigators
- Gualtiero Palareti, MD, Principal investigator, St.Orsola Malpighi University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00954395
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- DULCIS
- Acronym
- DULCIS
- Status last verified
- Mar 2021
- First submitted
- 6 Aug 2009
- Last updated
- 19 Mar 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Palareti G, Cosmi B, Legnani C, Tosetto A, Brusi C, Iorio A, Pengo V, Ghirarduzzi A, Pattacini C, Testa S, Lensing AW, Tripodi A; PROLONG Investigators. D-dimer testing to determine the duration of anticoagulation therapy. N Engl J Med. 2006 Oct 26;355(17):1780-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa054444.
PubMed 17065639Legnani C, Palareti G, Cosmi B, Cini M, Tosetto A, Tripodi A; PROLONG Investigators (FCSA and Italian Federation of Thrombosis Centers). Different cut-off values of quantitative D-dimer methods to predict the risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence: a post-hoc analysis of the PROLONG study. Haematologica. 2008 Jun;93(6):900-7. doi: 10.3324/haematol.12320. Epub 2008 Apr 28.
PubMed 18443269Kearon C, Kahn SR, Agnelli G, Goldhaber S, Raskob GE, Comerota AJ. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008 Jun;133(6 Suppl):454S-545S. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-0658.
PubMed 18574272Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Prins MH, Bernardi E, Marchiori A, Bagatella P, Frulla M, Mosena L, Tormene D, Piccioli A, Simioni P, Girolami A. Residual venous thrombosis as a predictive factor of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Dec 17;137(12):955-60. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00008.
PubMed 12484710Pengo V, Prandoni P. From acute pulmonary embolism to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Ital Heart J. 2005 Oct;6(10):830-3.
PubMed 16270475Palareti G, Cosmi B, Antonucci E, Legnani C, Erba N, Ghirarduzzi A, Poli D, Testa S, Tosetto A, Pengo V, Prandoni P; DULCIS investigators. Duration of anticoagulation after isolated pulmonary embolism. Eur Respir J. 2016 May;47(5):1429-35. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01126-2015. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
PubMed 26917615Palareti G, Cosmi B, Legnani C, Antonucci E, De Micheli V, Ghirarduzzi A, Poli D, Testa S, Tosetto A, Pengo V, Prandoni P; DULCIS (D-dimer and ULtrasonography in Combination Italian Study) Investigators. D-dimer to guide the duration of anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism: a management study. Blood. 2014 Jul 10;124(2):196-203. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-01-548065. Epub 2014 May 30.
PubMed 24879813
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Mar 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Optimizing the Duration of Anticoagulation in Venous Thromboembolism: the DULCIS Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00954395
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- DULCIS / DULCIS
- Conditions
- Venous Thromboembolism
- Keywords
- vitamin K antagonists, D-dimer,, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism,
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,100 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di BolognaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Bologna
- Study start
- Sep 2008
- Primary completion
- Dec 2011 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jun 2012 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Aug 2009 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a standardized procedure to establish the optimal duration of anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism.
Detailed description
Venous thromboembolism (VTE- the deposition of thrombi in the deep veins of the lower limbs-deep vein thrombosis- and/or pulmonary embolism) has an incidence of 1.0 - 1.6 events per year per 1000 persons. While the prevention and treatment of the acute phase of VTE is well established, the secondary prevention of the disease, that is its long-term management, is not well standardized. Venous thromboembolism tends to recur regardless of the duration of treatment , with an incidence of 30% over 5-10 years. Both the duration and the quality of treatment after the acute event are not well established nor consistently applied in clinical practice. Recently, the 7th Consensus Conference on Anti-thrombotic therapy of the American College of Chest Physicians recommended that patients with unprovoked VTE receive at least 3 months of anticoagulant therapy. Afterwards the risk-benefit ratio of long-term therapy should be evaluated. Long term treatment is recommended in patients at low risk of bleeding and for whom good anticoagulant monitoring is achievable. However, the risk of recurrence is greatest in the first 6 to 12 months after the initial episode while it gradually decreases thereafter. As a result, the benefits of extending anticoagulation are offset over time by the risk of clinically important bleeding associated with anticoagulation. Moreover, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are currently the drugs of choice, and their require a strict laboratory monitoring, but in the near future newer oral anticoagulants not requiring monitoring will be available.
Several individual characteristics such as post-anticoagulation D-dimer and residual venous obstruction have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of recurrent events. We have shown in a multicentre randomized study PROLONG (N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1780-1789) showed that D-dimer could play a role in establishing the duration of anticoagulation after a first episode of idiopathic VTE. Patients were treated with VKA for a minimum of 3 months and D-d was tested at one month after anticoagulation withdrawal . If D-dimer was normal patients did not resume treatment, whereas those with elevated D-dimer were randomized to either stop or resume anticoagulation. Patients with an abnormal D-dimer had a statistically significant higher risk for recurrence when compared with those with normal D-d. Continued anticoagulation in patients with elevated D-d significantly reduced the risk of recurrent VTE over a follow-up of 18 months.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a procedure employing the evaluation of residual vein obstruction and D-dimer to establish the individual risk of recurrence and thus the necessity to prolong or stop anticoagulation ( with VKAs but also with newer anticoagulants) after venous thromboembolism.
The pre-defined objectives of the study are the following:
- to obtain a recurrence rate < 5% per year in the first and second year after anticoagulation is suspended according to the procedure ii) to allow that after treatment for the first episode of venous thromboembolism, anticoagulation suspension in feasible in at least 40% of all subjects included in the study.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 1. anticoagulation suspension | – | Other: D-dimereligible patients undergo measurement of residual venous obstruction (RVO) with compression ultrasound (CUS) in case of a previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) with echocardiography in case of previous pulmonary embolism (PE). In patients with RVO is less < 4 mm in case of a previous DVT and/or PAP is normal with echocardiography in case of previous PE and in those who have undergone additional 6 months of therapy for previously altered RVO, D-dimer is measured during anticoagulation. If D-dimer is below age and gender cut-offs , anticoagulation is interrupted and D-dimer is then re-assessed after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. If all the D-dimer measurements are below the cut-offs, anticoagulation is definitely interrupted and patients are followed-up for two years. |
| 2. anticoagulation prolongation | – | Other: D-dimerIf RVO is greater than 4 mm at CUS of the lower limbs and/or PAP is increased (> 35 mmHg, > 40 mmHg in the elderly or obese), anticoagulation is prolonged for additional 6 months and the measures of RVO and/oR PAP are repeated. In those in whom PAP is altered also after 6 months of additional therapy, anticoagulation is prolonged. In patients with RVO is less < 4 mm in case of a previous DVT and/or PAP is normal with echocardiography in case of previous PE and in those who have undergone additional 6 months of therapy for previously altered RVO, D-dimer is measured during anticoagulation. If D-dimer is above age and gender cut-offs , anticoagulation is prolonged. If D-dimer is below the cut-offs , anticoagulation is interrupted and D-dimer is then re-assessed after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. If one of these D-dimer measurement is above the cut-off , anticoagulation is resumed for at least 6 months and patients are re-evaluated. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Patients with a first episode of venous thromboembolism attending anticoagulation clinics or general practitioners
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Age > 18 years first episode of objectively documented symptomatic idiopathic VTE, either proximal lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE).
- Unprovoked or idiopathic , or associated with one or more of the following favouring factors
- - minor general surgery, arthroscopy or laparoscopy
- pregnancy or puerperium
- hormonal treatment (contraceptive or replacement therapy)
Key exclusion criteria (20 listed)
- Two or more episodes of objectively documented proximal DVT and or PE ( previous distal of superficial vein thrombosis are not exclusion criteria)
- Index event was isolate distal ( calf) vein thrombosis
- Index event was PE associated with shock or prolonged hypotension at high risk
- Index event was DVT in sites different from the lower limbs
- Pregnancy or puerperium ( first 6 weeks after delivery) at the time of the visit
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| D-dimerAlso: D-dimer, fibrin fibrinogen degradation productsD-dimer is performed at the time of anticoagulation suspension. If above or below age and gender specific cut-offs, anticoagulation is stopped and D- dimer repeated after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. | Other | 1. anticoagulation suspension, 2. anticoagulation prolongation |
Primary outcome
Recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major and minor but clinically relevant bleeding
Time frame: two years after enrollment
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Mar 2021.
- Background: PubMed 17065639Palareti G, Cosmi B, Legnani C, Tosetto A, Brusi C, Iorio A, Pengo V, Ghirarduzzi A, Pattacini C, Testa S, Lensing AW, Tripodi A; PROLONG Investigators. D-dimer testing to determine the duration of anticoagulation therapy. N Engl J Med. 2006 Oct 26;355(17):1780-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa054444.
- Background: PubMed 18443269Legnani C, Palareti G, Cosmi B, Cini M, Tosetto A, Tripodi A; PROLONG Investigators (FCSA and Italian Federation of Thrombosis Centers). Different cut-off values of quantitative D-dimer methods to predict the risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence: a post-hoc analysis of the PROLONG study. Haematologica. 2008 Jun;93(6):900-7. doi: 10.3324/haematol.12320. Epub 2008 Apr 28.
- Background: PubMed 18574272Kearon C, Kahn SR, Agnelli G, Goldhaber S, Raskob GE, Comerota AJ. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008 Jun;133(6 Suppl):454S-545S. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-0658.
- Background: PubMed 12484710Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Prins MH, Bernardi E, Marchiori A, Bagatella P, Frulla M, Mosena L, Tormene D, Piccioli A, Simioni P, Girolami A. Residual venous thrombosis as a predictive factor of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Dec 17;137(12):955-60. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00008.
- Background: PubMed 16270475Pengo V, Prandoni P. From acute pulmonary embolism to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Ital Heart J. 2005 Oct;6(10):830-3.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 26917615Palareti G, Cosmi B, Antonucci E, Legnani C, Erba N, Ghirarduzzi A, Poli D, Testa S, Tosetto A, Pengo V, Prandoni P; DULCIS investigators. Duration of anticoagulation after isolated pulmonary embolism. Eur Respir J. 2016 May;47(5):1429-35. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01126-2015. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 24879813Palareti G, Cosmi B, Legnani C, Antonucci E, De Micheli V, Ghirarduzzi A, Poli D, Testa S, Tosetto A, Pengo V, Prandoni P; DULCIS (D-dimer and ULtrasonography in Combination Italian Study) Investigators. D-dimer to guide the duration of anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism: a management study. Blood. 2014 Jul 10;124(2):196-203. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-01-548065. Epub 2014 May 30.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gualtiero Palareti, MD principal investigator
St.Orsola Malpighi University Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Venous Thromboembolism, run by IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 20 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Mar 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major and minor but clinically relevant bleeding (time frame: two years after enrollment). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00954395, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Mar 2021.