Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1GDCNCT01055093
Prospective Study on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications in Newly Diagnosed Adult Patients
An observational study of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, run by German Diabetes Center at 1 site in Germany.
Trial summary
The aim of the prospective observational GDC-Study in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus aged 18-69 years at inclusion into the study is to characterize in detail the clinical, metabolical and immunological phenotype and monitor the progression of the disease and to compare the phenotype to glucose… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 69 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- How many people
- 2,000 participants
- Where
- 1 siteGermany
- Study dates
- Sep 2005to Sep 2040
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 69 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Patients are recruited from the general populations by screening
Who may be able to join
- Clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus according to ADA criteria
- Age 18-69
- Diabetes duration since diagnosis < 12 months
- Control cohort: proven normal glucose tolerance according to ADA criteria
Who cannot join
- Diabetes mellitus category 3 B-H (ADA criteria)
- Pregnancy
- Severe renal, liver or heart disease
- malignant cancer
- severe psychiatric illness or addiction
- participation in an intervention trial
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Germany1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
German Diabetes Center
Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, 40225
Clinical Study Center, +49-211-3382-0 ext. -209, studienzentrum@ddz.de
Michael Roden, Prof., MD
About this study
The aim of the prospective observational GDC-Study in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus aged 18-69 years at inclusion into the study is to characterize in detail the clinical, metabolical and immunological phenotype and monitor the progression of the disease and to compare the phenotype to glucose tolerant humans of similar age, body mass and sex distribution.
Read the detailed description
In detail, the following questions will be answered:
- Are there different phenotypes with respect to insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, micro- and macrovascular status and diabetic neuropathy at time of diagnosis?
- Which factors modify the progression of the disease (Nutrition, subclinical inflammation, energy metabolism and physical activity)?
- Can we identify subgroups at baseline with different progression of the disease? Patients are thoroughly examined at baseline and after 2, 5, and 10 years with annual telephone contacts in between.
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, prospective observational study, diabetic complications
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Complications
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Cohort | Prospectively followed cohort of newly diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus, aged 18-69 years at inclusion into the study | |
| Control Cohort | Prospectively followed cohort of glucose tolerant humans, aged 18-69 years at inclusion into the study |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change of insulin sensitivity (M-Value)
measurement of whole body insulin sensitivity with hyperinsulinamic euglicamic clamp
Measured: 2 and 5 years
Secondary outcomes (2)
Change of insulin secretion
measurement of insulin secretion with glucagon test, mixed-meal test and intravenous glucose tolerance test
Measured: 2 and 5 years
Incidence of any diabetic complication
The prevalence of diabetic complications
Measured: 2-10 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Jan 2010 (estimated)
- Study startSep 2005
- Primary completionSep 2030 (estimated)
- Study completionSep 2040 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (42)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 2,000 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- German Diabetes Center
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Michael Roden, Prof., MD, Principal investigator, German Diabetes Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01055093
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GDC-Study-01
- Acronym
- GDC
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 22 Jan 2010
- Last updated
- 16 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Szendroedi J, Saxena A, Weber KS, Strassburger K, Herder C, Burkart V, Nowotny B, Icks A, Kuss O, Ziegler D, Al-Hasani H, Mussig K, Roden M; GDS Group. Cohort profile: the German Diabetes Study (GDS). Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016 Apr 7;15:59. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0374-9.
PubMed 27053136Kossler T, Bobrov P, Strassburger K, Kuss O, Zaharia OP, Karusheva Y, Moser C, Bodis K, Burkart V, Roden M, Szendroedi J; GDS Group. Impact of mixed meal tolerance test composition on measures of beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2021 May 4;18(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12986-021-00556-1.
PubMed 33947421Kupriyanova Y, Zaharia OP, Bobrov P, Karusheva Y, Burkart V, Szendroedi J, Hwang JH, Roden M; GDS group. Early changes in hepatic energy metabolism and lipid content in recent-onset type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. J Hepatol. 2021 May;74(5):1028-1037. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.030. Epub 2020 Nov 28.
PubMed 33259845Zaharia OP, Strassburger K, Knebel B, Kupriyanova Y, Karusheva Y, Wolkersdorfer M, Bodis K, Markgraf DF, Burkart V, Hwang JH, Kotzka J, Al-Hasani H, Szendroedi J, Roden M; GDS Group. Role of Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain-Containing 3 Gene for Hepatic Lipid Content and Insulin Resistance in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020 Sep;43(9):2161-2168. doi: 10.2337/dc20-0329. Epub 2020 Jun 19.
PubMed 32910776Maalmi H, Herder C, Strassburger K, Urner S, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Zaharia OP, Karusheva Y, Bongaerts BWC, Rathmann W, Burkart V, Szendroedi J, Roden M. Biomarkers of Inflammation and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Individuals with Recent-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Dec 1;105(12):dgaa622. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa622.
PubMed 32879938Kanti G, Anadol-Schmitz E, Bobrov P, Strassburger K, Kahl S, Zaharia OP, Sarabhai T, Karusheva Y, Burkart V, Markgraf DF, Trenkamp S, Ziegler D, Szendroedi J, Roden M; GDS Group. Vitamin B12 and Folate Concentrations in Recent-onset Type 2 Diabetes and the Effect of Metformin Treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jun 1;105(6):dgaa150. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa150.
PubMed 32219330Bodis K, Jelenik T, Lundbom J, Markgraf DF, Strom A, Zaharia OP, Karusheva Y, Burkart V, Mussig K, Kupriyanova Y, Ouni M, Wolkersdorfer M, Hwang JH, Ziegler D, Schurmann A, Roden M, Szendroedi J; GDS Study Group. Expansion and Impaired Mitochondrial Efficiency of Deep Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Apr 1;105(4):e1331-43. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz267.
PubMed 31838512Puttgen S, Bonhof GJ, Strom A, Mussig K, Szendroedi J, Roden M, Ziegler D. Augmented Corneal Nerve Fiber Branching in Painful Compared With Painless Diabetic Neuropathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Dec 1;104(12):6220-6228. doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-01072.
PubMed 31390004Zaharia OP, Strassburger K, Strom A, Bonhof GJ, Karusheva Y, Antoniou S, Bodis K, Markgraf DF, Burkart V, Mussig K, Hwang JH, Asplund O, Groop L, Ahlqvist E, Seissler J, Nawroth P, Kopf S, Schmid SM, Stumvoll M, Pfeiffer AFH, Kabisch S, Tselmin S, Haring HU, Ziegler D, Kuss O, Szendroedi J, Roden M; German Diabetes Study Group. Risk of diabetes-associated diseases in subgroups of patients with recent-onset diabetes: a 5-year follow-up study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Sep;7(9):684-694. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30187-1. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
PubMed 31345776Simon MC, Moller-Horigome A, Strassburger K, Nowotny B, Knebel B, Mussig K, Herder C, Szendroedi J, Roden MW; German Diabetes Study Group. Correlates of Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Disposal in Recent-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jun 1;104(6):2295-2304. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-02057.
PubMed 30689904Rathmann W, Strassburger K, Bongaerts B, Kuss O, Mussig K, Burkart V, Szendroedi J, Kotzka J, Knebel B, Al-Hasani H, Roden M; GDS Group. A variant of the glucose transporter gene SLC2A2 modifies the glycaemic response to metformin therapy in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2019 Feb;62(2):286-291. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4759-z. Epub 2018 Nov 9.
PubMed 30413829Grobosch S, Kuske S, Linnenkamp U, Ernstmann N, Stephan A, Genz J, Begun A, Haastert B, Szendroedi J, Mussig K, Burkart V, Roden M, Icks A; GDS Group. What information needs do people with recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus have and what are the associated factors? A cross-sectional study in Germany. BMJ Open. 2018 Oct 31;8(10):e017895. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017895.
PubMed 30385437Schroder K, Szendroedi J, Benthin A, Gontscharuk V, Ackermann P, Volker M, Steingrube N, Nowotny B, Ziegler D, Mussig K, Geerling G, Kuss O, Roden M, Guthoff R; GDS Cohort. German Diabetes Study - Baseline data of retinal layer thickness measured by SD-OCT in early diabetes mellitus. Acta Ophthalmol. 2019 Mar;97(2):e303-e307. doi: 10.1111/aos.13851. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
PubMed 30238609van Gemert T, Wolwer W, Weber KS, Hoyer A, Strassburger K, Bohnau NT, Bruggen MA, Ovelgonne K, Gossmann EM, Burkart V, Szendroedi J, Roden M, Mussig K; GDS Group. Cognitive Function Is Impaired in Patients with Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes, but Not Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2018 Aug 9;2018:1470476. doi: 10.1155/2018/1470476. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 30159333Ziegler D, Strom A, Kupriyanova Y, Bierwagen A, Bonhof GJ, Bodis K, Mussig K, Szendroedi J, Bobrov P, Markgraf DF, Hwang JH, Roden M; GDS Group. Association of Lower Cardiovagal Tone and Baroreflex Sensitivity With Higher Liver Fat Content Early in Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Mar 1;103(3):1130-1138. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-02294.
PubMed 29267946
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Prospective Study on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications in Newly Diagnosed Adult Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01055093
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- GDC / GDC-Study-01
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, prospective observational study, diabetic complications
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 2,000 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- German Diabetes CenterUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Sep 2005 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Sep 2030 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Sep 2040 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 Jan 2010 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of the prospective observational GDC-Study in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus aged 18-69 years at inclusion into the study is to characterize in detail the clinical, metabolical and immunological phenotype and monitor the progression of the disease and to compare the phenotype to glucose tolerant humans of similar age, body mass and sex distribution.
Detailed description
In detail, the following questions will be answered:
- Are there different phenotypes with respect to insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, micro- and macrovascular status and diabetic neuropathy at time of diagnosis?
- Which factors modify the progression of the disease (Nutrition, subclinical inflammation, energy metabolism and physical activity)?
- Can we identify subgroups at baseline with different progression of the disease? Patients are thoroughly examined at baseline and after 2, 5, and 10 years with annual telephone contacts in between.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Cohort | – | –Prospectively followed cohort of newly diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus, aged 18-69 years at inclusion into the study |
| Control Cohort | – | –Prospectively followed cohort of glucose tolerant humans, aged 18-69 years at inclusion into the study |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 69 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Patients are recruited from the general populations by screening
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus according to ADA criteria
- Age 18-69
- Diabetes duration since diagnosis < 12 months
- Control cohort: proven normal glucose tolerance according to ADA criteria
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Diabetes mellitus category 3 B-H (ADA criteria)
- Pregnancy
- Severe renal, liver or heart disease
- malignant cancer
- severe psychiatric illness or addiction
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Change of insulin sensitivity (M-Value)
Time frame: 2 and 5 years
measurement of whole body insulin sensitivity with hyperinsulinamic euglicamic clamp
2 secondary outcomes
Change of insulin secretion
Time frame: 2 and 5 years
Incidence of any diabetic complication
Time frame: 2-10 years
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Jul 2025.
- Results publication: PubMed 27053136Szendroedi J, Saxena A, Weber KS, Strassburger K, Herder C, Burkart V, Nowotny B, Icks A, Kuss O, Ziegler D, Al-Hasani H, Mussig K, Roden M; GDS Group. Cohort profile: the German Diabetes Study (GDS). Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016 Apr 7;15:59. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0374-9.
- Results publication: PubMed 33947421Kossler T, Bobrov P, Strassburger K, Kuss O, Zaharia OP, Karusheva Y, Moser C, Bodis K, Burkart V, Roden M, Szendroedi J; GDS Group. Impact of mixed meal tolerance test composition on measures of beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2021 May 4;18(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12986-021-00556-1.
- Results publication: PubMed 33259845Kupriyanova Y, Zaharia OP, Bobrov P, Karusheva Y, Burkart V, Szendroedi J, Hwang JH, Roden M; GDS group. Early changes in hepatic energy metabolism and lipid content in recent-onset type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. J Hepatol. 2021 May;74(5):1028-1037. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.030. Epub 2020 Nov 28.
- Results publication: PubMed 32910776Zaharia OP, Strassburger K, Knebel B, Kupriyanova Y, Karusheva Y, Wolkersdorfer M, Bodis K, Markgraf DF, Burkart V, Hwang JH, Kotzka J, Al-Hasani H, Szendroedi J, Roden M; GDS Group. Role of Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain-Containing 3 Gene for Hepatic Lipid Content and Insulin Resistance in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020 Sep;43(9):2161-2168. doi: 10.2337/dc20-0329. Epub 2020 Jun 19.
- Results publication: PubMed 32879938Maalmi H, Herder C, Strassburger K, Urner S, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Zaharia OP, Karusheva Y, Bongaerts BWC, Rathmann W, Burkart V, Szendroedi J, Roden M. Biomarkers of Inflammation and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Individuals with Recent-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Dec 1;105(12):dgaa622. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa622.
- Results publication: PubMed 32219330Kanti G, Anadol-Schmitz E, Bobrov P, Strassburger K, Kahl S, Zaharia OP, Sarabhai T, Karusheva Y, Burkart V, Markgraf DF, Trenkamp S, Ziegler D, Szendroedi J, Roden M; GDS Group. Vitamin B12 and Folate Concentrations in Recent-onset Type 2 Diabetes and the Effect of Metformin Treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jun 1;105(6):dgaa150. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa150.
- Results publication: PubMed 31838512Bodis K, Jelenik T, Lundbom J, Markgraf DF, Strom A, Zaharia OP, Karusheva Y, Burkart V, Mussig K, Kupriyanova Y, Ouni M, Wolkersdorfer M, Hwang JH, Ziegler D, Schurmann A, Roden M, Szendroedi J; GDS Study Group. Expansion and Impaired Mitochondrial Efficiency of Deep Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Apr 1;105(4):e1331-43. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz267.
- Results publication: PubMed 31390004Puttgen S, Bonhof GJ, Strom A, Mussig K, Szendroedi J, Roden M, Ziegler D. Augmented Corneal Nerve Fiber Branching in Painful Compared With Painless Diabetic Neuropathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Dec 1;104(12):6220-6228. doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-01072.
- Results publication: PubMed 31345776Zaharia OP, Strassburger K, Strom A, Bonhof GJ, Karusheva Y, Antoniou S, Bodis K, Markgraf DF, Burkart V, Mussig K, Hwang JH, Asplund O, Groop L, Ahlqvist E, Seissler J, Nawroth P, Kopf S, Schmid SM, Stumvoll M, Pfeiffer AFH, Kabisch S, Tselmin S, Haring HU, Ziegler D, Kuss O, Szendroedi J, Roden M; German Diabetes Study Group. Risk of diabetes-associated diseases in subgroups of patients with recent-onset diabetes: a 5-year follow-up study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Sep;7(9):684-694. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30187-1. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
- Results publication: PubMed 30689904Simon MC, Moller-Horigome A, Strassburger K, Nowotny B, Knebel B, Mussig K, Herder C, Szendroedi J, Roden MW; German Diabetes Study Group. Correlates of Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Disposal in Recent-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jun 1;104(6):2295-2304. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-02057.
- Results publication: PubMed 30413829Rathmann W, Strassburger K, Bongaerts B, Kuss O, Mussig K, Burkart V, Szendroedi J, Kotzka J, Knebel B, Al-Hasani H, Roden M; GDS Group. A variant of the glucose transporter gene SLC2A2 modifies the glycaemic response to metformin therapy in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2019 Feb;62(2):286-291. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4759-z. Epub 2018 Nov 9.
- Results publication: PubMed 30385437Grobosch S, Kuske S, Linnenkamp U, Ernstmann N, Stephan A, Genz J, Begun A, Haastert B, Szendroedi J, Mussig K, Burkart V, Roden M, Icks A; GDS Group. What information needs do people with recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus have and what are the associated factors? A cross-sectional study in Germany. BMJ Open. 2018 Oct 31;8(10):e017895. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017895.
- Official website of the German Diabetes CenterLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Michael Roden, Prof., MD principal investigator
German Diabetes Center
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, run by German Diabetes Center at 1 site in Germany.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Germany. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Robert Wagner, Prof., MD (+49-211-3382 ext. -277, robert.wagner@ddz.de), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change of insulin sensitivity (M-Value) (time frame: 2 and 5 years). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01055093, which also lists 42 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Jul 2025.