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AzTrials

HealthyPhase 1NCT01111331

Drug Drug Interaction of Empagliflozin (BI 10773) and Warfarin in Healthy Volunteers

A Phase 1 study testing BI 10773 25 mg, Warfarin 25 mg and Warfarin in people with Healthy, run by Boehringer Ingelheim at 1 site in Germany.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The objective of the current study is to investigate the bioavailability of BI 10773 and of warfarin after concomitant multiple oral administration of BI 10773 and a single oral dose of warfarin in comparison to BI 10773 and warfarin given alone, and to investigate the pharmacodynamics of a single oral dose of… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 55 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Healthy
What is being tested?
BI 10773 25 mg, Warfarin 25 mg and Warfarin
Type of treatment
Pill or oral medicine
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
18 participants
Where
1 siteGermany
Study dates
May 2010to Jul 2010
Phase
Phase 1
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 55 years
  • Men only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Healthy male subjects

Who cannot join

None listed.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Germany1 site
  • 1245.18.1 Boehringer Ingelheim Investigational Site

    Biberach

Other trials in Germany

About this study

Official title: Relative Bioavailability of Both BI 10773 and Warfarin and Pharmacodynamics of Warfarin After Co-administration Compared to Multiple Oral Doses of BI 10773 (25 mg Once Daily) and a Single Oral Dose of Warfarin (25 mg) Alone in Healthy Male Volunteers (an Open-label, Crossover, Clinical Phase I Study)

The objective of the current study is to investigate the bioavailability of BI 10773 and of warfarin after concomitant multiple oral administration of BI 10773 and a single oral dose of warfarin in comparison to BI 10773 and warfarin given alone, and to investigate the pharmacodynamics of a single oral dose of warfarin with and without concomitant multiple oral administration of BI 10773.

Conditions
Healthy
Being tested
BI 10773 25 mg, Warfarin 25 mg, Warfarin

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • BI 10773 25 mgDrug

    25 mg BI 10773 qd for 5 days

  • Warfarin 25 mgDrug

    25 mg Warfarin single dose

  • BI 10773 25 mgDrug

    25 mg BI 10773 qd for 12 days

  • WarfarinDrug

    25 mg warfarin single dose with and without 50 mg BI 10773

Study groups in NCT01111331
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
BI 10773 25 mgExperimental1 tablet 25 mg BI 10773 qd for 5 days
Receives: Drug: BI 10773 25 mg
BI 10773 25 mg + Warfarin 25 mgExperimental1 tablet 25 mg BI 10773 qd for 7 days plus 5 tablets 5 mg warfarin single dose
Receives: Drug: BI 10773 25 mg; Drug: Warfarin 25 mg
Warfarin 25 mgActive comparator5 tablets 5 mg warfarin single dose
Receives: Drug: Warfarin

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Empagliflozin: Area Under the Curve for the Dosing Interval at Steady State (AUCτ,ss)

    Area under the plasma concentration-time curve for the dosing interval τ at steady state

    In addition to the specified time frame, pre-dose samples were collected on Days 1, 3, and 4 for empa and a post-dose sample on day 1 for empa plus warfarin.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h post-dose on Day 5 for for empa; 0h, 20min, 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h for empa plus warfarin.

  2. Empagliflozin: Maximum Measured Concentration at Steady State(Cmax,ss)

    Maximum measured plasma concentration of empagliflozin (empa) for the dosing interval τ at steady state.

    In addition to the below time frame, pre-dose samples were collected on Days 1, 3, and 4 for empa and a post-dose sample on day 1 for empa plus warfarin.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h post-dose on Day 5 for for empa; 0h, 20min, 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h for empa plus warfarin.

  3. Warfarin R-enantiomers: Area Under the Curve 0 to Infinity (AUC0-∞)

    Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time of dosing extrapolated to infinity.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  4. Warfarin R-enantiomers: Maximum Measured Concentration (Cmax)

    Maximum measured concentration of the analyte in plasma.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  5. Warfarin S-enantiomers: Area Under the Curve 0 to Infinity (AUC0-∞)

    Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time of dosing extrapolated to infinity.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  6. Warfarin S-enantiomers: Maximum Measured Concentration (Cmax)

    Maximum measured concentration of the analyte in plasma

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

Secondary outcomes (30)
  1. Empagliflozin: Plasma Concentration 24 Hours After Administration of Dose (C24,N)

    Plasma concentration of empagliflozin (empa) measured 24 hours after administration of the fourth dose (Cpre,5) and after the sixth dose (Cpre,7).

    Measured: 24 hours after dose 4 or 6 respectively (day 5 and day 7)

  2. Empagliflozin: Terminal Rate Constant at Steady State (λz,ss)

    Terminal rate constant of empagliflozin (empa) in plasma at steady state.

    In addition to the below time frame, pre-dose samples were collected on Days 1, 3, and 4 for empa and a post-dose sample on day 1 for empa plus warfarin.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h post-dose on Day 5 for for empa; 0h, 20min, 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h for empa plus warfarin.

  3. Empagliflozin: Terminal Half-life at Steady State (t1/2,ss)

    Terminal half-life of empagliflozin (empa) in plasma at steady state.

    In addition to the below time frame, pre-dose samples were collected on Days 1, 3, and 4 for empa and a post-dose sample on day 1 for empa plus warfarin.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h post-dose on Day 5 for for empa; 0h, 20min, 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h for empa plus warfarin.

  4. Empagliflozin: Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration at Steady State (Tmax,ss)

    Time from last dosing to maximum plasma concentration at steady state over a uniform dosing interval τ.

    In addition to the below time frame, pre-dose samples were collected on Days 1, 3, and 4 for empa and a post-dose sample on day 1 for empa plus warfarin.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h post-dose on Day 5 for for empa; 0h, 20min, 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h for empa plus warfarin

  5. Empagliflozin: Mean Residence Time at Steady State After Oral Administration (MRTpo,ss)

    Mean residence time of empagliflozin (empa) in the body at steady state after oral administration.

    In addition to the below time frame, pre-dose samples were collected on Days 1, 3, and 4 for empa and a post-dose sample on day 1 for empa plus warfarin.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h post-dose on Day 5 for for empa; 0h, 20min, 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h for empa plus warfarin.

  6. Empagliflozin: Apparent Clearance at Steady State (CL/F,ss)

    Apparent clearance in plasma after extravascular administration at steady state.

    In addition to the below time frame, pre-dose samples were collected on Days 1, 3, and 4 for empa and a post-dose sample on day 1 for empa plus warfarin.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h post-dose on Day 5 for for empa; 0h, 20min, 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h for empa plus warfarin.

  7. Empagliflozin: Apparent Volume of Distribution Following Extravascular Administration (Vz/F,ss)

    Apparent volume of distribution during the terminal phase at steady state following extravascular administration.

    In addition to the below time frame, pre-dose samples were collected on Days 1, 3, and 4 for empa and a post-dose sample on day 1 for empa plus warfarin.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h post-dose on Day 5 for for empa; 0h, 20min, 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h for empa plus warfarin

  8. Warfarin R-enantiomers: Area Under the Curve 0 to Last Measurable Data Point (AUC0-tz)

    Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time of dosing to time of last measurable data point.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  9. Warfarin R-enantiomers: Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax)

    Time from dosing until maximum plasma concentration is reached

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  10. Warfarin R-enantiomers: Terminal Rate Constant (λz)

    Terminal rate constant in plasma

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  11. Warfarin R-enantiomers: Terminal Half-life (t1/2)

    Terminal half-life of the analyte in plasma

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  12. Warfarin R-enantiomers: Mean Residence Time After Oral Administration (MRTpo)

    Mean residence time of the analyte in the body after oral administration

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  13. Warfarin R-enantiomers: Apparent Clearance After Extravascular Administration (CL/F)

    Apparent clearance in plasma after extravascular administration

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  14. Warfarin R-enantiomers: Apparent Volume of Distribution Following Extravascular Administration (Vz/F)

    Apparent volume of distribution during the terminal phase λz following extravascular administration

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  15. Warfarin S-enantiomers: Area Under the Curve 0 to Last Measurable Data Point (AUC0-tz)

    Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time of dosing to time of last measurable data point.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  16. Warfarin S-enantiomers: Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax)

    Time from dosing until maximum plasma concentration is reached

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  17. Warfarin S-enantiomers: Terminal Rate Constant (λz)

    Terminal rate constant in plasma

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  18. Warfarin S-enantiomers: Terminal Half-life (t1/2)

    Terminal half-life of the analyte in plasma

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  19. Warfarin S-enantiomers: Mean Residence Time After Oral Administration (MRTpo)

    Mean residence time of the analyte in the body after oral administration

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  20. Warfarin S-enantiomers: Apparent Clearance After Extravascular Administration (CL/F)

    Apparent clearance in plasma after extravascular administration

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  21. Warfarin S-enantiomers: Apparent Volume of Distribution Following Extravascular Administration (Vz/F)

    Apparent volume of distribution during the terminal phase λz following extravascular administration

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  22. Warfarin: Peak International Normalised Ratio (INRmax)

    Peak international normalised ratio for warfarin, measured as the maximum INR over time.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  23. Warfarin: Area Under the INR-time Curve From 0 to Last Measurable Data Point (INR AUEC0-tz)

    Area under the concentration time curve of the INR measurements over the time interval from 0 to the time of the last quantifiable data point.

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  24. Warfarin: Peak International Normalised Ratio Adjusted to Baseline (INRmax,Base)

    Peak international normalised ratio for warfarin adjusted for baseline value (before any trial drug administration) of peak international normalised ratio

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  25. Warfarin: Peak Prothrombin Time (PTmax)

    Peak prothrombin time

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  26. Warfarin: Area Under the INR-time Curve From 0 to Last Measurable Data Point Adjusted to Baseline (INR AUEC0-tz,Base)

    Area under the INR-time curve from time of dosing to time of last measurable data point adjusted for baseline value (before any trial drug administration) of area under the INR-time curve

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  27. Warfarin: Area Under the PT-time Curve From 0 to Last Measurable Data Point (PT AUEC0-tz)

    Area under the PT-time curve from time of dosing to time of last measurable data point

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  28. Warfarin: Peak Prothrombin Time Adjusted to Baseline (PTmax,Base)

    Peak prothrombin time adjusted for baseline value (before any trial drug administration) of peak prothrombin

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  29. Warfarin: Area Under the PT-time Curve From 0 to Last Measurable Data Point Adjusted to Baseline (PT AUEC0-tz,Base)

    Area under the PT-time curve from time of dosing to time of last measurable data point adjusted for baseline value (before any trial drug administration) of area under the PT-time curve

    Measured: 0 hours (h), 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h after administration of warfarin for both warfarin alone and warfarin plus empagliflozin

  30. Clinically Relevant Abnormalities for Physical Examination, Vital Signs, ECG, Blood Chemistry and Assessment of Tolerability by Investigator

    Clinically relevant abnormalities for physical examination, vital signs, ECG, blood chemistry and assessment of tolerability by investigator. New abnormal findings or worsening of baseline conditions were reported as Adverse Events.

    Measured: Drug administration until beginning of next sequence/end of trial, 35 days

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted27 Apr 2010 (estimated)
  2. Study startMay 2010
  3. Primary completionJul 2010

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 1
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
18 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT01111331
Sponsor's protocol ID
1245.18
Other IDs
2009-018088-29, 2009
Status last verified
Jun 2014
First submitted
26 Apr 2010
Last updated
23 Jul 2014

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 1 study testing BI 10773 25 mg, Warfarin 25 mg and Warfarin in people with Healthy, run by Boehringer Ingelheim at 1 site in Germany.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 0 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Jul 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Germany. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 23 Jul 2014). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Empagliflozin: Area Under the Curve for the Dosing Interval at Steady State (AUCτ,ss) (time frame: 0 hours (h), 20 minutes (min), 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h post-dose on Day 5 for for empa; 0h, 20min, 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h for empa plus warfarin.). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Jul 2014.

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