PregnancyNCT01127022
Effect of Maternal Choline Intake on Choline Status and Health Biomarkers During Pregnancy and Lactation
A study testing choline chloride in people with Pregnancy and Lactation, run by Cornell University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of varied maternal choline intake on maternal/fetal biomarkers of choline status, genomic expression and metabolomic profiling. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- What is being tested?
- choline chloride
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 82 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jan 2009to Dec 2011
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Pregnant (wk 27 gestation) or lactating (postnatal day 30) or nonpregnant
- Healthy
- Non-smoker
Who cannot join
- Liver or kidney problems
- Alcohol or illegal drug misuse/abuse
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University
Ithaca, New York, 14853
About this study
Official title: Effect of Maternal Choline Intake on Maternal/Fetal Biomarkers of Choline Status
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of varied maternal choline intake on maternal/fetal biomarkers of choline status, genomic expression and metabolomic profiling.
Read the detailed description
Choline is a micronutrient used for the structural integrity of cell membranes, lipid transport/metabolism, methylation reactions and cholinergic neurotransmission. Prenatal and early postnatal choline exposure plays a critical role in brain development and cognition based on animal data. Although it is recognized that choline use is particularly high during pregnancy and lactation, the level of choline intake needed to optimize maternal and fetal health outcomes is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic and genomic effects of two doses of choline intake, 450 mg/d (the adequate intake level for pregnant women) and 900 mg/d in pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant control women. A secondary objective was to examine the effect of extra maternal choline intake on the child's cognitive performance (i.e, learning, memory and attention). To accomplish these objectives, pregnant women (wk 27 gestation), nonpregnant control women, and lactating women consumed controlled choline intakes of 480 or 930 mg/d for 10 to 12 weeks. The basal diet provided 380 mg/d; supplemental choline chloride, 100 or 550 mg/d, was used to achieve the target intake levels. During the last half of the study, a small portion (~ 20%) of the total choline intake was derived from deuterium labeled choline, a stable isotope. Blood, urine and/or breast milk were collected at baseline and at select timepoints throughout the study duration. For pregnant women, a maternal blood sample was obtained at the time of delivery along with a cord blood sample and the placental tissue. Genomic and metabolomic profiling were performed on the collected biological samples along with specific measurements of choline status. Non-invasive tests assessing cognitive function were performed on the children of the pregnant and lactating study participants. This controlled feeding study has also been extended to investigate dose-response relationships for other micronutrients including folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and biotin.
- Being tested
- choline chloride
- Keywords
- Pregnancy, Lactation, Choline, Cognition, Biomarkers
- Medical subject headings
- Breast Feeding
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
choline chlorideDietary supplement
Women will consume a diet providing 380 mg/d total choline plus 100 mg/d supplemental choline [from choline chloride] for a total choline intake of 480 mg/d. The choline chloride will be administered in cran-grape juice.
Choline ChlorideDietary supplement
Women will consume a diet providing 380 mg/d total choline plus 550 mg/d supplemental choline [from choline chloride] for a total choline intake of 930 mg/d. The choline chloride will be administered in cran-grape juice.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 480 mg/d choline intake | Active comparator | 480 mg/d choline derived from the diet [380 mg choline/d] plus supplemental choline chloride [100 mg choline/d] Receives: Dietary Supplement: choline chloride |
| 930 mg/d choline intake | Experimental | 930 mg/d choline derived from the diet [380 mg choline/d] plus supplemental choline chloride [550 mg choline/d] Receives: Dietary Supplement: Choline Chloride |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Maternal biomarkers of choline status
Measured: 10-12 Weeks
Secondary outcomes (4)
Genomic expression as function of maternal choline intake
Measured: 10-12 Weeks
Cognitive performance in children of study participants
Measured: 12 months
Metabolomic profiling as a function of maternal choline intake
Measured: 10-12 Weeks
Biomarkers for additional micronutrients
Measured: 10-12 Weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 May 2010 (estimated)
- Study startJan 2009
- Primary completionDec 2010
- Study completionDec 2011
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for PregnancyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 82 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cornell University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Egg Board, National Cattlemen's Beef Association, a contractor to the Beef Checkoff, USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Marie A Caudill, PhD, RD, Principal investigator, Cornell University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01127022
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- OSP No: 59370, 57100, 58222
- Status last verified
- Sep 2013
- First submitted
- 17 May 2010
- Last updated
- 18 Sep 2013
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Yan J, Jiang X, West AA, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Devapatla S, Pressman E, Vermeylen F, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Caudill MA. Maternal choline intake modulates maternal and fetal biomarkers of choline metabolism in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 May;95(5):1060-71. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.022772. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
PubMed 22418088Jiang X, Bar HY, Yan J, West AA, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Devapatla S, Pressman E, Vermeylen FM, Wells MT, Caudill MA. Pregnancy induces transcriptional activation of the peripheral innate immune system and increases oxidative DNA damage among healthy third trimester pregnant women. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e46736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046736. Epub 2012 Nov 2.
PubMed 23133592Jiang X, Yan J, West AA, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Devapatla S, Pressman E, Vermeylen F, Caudill MA. Maternal choline intake alters the epigenetic state of fetal cortisol-regulating genes in humans. FASEB J. 2012 Aug;26(8):3563-74. doi: 10.1096/fj.12-207894. Epub 2012 May 1.
PubMed 22549509West AA, Yan J, Perry CA, Jiang X, Malysheva OV, Caudill MA. Folate-status response to a controlled folate intake in nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;96(4):789-800. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.037523. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
PubMed 22932279Jiang X, Bar HY, Yan J, Jones S, Brannon PM, West AA, Perry CA, Ganti A, Pressman E, Devapatla S, Vermeylen F, Wells MT, Caudill MA. A higher maternal choline intake among third-trimester pregnant women lowers placental and circulating concentrations of the antiangiogenic factor fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1). FASEB J. 2013 Mar;27(3):1245-53. doi: 10.1096/fj.12-221648. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
PubMed 23195033West AA, Yan J, Jiang X, Perry CA, Innis SM, Caudill MA. Choline intake influences phosphatidylcholine DHA enrichment in nonpregnant women but not in pregnant women in the third trimester. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):718-27. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.050211. Epub 2013 Feb 27.
PubMed 23446897Bahnfleth CL, Strupp BJ, Caudill MA, Canfield RL. Prenatal choline supplementation improves child sustained attention: A 7-year follow-up of a randomized controlled feeding trial. FASEB J. 2022 Jan;36(1):e22054. doi: 10.1096/fj.202101217R.
PubMed 34962672Klatt KC, McDougall MQ, Malysheva OV, Brenna JT, Roberson MS, Caudill MA. Reproductive state and choline intake influence enrichment of plasma lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: a post hoc analysis of a controlled feeding trial. Br J Nutr. 2019 Dec 14;122(11):1221-1229. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519002009.
PubMed 31782377Park H, Brannon PM, West AA, Yan J, Jiang X, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Mehta S, Caudill MA. Vitamin D Metabolism Varies among Women in Different Reproductive States Consuming the Same Intakes of Vitamin D and Related Nutrients. J Nutr. 2016 Aug;146(8):1537-45. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.229971. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
PubMed 27335139Davenport C, Yan J, Taesuwan S, Shields K, West AA, Jiang X, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Caudill MA. Choline intakes exceeding recommendations during human lactation improve breast milk choline content by increasing PEMT pathway metabolites. J Nutr Biochem. 2015 Sep;26(9):903-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.03.004. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
PubMed 26025328Bae S, West AA, Yan J, Jiang X, Perry CA, Malysheva O, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Caudill MA. Vitamin B-12 Status Differs among Pregnant, Lactating, and Control Women with Equivalent Nutrient Intakes. J Nutr. 2015 Jul;145(7):1507-14. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.210757. Epub 2015 May 20.
PubMed 25995278Perry CA, West AA, Gayle A, Lucas LK, Yan J, Jiang X, Malysheva O, Caudill MA. Pregnancy and lactation alter biomarkers of biotin metabolism in women consuming a controlled diet. J Nutr. 2014 Dec;144(12):1977-84. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.194472. Epub 2014 Aug 13.
PubMed 25122647Yan J, Jiang X, West AA, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Brenna JT, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Gregory JF 3rd, Caudill MA. Pregnancy alters choline dynamics: results of a randomized trial using stable isotope methodology in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Dec;98(6):1459-67. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.066092. Epub 2013 Oct 16.
PubMed 24132975
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Sep 2013. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Maternal Choline Intake on Maternal/Fetal Biomarkers of Choline Status
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01127022
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- OSP No: 59370, 57100, 58222
- Keywords
- Pregnancy, Lactation, Choline, Cognition, Biomarkers
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 82 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Cornell UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Egg Board, National Cattlemen's Beef Association, a contractor to the Beef Checkoff, USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center
- Study start
- Jan 2009
- Primary completion
- Dec 2010 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2011 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 May 2010 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of varied maternal choline intake on maternal/fetal biomarkers of choline status, genomic expression and metabolomic profiling.
Detailed description
Choline is a micronutrient used for the structural integrity of cell membranes, lipid transport/metabolism, methylation reactions and cholinergic neurotransmission. Prenatal and early postnatal choline exposure plays a critical role in brain development and cognition based on animal data. Although it is recognized that choline use is particularly high during pregnancy and lactation, the level of choline intake needed to optimize maternal and fetal health outcomes is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic and genomic effects of two doses of choline intake, 450 mg/d (the adequate intake level for pregnant women) and 900 mg/d in pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant control women. A secondary objective was to examine the effect of extra maternal choline intake on the child's cognitive performance (i.e, learning, memory and attention). To accomplish these objectives, pregnant women (wk 27 gestation), nonpregnant control women, and lactating women consumed controlled choline intakes of 480 or 930 mg/d for 10 to 12 weeks. The basal diet provided 380 mg/d; supplemental choline chloride, 100 or 550 mg/d, was used to achieve the target intake levels. During the last half of the study, a small portion (~ 20%) of the total choline intake was derived from deuterium labeled choline, a stable isotope. Blood, urine and/or breast milk were collected at baseline and at select timepoints throughout the study duration. For pregnant women, a maternal blood sample was obtained at the time of delivery along with a cord blood sample and the placental tissue. Genomic and metabolomic profiling were performed on the collected biological samples along with specific measurements of choline status. Non-invasive tests assessing cognitive function were performed on the children of the pregnant and lactating study participants. This controlled feeding study has also been extended to investigate dose-response relationships for other micronutrients including folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and biotin.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 480 mg/d choline intake | Active comparator | Dietary Supplement: choline chloride480 mg/d choline derived from the diet [380 mg choline/d] plus supplemental choline chloride [100 mg choline/d] |
| 930 mg/d choline intake | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Choline Chloride930 mg/d choline derived from the diet [380 mg choline/d] plus supplemental choline chloride [550 mg choline/d] |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Pregnant (wk 27 gestation) or lactating (postnatal day 30) or nonpregnant
- Healthy
- Non-smoker
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Liver or kidney problems
- Alcohol or illegal drug misuse/abuse
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| choline chlorideWomen will consume a diet providing 380 mg/d total choline plus 100 mg/d supplemental choline [from choline chloride] for a total choline intake of 480 mg/d. The choline chloride will be administered in cran-grape juice. | Dietary supplement | 480 mg/d choline intake |
| Choline ChlorideWomen will consume a diet providing 380 mg/d total choline plus 550 mg/d supplemental choline [from choline chloride] for a total choline intake of 930 mg/d. The choline chloride will be administered in cran-grape juice. | Dietary supplement | 930 mg/d choline intake |
Primary outcome
Maternal biomarkers of choline status
Time frame: 10-12 Weeks
4 secondary outcomes
Genomic expression as function of maternal choline intake
Time frame: 10-12 Weeks
Cognitive performance in children of study participants
Time frame: 12 months
Metabolomic profiling as a function of maternal choline intake
Time frame: 10-12 Weeks
Biomarkers for additional micronutrients
Time frame: 10-12 Weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Sep 2013.
- Results publication: PubMed 22418088Yan J, Jiang X, West AA, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Devapatla S, Pressman E, Vermeylen F, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Caudill MA. Maternal choline intake modulates maternal and fetal biomarkers of choline metabolism in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 May;95(5):1060-71. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.022772. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
- Results publication: PubMed 23133592Jiang X, Bar HY, Yan J, West AA, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Devapatla S, Pressman E, Vermeylen FM, Wells MT, Caudill MA. Pregnancy induces transcriptional activation of the peripheral innate immune system and increases oxidative DNA damage among healthy third trimester pregnant women. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e46736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046736. Epub 2012 Nov 2.
- Results publication: PubMed 22549509Jiang X, Yan J, West AA, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Devapatla S, Pressman E, Vermeylen F, Caudill MA. Maternal choline intake alters the epigenetic state of fetal cortisol-regulating genes in humans. FASEB J. 2012 Aug;26(8):3563-74. doi: 10.1096/fj.12-207894. Epub 2012 May 1.
- Results publication: PubMed 22932279West AA, Yan J, Perry CA, Jiang X, Malysheva OV, Caudill MA. Folate-status response to a controlled folate intake in nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;96(4):789-800. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.037523. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
- Results publication: PubMed 23195033Jiang X, Bar HY, Yan J, Jones S, Brannon PM, West AA, Perry CA, Ganti A, Pressman E, Devapatla S, Vermeylen F, Wells MT, Caudill MA. A higher maternal choline intake among third-trimester pregnant women lowers placental and circulating concentrations of the antiangiogenic factor fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1). FASEB J. 2013 Mar;27(3):1245-53. doi: 10.1096/fj.12-221648. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
- Results publication: PubMed 23446897West AA, Yan J, Jiang X, Perry CA, Innis SM, Caudill MA. Choline intake influences phosphatidylcholine DHA enrichment in nonpregnant women but not in pregnant women in the third trimester. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):718-27. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.050211. Epub 2013 Feb 27.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 34962672Bahnfleth CL, Strupp BJ, Caudill MA, Canfield RL. Prenatal choline supplementation improves child sustained attention: A 7-year follow-up of a randomized controlled feeding trial. FASEB J. 2022 Jan;36(1):e22054. doi: 10.1096/fj.202101217R.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 31782377Klatt KC, McDougall MQ, Malysheva OV, Brenna JT, Roberson MS, Caudill MA. Reproductive state and choline intake influence enrichment of plasma lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: a post hoc analysis of a controlled feeding trial. Br J Nutr. 2019 Dec 14;122(11):1221-1229. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519002009.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 27335139Park H, Brannon PM, West AA, Yan J, Jiang X, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Mehta S, Caudill MA. Vitamin D Metabolism Varies among Women in Different Reproductive States Consuming the Same Intakes of Vitamin D and Related Nutrients. J Nutr. 2016 Aug;146(8):1537-45. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.229971. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 26025328Davenport C, Yan J, Taesuwan S, Shields K, West AA, Jiang X, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Caudill MA. Choline intakes exceeding recommendations during human lactation improve breast milk choline content by increasing PEMT pathway metabolites. J Nutr Biochem. 2015 Sep;26(9):903-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.03.004. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 25995278Bae S, West AA, Yan J, Jiang X, Perry CA, Malysheva O, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Caudill MA. Vitamin B-12 Status Differs among Pregnant, Lactating, and Control Women with Equivalent Nutrient Intakes. J Nutr. 2015 Jul;145(7):1507-14. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.210757. Epub 2015 May 20.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 25122647Perry CA, West AA, Gayle A, Lucas LK, Yan J, Jiang X, Malysheva O, Caudill MA. Pregnancy and lactation alter biomarkers of biotin metabolism in women consuming a controlled diet. J Nutr. 2014 Dec;144(12):1977-84. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.194472. Epub 2014 Aug 13.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Marie A Caudill, PhD, RD principal investigator
Cornell University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing choline chloride in people with Pregnancy and Lactation, run by Cornell University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Sep 2013. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Maternal biomarkers of choline status (time frame: 10-12 Weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01127022, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Sep 2013.