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Prostate CancerPhase 3FLAMENCT01168479

FLAME: Investigate the Benefit of a Focal Lesion Ablative Microboost in Prostate Cancer

A Phase 3 study testing FLAME boost and standard arm in people with Prostate Cancer and Radiotherapy, run by UMC Utrecht at 4 sites in 2 countries.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Rationale: Dose escalation in external-beam irradiation has proven to benefit outcome in local prostate cancer. Randomized trials were performed up to doses of 78 Gy in 2 Gy fractions. Nevertheless, the five-year biochemical relapse rate still was approximately 35% in the high-dose arm. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older, men only
Conditions the study is for
Prostate Cancer, Radiotherapy, MRI
What is being tested?
FLAME boost and standard arm
Type of treatment
Surgery or procedure
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
571 participants
Where
4 sitesin 2 countries
Study dates
Sep 2009to Jan 2016
Phase
Phase 3
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • Men only
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Prostate cancer patients scheduled for external beam radiotherapy using IMRT and fiducial marker-based position verification
  • Intermediate and high risk prostate cancer, defined by Ash et al. 2000, namely:
  • One or more factors: T2, or Gleasonscore >7, or iPSA > 10 ng/mL
  • WHO score 0-2

Who cannot join

  • Low risk prostate cancer, defined by Ash et al. 2000
  • World Heath Organisation (WHO) score >2
  • International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) >20
  • If for any patient related reason an MRI cannot be performed
  • If anticoagulation cannot be stopped temporarily regarding the implant of fiducial markers
  • Previous prostatectomy (except from Trans Urethral Prostatectomy (TURP))
  • TURP within 3 months from start treatment
  • Previous pelvic irradiation

Trial locations and contacts

4 sites in 2 countries.

4 sites in 2 countries

Netherlands3 sites
  • NKI-AvL

    Amsterdam, North Holland, 1066CX

  • Radboud UMC

    Nijmegen, Gelderland, 6500HB

  • University Medical Center Utrecht

    Utrecht, 3584CX

Other trials in Netherlands

Belgium1 site
  • University Hospitals Leuven

    Leuven, Vlaans-Brabant, 3000

Other trials in Belgium

About this study

Official title: FLAME: Single Blind Randomized Phase III Trial to Investigate the Benefit of a Focal Lesion Ablative Microboost in Prostate Cancer

Rationale: Dose escalation in external-beam irradiation has proven to benefit outcome in local prostate cancer. Randomized trials were performed up to doses of 78 Gy in 2 Gy fractions. Nevertheless, the five-year biochemical relapse rate still was approximately 35% in the high-dose arm. Therefore further dose escalation seems to be required. A feasibility study up to appr. 85 Gy on the entire prostate has already been performed and showed acceptable toxicity when combined with adequate position verification. Higher doses to the entire prostate are expected to increase severe toxicity. As local recurrences only occur at the site of the primary macroscopic tumour area the next step in increasing the dose should be an ablative boost to the macroscopic tumour alone, while electively irradiating the rest of the prostate to the current gold standard dose. Feasibility of this approach has been shown for an ablative dose of 95 Gy to the macroscopic tumour within the prostate.

Read the detailed description

Objective:

  • Primary study objective: To demonstrate the superiority of the ablative microboost dose schedule regarding 5-year biochemical no evidence of disease rate compared to the current standard of care.
  • Secondary study objectives: Establish and compare the rates of treatment-related toxicity, quality of life and disease-free survival.

Study design: Single blind prospective randomized controlled phase III trial.

Study population: Patients with intermediate or high risk adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Intermediate or high risk is defined according to the Ash et al. 2000 criteria as:

  • One (intermediate-risk) or more (high-risk) factors: T2, or Gleasonscore=7, or iPSA 10-20 ng/mL
  • One or more (high-risk) factors: T3, or Gleasonscore >7, or iPSA >20 ng/mL

Intervention: The standard arm receives the current gold standard, namely 77Gy to the prostate in 35 fractions of 2.2 Gy, 5 times per week. In the experimental arm patients receive in addition to the current gold standard of 77 Gy to the prostate an integrated boost to the macroscopically visible tumour to reach a total dose of 95 Gy in 35 fractions of 2.7 Gy, 5 times per week.

Main study endpoint: To decrease the five-year biochemical relapse rate with at least 10%.

Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness:

Patients will have to fill in a quality of life questionnaire before and after the radiotherapy treatments. The risk associated with the increased dose to the macroscopic tumour is an increase of toxicity and a reduction of quality of life.

Being tested
FLAME boost, standard arm
Keywords
prostate cancer, external beam radiotherapy, dose escalation, dose painting, 95Gy in 35 fractions, MRI, FLAME
Medical subject headings
Prostatic Neoplasms

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • FLAME boostRadiation

    Also called FLAME

    In the experimental arm patients receive in addition to the current gold standard of 77 Gy to the prostate an integrated boost to the macroscopically visible tumour to reach a total dose of 95 Gy in 35 fractions of 2.7 Gy, 5 times per week.

  • standard armRadiation

    Also called normal dose

    The standard arm receives the current gold standard, namely 77Gy to the prostate in 35 fractions of 2.2 Gy, 5 times per week.

Study groups in NCT01168479
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
standard armActive comparatorThe standard arm receives the current gold standard, namely 77Gy to the prostate in 35 fractions of 2.2 Gy, 5 times per week.
Receives: Radiation: standard arm
FLAME boostExperimentalIn the experimental arm patients receive in addition to the current gold standard of 77 Gy to the prostate an integrated boost to the macroscopically visible tumour to reach a total dose of 95 Gy in 35 fractions of 2.7 Gy, 5 times per week.
Receives: Radiation: FLAME boost

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. To demonstrate the superiority of the ablative microboost dose schedule regarding 5-year biochemical no evidence of disease rate compared to the current standard of care.

    PSA relapse is defined by the Phoenix definition (2005) as nadir +2ng/ml.

    Measured: Every six months for 10 years

Secondary outcomes (3)
  1. Establish and compare the rates of treatment-related toxicity.

    Toxicity is scored by Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC). Every grade>2 is considered severe toxicity.

    Measured: Every six months until 10 years

  2. quality of life

    Quality of life is measured by: SF-36, EORTC-C30 and EORTC-PR25.

    Measured: every six months until 10 year

  3. Disease specific survival

    Death with metastases is considered a death caused by the disease.

    Measured: every 6 montths until 10 years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted23 Jul 2010 (estimated)
  2. Study startSep 2009
  3. Primary completionJan 2016
  4. Study completionJan 2016

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Participant
Enrolment
571 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT01168479
Sponsor's protocol ID
UMCU-FLAME
Acronym
FLAME
Status last verified
Jun 2020
First submitted
21 Jul 2010
Last updated
2 Jun 2020
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • Menne Guricova K, Groen V, Pos F, Monninkhof E, Elias SG, Haustermans K, Smeenk RJ, van der Voort van Zyp J, Draulans C, Isebaert S, van Houdt PJ, Kerkmeijer LGW, van der Heide UA. Risk Modeling for Individualization of the FLAME Focal Boost Approach in External Beam Radiation Therapy for Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2024 Jan 1;118(1):66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.07.044. Epub 2023 Sep 18.

    PubMed 37725026
  • Kowalchuk RO, Kim H, Harmsen WS, Jeans EB, Morris LK, Mullikin TC, Miller RC, Wong WW, Vargas CE, Trifiletti DM, Phillips RM, Choo CR, Davis BJ, Beriwal S, Tendulkar RD, Stish BJ, Breen WG, Waddle MR. Cost effectiveness of treatment strategies for high risk prostate cancer. Cancer. 2022 Nov 1;128(21):3815-3823. doi: 10.1002/cncr.34450. Epub 2022 Sep 7.

    PubMed 36070558
  • Groen VH, Haustermans K, Pos FJ, Draulans C, Isebaert S, Monninkhof EM, Smeenk RJ, Kunze-Busch M, de Boer JCJ, van der Voort van Zijp J, Kerkmeijer LGW, van der Heide UA. Patterns of Failure Following External Beam Radiotherapy With or Without an Additional Focal Boost in the Randomized Controlled FLAME Trial for Localized Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2022 Sep;82(3):252-257. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.012. Epub 2021 Dec 23.

    PubMed 34953603
  • Kerkmeijer LGW, Groen VH, Pos FJ, Haustermans K, Monninkhof EM, Smeenk RJ, Kunze-Busch M, de Boer JCJ, van der Voort van Zijp J, van Vulpen M, Draulans C, van den Bergh L, Isebaert S, van der Heide UA. Focal Boost to the Intraprostatic Tumor in External Beam Radiotherapy for Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer: Results From the FLAME Randomized Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Mar 1;39(7):787-796. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.02873. Epub 2021 Jan 20.

    PubMed 33471548
  • van Schie MA, Janssen TM, Eekhout D, Walraven I, Pos FJ, de Ruiter P, Kotte ANTJ, Monninkhof EM, Kerkmeijer LGW, Draulans C, de Roover R, Haustermans K, Kunze-Busch M, Smeenk RJ, van der Heide UA. Knowledge-Based Assessment of Focal Dose Escalation Treatment Plans in Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020 Nov 15;108(4):1055-1062. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.06.072. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

    PubMed 32629078
  • Monninkhof EM, van Loon JWL, van Vulpen M, Kerkmeijer LGW, Pos FJ, Haustermans K, van den Bergh L, Isebaert S, McColl GM, Smeenk RJ, Noteboom J, Walraven I, Peeters PHM, van der Heide UA. Standard whole prostate gland radiotherapy with and without lesion boost in prostate cancer: Toxicity in the FLAME randomized controlled trial. Radiother Oncol. 2018 Apr;127(1):74-80. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.12.022. Epub 2018 Jan 11.

    PubMed 29336835
  • Lips IM, van der Heide UA, Haustermans K, van Lin EN, Pos F, Franken SP, Kotte AN, van Gils CH, van Vulpen M. Single blind randomized phase III trial to investigate the benefit of a focal lesion ablative microboost in prostate cancer (FLAME-trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2011 Dec 5;12:255. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-12-255.

    PubMed 22141598

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 3 study testing FLAME boost and standard arm in people with Prostate Cancer and Radiotherapy, run by UMC Utrecht at 4 sites in 2 countries.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jun 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 4 sites in Netherlands, Belgium. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

To demonstrate the superiority of the ablative microboost dose schedule regarding 5-year biochemical no evidence of disease rate compared to the current standard of care. (time frame: Every six months for 10 years). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01168479, which also lists 7 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jun 2020.

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