Fabry DiseaseSWITCHNCT01268241
The Efficacy and Safety of Switch Between Agalsidase Beta to Agalsidase Alfa for Enzyme Replacement in Patients With Anderson-Fabry Disease
An observational study of Fabry Disease and Fabry´s Disease, run by CENTOGENE GmbH Rostock at 9 sites in 8 countries.
Trial summary
The current approved treatment for Fabry disease is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). There are actually 2 products in this therapeutic class available: Replagal® (agalsidase alfa) and Fabrazyme® (agalsidase beta). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Fabry Disease, Fabry´s Disease, Anderson-Fabry Disease
- How many people
- 200 participants
- Where
- 9 sitesin 8 countries
- Study dates
- Dec 2010to Apr 2016
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Hemizygous male or heterozygous female patients at 18 years with genetically confirmed diagnosis of Anderson-Fabry disease
Who may be able to join
- Hemizygous male or heterozygous female patients at 18 years with genetically confirmed diagnosis of Anderson-Fabry disease.
- Written informed consent
- Patient had received Fabrazyme® for at least 12 months prior to starting treatment with Replagal® in full dose (i.e. 1.0 mg/kg eow) or any reduced dose prescribed by the treating physician due to the shortage of the medication
- Patient has received or is receiving treatment commercially available Replagal® (0.2 mg/kg eow) for intravenous (IV) infusion prescribed by their treatment physician and administered in accordance with the Replagal® prescribing information.
- The switch of the medication from Fabrazyme® to Replagal® had to be taken place from September 2009 onwards at the earliest
- Patient data includes disease history, measures of Fabry related disease and safety measures
Who cannot join
- Concomitant use of Fabrazyme®
- Any switch of medication from Fabrazyme® to Replagal® before September 2009
- Any switch from Fabrazyme® to Replagal® for other reasons than Fabrazyme® shortage
- Patient has received treatment with any investigational drug or device within the 30 days prior to study entry
- No written informed consent
Trial locations and contacts
9 sites in 8 countries.
9 sites in 8 countries
Argentina2 sites
Juan Fernandez Hospital, Department of Neurology
Buenos Aires, Cerviño 3356
Unidad Renal Corrientes SRL, Medicina Interna Nefrólogo
Corrientes, CP N°3400
Croatia1 site
University Hospital "Sestre Milosrdnice" Department of neuroimmunology and neurogenetic
Zagreb, 10000
Czechia1 site
Miroslava Hajkova, 2nd Dept of Cardiology&Angiology, Fakultni poliklinika
Prague, 12800
Denmark1 site
National University Hosoital Rigshospitalet, Endokrinologisk ward
Copenhagen, 2100
France1 site
Université de Versailles - Saint Quentin en YvelinesService de Génétique Médicale
Paris, 92380
Germany1 site
Kinderklinik München-Schwabing Städt. Klinikum GmbH
Munich, 80804
United Kingdom1 site
Royal Free Hospital, Dep. of Academic Haematology, Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit
London, NW3 2QG
About this study
Official title: International Observational Retrospective Case Review of Efficacy and Safety of Switch Between Agalsidase Beta to Agalsidase Alfa for Enzyme Replacement in Males and Females With Anderson-Fabry Disease
The current approved treatment for Fabry disease is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). There are actually 2 products in this therapeutic class available: Replagal® (agalsidase alfa) and Fabrazyme® (agalsidase beta). Both are indicated for long-term treatment in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Fabry disease (alfa-galactosidase A deficiency). Both have been commercially available in Europe for almost 10 years, yet little information is available about the clinical and safety profile of patients who switch from one therapy to the other. An extended shortage of Fabrazyme® that began in June 2009 has necessitated that a large number of patients switch from Fabrazyme® to Replagal®. This offers the possibility to study the clinical status and adverse events in patients who switch from Fabrazyme® to Replagal® on a large-scale basis. In addition, as a result of the increasing Fabrazyme® shortage, many of these patients received a reduced dosage of Fabrazyme® for an extended period before transitioning to treatment with Replagal®.
Read the detailed description
Aim:
Anderson-Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficiency of the hydrolytic enzyme alfa galactosidase A. Trials of specific therapy by replacement of alfa galactosidase A were commenced in 1999 and subsequently two preparations of alfa galactosidase A received marketing approval by the EMEA in 2001. Clinical trials, observational studies and registry data have provided evidence for efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with alfa galactosidase A in improving symptoms of pain, gastrointestinal disturbance, hypohidrosis, left ventricular mass index, glomerular filtration rate and quality of life in men. There is currently no long-term data showing the impact of enzyme replacement therapy on overall survival. It has been suggested that earlier therapy, before the onset of end organ manifestations, would be more likely to prevent further damage and therefore have the biggest effect on overall survival. There is as yet little evidence to substantiate this hypothesis however clinical trials have recently demonstrated safety and therapeutic effects of enzyme replacement in children.
So far, there are only limited data available on the clinical course of the disease and adverse events in patients, switching from one therapeutic alternative to the other. West and Lemoine (16) report clinical effects of a switch from Agalsidase beta to agalsidase alfa in 5 patients with Fabry disease due to shortage of agalsidase beta. The patients were treated with Replagal® for 44 weeks at an average.
- Conditions
- Fabry Disease, Fabry´s Disease, Anderson-Fabry Disease
- Keywords
- Fabry Disease, Fabry´s Disease, Anderson-Fabry Disease
- Medical subject headings
- Fabry Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Observation | Hemizygous male or heterozygous female patients of any age with genetically confirmed diagnosis of Anderson-Fabry disease. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Efficacy and Safety of Switch Between Agalsidase Beta to Agalsidase Alfa for Enzyme Replacement in Patients With Anderson-Fabry Disease
Measured: 24 month
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Dec 2010 (estimated)
- Study startDec 2010
- Primary completionApr 2016
- Study completionApr 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Fabry DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Other
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- CENTOGENE GmbH Rostock
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Arndt Rolfs, MD, Principal investigator
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01268241
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- SW02/2010
- Acronym
- SWITCH
- Status last verified
- Apr 2020
- First submitted
- 28 Dec 2010
- Last updated
- 9 Apr 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Rolfs A, Bottcher T, Zschiesche M, Morris P, Winchester B, Bauer P, Walter U, Mix E, Lohr M, Harzer K, Strauss U, Pahnke J, Grossmann A, Benecke R. Prevalence of Fabry disease in patients with cryptogenic stroke: a prospective study. Lancet. 2005 Nov 19;366(9499):1794-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67635-0.
PubMed 16298216Rolfs A, Martus P, Heuschmann PU, Grittner U, Holzhausen M, Tatlisumak T, Bottcher T, Fazekas F, Enzinger C, Ropele S, Schmidt R, Riess O, Norrving B; sifap1 Investigators. Protocol and methodology of the Stroke in Young Fabry Patients (sifap1) study: a prospective multicenter European study of 5,024 young stroke patients aged 18-55 years. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011;31(3):253-62. doi: 10.1159/000322153. Epub 2010 Dec 21.
PubMed 21178350Kint JA. Fabry's disease: alpha-galactosidase deficiency. Science. 1970 Feb 27;167(3922):1268-9. doi: 10.1126/science.167.3922.1268.
PubMed 5411915Mehta A, Ricci R, Widmer U, Dehout F, Garcia de Lorenzo A, Kampmann C, Linhart A, Sunder-Plassmann G, Ries M, Beck M. Fabry disease defined: baseline clinical manifestations of 366 patients in the Fabry Outcome Survey. Eur J Clin Invest. 2004 Mar;34(3):236-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01309.x.
PubMed 15025684MacDermot KD, Holmes A, Miners AH. Anderson-Fabry disease: clinical manifestations and impact of disease in a cohort of 98 hemizygous males. J Med Genet. 2001 Nov;38(11):750-60. doi: 10.1136/jmg.38.11.750.
PubMed 11694547Eng CM, Banikazemi M, Gordon RE, Goldman M, Phelps R, Kim L, Gass A, Winston J, Dikman S, Fallon JT, Brodie S, Stacy CB, Mehta D, Parsons R, Norton K, O'Callaghan M, Desnick RJ. A phase 1/2 clinical trial of enzyme replacement in fabry disease: pharmacokinetic, substrate clearance, and safety studies. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Mar;68(3):711-22. doi: 10.1086/318809. Epub 2001 Feb 1.
PubMed 11179018Schiffmann R, Kopp JB, Austin HA 3rd, Sabnis S, Moore DF, Weibel T, Balow JE, Brady RO. Enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001 Jun 6;285(21):2743-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.21.2743.
PubMed 11386930Moore DF, Altarescu G, Herscovitch P, Schiffmann R. Enzyme replacement reverses abnormal cerebrovascular responses in Fabry disease. BMC Neurol. 2002 Jun 18;2:4. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-2-4.
PubMed 12079501Schiffmann R, Floeter MK, Dambrosia JM, Gupta S, Moore DF, Sharabi Y, Khurana RK, Brady RO. Enzyme replacement therapy improves peripheral nerve and sweat function in Fabry disease. Muscle Nerve. 2003 Dec;28(6):703-10. doi: 10.1002/mus.10497.
PubMed 14639584Hoffmann B, Reinhardt D, Koletzko B. Effect of enzyme-replacement therapy on gastrointestinal symptoms in Fabry disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Oct;16(10):1067-9. doi: 10.1097/00042737-200410000-00020.
PubMed 15371935Hajioff D, Goodwin S, Quiney R, Zuckerman J, MacDermot KD, Mehta A. Hearing improvement in patients with Fabry disease treated with agalsidase alfa. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2003 Dec;92(443):28-30; discussion 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00217.x.
PubMed 14989462Hoffmann B, Garcia de Lorenzo A, Mehta A, Beck M, Widmer U, Ricci R; FOS European Investigators. Effects of enzyme replacement therapy on pain and health related quality of life in patients with Fabry disease: data from FOS (Fabry Outcome Survey). J Med Genet. 2005 Mar;42(3):247-52. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2004.025791.
PubMed 15744039Beck M, Ricci R, Widmer U, Dehout F, de Lorenzo AG, Kampmann C, Linhart A, Sunder-Plassmann G, Houge G, Ramaswami U, Gal A, Mehta A. Fabry disease: overall effects of agalsidase alfa treatment. Eur J Clin Invest. 2004 Dec;34(12):838-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01424.x.
PubMed 15606727Banikazemi M, Ullman T, Desnick RJ. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Fabry disease: clinical response to enzyme replacement therapy. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Aug;85(4):255-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.04.009.
PubMed 15939645Banikazemi M, Bultas J, Waldek S, Wilcox WR, Whitley CB, McDonald M, Finkel R, Packman S, Bichet DG, Warnock DG, Desnick RJ; Fabry Disease Clinical Trial Study Group. Agalsidase-beta therapy for advanced Fabry disease: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Jan 16;146(2):77-86. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00148. Epub 2006 Dec 18.
PubMed 17179052
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Apr 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- International Observational Retrospective Case Review of Efficacy and Safety of Switch Between Agalsidase Beta to Agalsidase Alfa for Enzyme Replacement in Males and Females With Anderson-Fabry Disease
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01268241
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SWITCH / SW02/2010
- Conditions
- Fabry Disease, Fabry´s Disease, Anderson-Fabry Disease
- Keywords
- Fabry Disease, Fabry´s Disease, Anderson-Fabry Disease
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- CENTOGENE GmbH RostockIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Study start
- Dec 2010 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Apr 2016 (actual)
- Study completion
- Apr 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Dec 2010 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The current approved treatment for Fabry disease is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). There are actually 2 products in this therapeutic class available: Replagal® (agalsidase alfa) and Fabrazyme® (agalsidase beta). Both are indicated for long-term treatment in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Fabry disease (alfa-galactosidase A deficiency). Both have been commercially available in Europe for almost 10 years, yet little information is available about the clinical and safety profile of patients who switch from one therapy to the other. An extended shortage of Fabrazyme® that began in June 2009 has necessitated that a large number of patients switch from Fabrazyme® to Replagal®. This offers the possibility to study the clinical status and adverse events in patients who switch from Fabrazyme® to Replagal® on a large-scale basis. In addition, as a result of the increasing Fabrazyme® shortage, many of these patients received a reduced dosage of Fabrazyme® for an extended period before transitioning to treatment with Replagal®.
Detailed description
Aim:
Anderson-Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficiency of the hydrolytic enzyme alfa galactosidase A. Trials of specific therapy by replacement of alfa galactosidase A were commenced in 1999 and subsequently two preparations of alfa galactosidase A received marketing approval by the EMEA in 2001. Clinical trials, observational studies and registry data have provided evidence for efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with alfa galactosidase A in improving symptoms of pain, gastrointestinal disturbance, hypohidrosis, left ventricular mass index, glomerular filtration rate and quality of life in men. There is currently no long-term data showing the impact of enzyme replacement therapy on overall survival. It has been suggested that earlier therapy, before the onset of end organ manifestations, would be more likely to prevent further damage and therefore have the biggest effect on overall survival. There is as yet little evidence to substantiate this hypothesis however clinical trials have recently demonstrated safety and therapeutic effects of enzyme replacement in children.
So far, there are only limited data available on the clinical course of the disease and adverse events in patients, switching from one therapeutic alternative to the other. West and Lemoine (16) report clinical effects of a switch from Agalsidase beta to agalsidase alfa in 5 patients with Fabry disease due to shortage of agalsidase beta. The patients were treated with Replagal® for 44 weeks at an average.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Other
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Observation | – | –Hemizygous male or heterozygous female patients of any age with genetically confirmed diagnosis of Anderson-Fabry disease. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Hemizygous male or heterozygous female patients at 18 years with genetically confirmed diagnosis of Anderson-Fabry disease
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Hemizygous male or heterozygous female patients at 18 years with genetically confirmed diagnosis of Anderson-Fabry disease.
- Written informed consent
- Patient had received Fabrazyme® for at least 12 months prior to starting treatment with Replagal® in full dose (i.e. 1.0 mg/kg eow) or any reduced dose prescribed by the treating physician due to the shortage of the medication
- Patient has received or is receiving treatment commercially available Replagal® (0.2 mg/kg eow) for intravenous (IV) infusion prescribed by their treatment physician and administered in accordance with the Replagal® prescribing information.
- The switch of the medication from Fabrazyme® to Replagal® had to be taken place from September 2009 onwards at the earliest
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Concomitant use of Fabrazyme®
- Any switch of medication from Fabrazyme® to Replagal® before September 2009
- Any switch from Fabrazyme® to Replagal® for other reasons than Fabrazyme® shortage
- Patient has received treatment with any investigational drug or device within the 30 days prior to study entry
- No written informed consent
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Efficacy and Safety of Switch Between Agalsidase Beta to Agalsidase Alfa for Enzyme Replacement in Patients With Anderson-Fabry Disease
Time frame: 24 month
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Apr 2021.
- Background: PubMed 16298216Rolfs A, Bottcher T, Zschiesche M, Morris P, Winchester B, Bauer P, Walter U, Mix E, Lohr M, Harzer K, Strauss U, Pahnke J, Grossmann A, Benecke R. Prevalence of Fabry disease in patients with cryptogenic stroke: a prospective study. Lancet. 2005 Nov 19;366(9499):1794-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67635-0.
- Background: PubMed 21178350Rolfs A, Martus P, Heuschmann PU, Grittner U, Holzhausen M, Tatlisumak T, Bottcher T, Fazekas F, Enzinger C, Ropele S, Schmidt R, Riess O, Norrving B; sifap1 Investigators. Protocol and methodology of the Stroke in Young Fabry Patients (sifap1) study: a prospective multicenter European study of 5,024 young stroke patients aged 18-55 years. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011;31(3):253-62. doi: 10.1159/000322153. Epub 2010 Dec 21.
- Background: PubMed 5411915Kint JA. Fabry's disease: alpha-galactosidase deficiency. Science. 1970 Feb 27;167(3922):1268-9. doi: 10.1126/science.167.3922.1268.
- Background: PubMed 15025684Mehta A, Ricci R, Widmer U, Dehout F, Garcia de Lorenzo A, Kampmann C, Linhart A, Sunder-Plassmann G, Ries M, Beck M. Fabry disease defined: baseline clinical manifestations of 366 patients in the Fabry Outcome Survey. Eur J Clin Invest. 2004 Mar;34(3):236-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01309.x.
- Background: PubMed 11694547MacDermot KD, Holmes A, Miners AH. Anderson-Fabry disease: clinical manifestations and impact of disease in a cohort of 98 hemizygous males. J Med Genet. 2001 Nov;38(11):750-60. doi: 10.1136/jmg.38.11.750.
- Background: PubMed 11179018Eng CM, Banikazemi M, Gordon RE, Goldman M, Phelps R, Kim L, Gass A, Winston J, Dikman S, Fallon JT, Brodie S, Stacy CB, Mehta D, Parsons R, Norton K, O'Callaghan M, Desnick RJ. A phase 1/2 clinical trial of enzyme replacement in fabry disease: pharmacokinetic, substrate clearance, and safety studies. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Mar;68(3):711-22. doi: 10.1086/318809. Epub 2001 Feb 1.
- Background: PubMed 11386930Schiffmann R, Kopp JB, Austin HA 3rd, Sabnis S, Moore DF, Weibel T, Balow JE, Brady RO. Enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001 Jun 6;285(21):2743-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.21.2743.
- Background: PubMed 12079501Moore DF, Altarescu G, Herscovitch P, Schiffmann R. Enzyme replacement reverses abnormal cerebrovascular responses in Fabry disease. BMC Neurol. 2002 Jun 18;2:4. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-2-4.
- Background: PubMed 14639584Schiffmann R, Floeter MK, Dambrosia JM, Gupta S, Moore DF, Sharabi Y, Khurana RK, Brady RO. Enzyme replacement therapy improves peripheral nerve and sweat function in Fabry disease. Muscle Nerve. 2003 Dec;28(6):703-10. doi: 10.1002/mus.10497.
- Background: PubMed 15371935Hoffmann B, Reinhardt D, Koletzko B. Effect of enzyme-replacement therapy on gastrointestinal symptoms in Fabry disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Oct;16(10):1067-9. doi: 10.1097/00042737-200410000-00020.
- Background: PubMed 14989462Hajioff D, Goodwin S, Quiney R, Zuckerman J, MacDermot KD, Mehta A. Hearing improvement in patients with Fabry disease treated with agalsidase alfa. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2003 Dec;92(443):28-30; discussion 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00217.x.
- Background: PubMed 15744039Hoffmann B, Garcia de Lorenzo A, Mehta A, Beck M, Widmer U, Ricci R; FOS European Investigators. Effects of enzyme replacement therapy on pain and health related quality of life in patients with Fabry disease: data from FOS (Fabry Outcome Survey). J Med Genet. 2005 Mar;42(3):247-52. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2004.025791.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Arndt Rolfs, MD principal investigator
9 sites in 8 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Fabry Disease and Fabry´s Disease, run by CENTOGENE GmbH Rostock at 9 sites in 8 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Apr 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 9 sites in Argentina, Belgium, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark and 3 more countries. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Efficacy and Safety of Switch Between Agalsidase Beta to Agalsidase Alfa for Enzyme Replacement in Patients With Anderson-Fabry Disease (time frame: 24 month). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01268241, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Apr 2021.