Smoking CessationPhase 4NCT01309217
Dissemination of Tobacco Tactics for Hospitalized Smokers
A Phase 4 study testing Tobacco Tactics Intervention in people with Smoking Cessation, run by University of Michigan at 6 sites in United States.
Trial summary
Nurse-administered smoking cessation interventions have been shown to be efficacious, but are seldom implemented due to lack of training and time. This project aims to disseminate and test the nurse-administered Tobacco Tactics intervention in 6 hospitals. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Smoking Cessation
- What is being tested?
- Tobacco Tactics Intervention
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,528 participants
- Where
- 6 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Jul 2011to Mar 2014
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- are at least 18 years of age;
- have smoked within one month prior to hospitalization;
- have a projected hospital stay of at least 24 hours; and
- are willing to complete the interview surveys.
Who cannot join
- are too ill to participate;
- are terminal;
- are involved in a concurrent trial that includes intervention on smoking; and
- are non-English speaking (the intervention is currently only in English);
- have significant cognitive impairment; and
- have significant communication barriers.
Trial locations and contacts
6 sites in 1 country.
6 sites in 1 country
United States6 sites
Saint Mary's Healthcare
Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503
St. Mary Mercy
Livonia, Michigan, 48154
Mercy Health Partners - Hackley Campus
Muskegon, Michigan, 49442
Mercy Health Partners - Mercy Campus
Muskegon, Michigan, 49444
St. Joseph Mercy
Oakland, Michigan, 48341
St. Joseph Mercy Hospital
Ypsilanti, Michigan, 48197
About this study
Official title: Dissemination of Tobacco Tactics Versus 1-800-QUIT-NOW for Hospitalized Smokers
Nurse-administered smoking cessation interventions have been shown to be efficacious, but are seldom implemented due to lack of training and time. This project aims to disseminate and test the nurse-administered Tobacco Tactics intervention in 6 hospitals.
Read the detailed description
Background: Dr. Duffy has developed, tested, and refined the efficacious, nurse-administered Tobacco Tactics intervention and has packaged it into a Toolkit for dissemination in two Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals. However, rigorous testing of dissemination outside of the VA is needed.
Objectives: Using 6 community hospitals in the Trinity Health System, the objectives of this study are to:
- Determine provider and patient receptivity, barriers, and facilitators to implementing the nurse-administered, inpatient Tobacco Tactics intervention versus usual care using face-to-face feedback and surveys.
- Compare the effectiveness of the nurse-administered, inpatient Tobacco Tactics intervention versus usual care across hospitals, units, and patient characteristics using biochemically confirmed 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6-month cessation as the primary outcome.
- Determine the cost-effectiveness of the nurse-administered, inpatient Tobacco Tactics intervention versus usual care including the cost per quitter, cost per life-year saved, and cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved.
Methods: This effectiveness study will be a cluster randomized control trial in 6 Michigan community hospitals of which 3 will get the nurse-administered Tobacco Tactics intervention and the other 3 will provide their usual care in accordance to how the hospital responds to current Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization's (JC) standards. A research nurse will disseminate the intervention in the 3 out of 6 sites to Master Trainers who will teach staff nurses on all shifts on all units, until all staff nurses are trained. The interventions will become the standard of care within the intervention sites. Research nurses will also conduct rolling evaluation to identify barriers and facilitators to dissemination and implement measures to ensure sustainability of the intervention. It is expected that 7,868 inpatient smokers per year will be eligible to participate in the study of which the investigators expect to recruit 2,350 to have sufficient power to analyze the objectives. Descriptive statistics (means and frequency distributions) will be used to summarize the nurses' survey results, participation rates, smokers' receipt of specific cessation services, and satisfaction with services. Logistic regressions and t-tests will be used to determine differences between intervention groups on satisfaction and quit rates, respectively, with adjustment for the clustering of patients within units and hospitals. Regression analyses will test the moderation of the effects of the interventions by patient characteristics such as confidence in ability to quit, nicotine addiction, alcohol intake, depression, demographics and a smoking related diagnosis such as heart disease. Cost-effectiveness will be assessed by constructing 3 ratios including the cost per quitter, cost per life-year saved, and the cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved.
- Conditions
- Smoking Cessation
- Being tested
- Tobacco Tactics Intervention, Usual Care
- Medical subject headings
- Smoking Cessation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Tobacco Tactics InterventionBehavioural
At the intervention sites the research nurse will teach the Tobacco Tactics Intervention to nurses. For nurses, the Cessation Toolkit includes: 1) 1 CEU contact hour for training; 2) PowerPoint presentation on behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions; 3) pocket card "Helping Smokers Quit: A Guide for Clinicians" developed by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 4) behavioral and pharmaceutical protocols; and 5) computerized template for nurse documentation. For patients, the Cessation Toolkit includes: 1) brochure; 2) videotape; 3); and 4) pharmaceuticals.
Usual CareOther
The comparison group will receive usual care in accordance to how the hospital responds to current Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization's (JC) standards. JC standards require that a patient with a smoking history receives at least one of the following: advice to stop smoking, brochures or handouts on smoking cessation, a smoking cessation aid such as nicotine patch, gum, nasal spray, inhaler, lozenge, or bupropion SR, viewed a smoking cessation video.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | Active comparator | The comparison group will receive usual care in accordance to how the hospital responds to current Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization's (JC) standards. See below for a complete description. Receives: Other: Usual Care |
| Tobacco Tactics Intervention | Experimental | At the intervention sites the research nurse will teach the Tobacco Tactics Intervention to nurses. For nurses, the Cessation Toolkit includes: 1) 1 CEU contact hour for training; 2) PowerPoint presentation on behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions; 3) pocket card "Helping Smokers Quit: A Guide for Clinicians" developed by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 4) behavioral and pharmaceutical protocols; and 5) computerized template for nurse documentation. For patients, the Cessation Toolkit includes: 1) brochure; 2) videotape; 3); and 4) pharmaceuticals. Receives: Behavioral: Tobacco Tactics Intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Biochemically confirmed 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6-month
The question used to evaluate smoking is: "Have you smoked any cigarette products, even a puff, in the last seven days?" Along with the 6-month survey, patients will be sent a sample for NicAlert urinary test.
Measured: 6-month follow-up
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Mar 2011 (estimated)
- Study startJul 2011
- Primary completionMar 2014
- Study completionMar 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (37)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Smoking CessationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of MichiganThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 1,528 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Michigan
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Sonia Duffy, University of Michigan
- Investigators
- Sonia A Duffy, PhD, RN, Principal investigator, University of Michigan
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01309217
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1U01HL105218-01
- Status last verified
- Nov 2014
- First submitted
- 4 Mar 2011
- Last updated
- 18 Nov 2014
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Duffy SA, Reeves P, Hermann C, Karvonen C, Smith P. In-hospital smoking cessation programs: what do VA patients and staff want and need? Appl Nurs Res. 2008 Nov;21(4):199-206. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2006.11.002.
PubMed 18995161Freund M, Campbell E, Paul C, McElduff P, Walsh RA, Sakrouge R, Wiggers J, Knight J. Smoking care provision in hospitals: a review of prevalence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 May;10(5):757-74. doi: 10.1080/14622200802027131.
PubMed 18569750Rice VH, Stead LF. Nursing interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD001188. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001188.pub2.
PubMed 14973964Duffy SA, Ronis DL, Valenstein M, Lambert MT, Fowler KE, Gregory L, Bishop C, Myers LL, Blow FC, Terrell JE. A tailored smoking, alcohol, and depression intervention for head and neck cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Nov;15(11):2203-8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0880.
PubMed 17119047Duffy SA, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Ewing LA, Smith PM; Veterans Integrated Services Network 11 Tobacco Tactics Team. Implementation of the Tobacco Tactics program in the Department of Veterans Affairs. J Gen Intern Med. 2010 Jan;25 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):3-10. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-1075-9.
PubMed 20077145Rigotti NA, Munafo MR, Stead LF. Smoking cessation interventions for hospitalized smokers: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Oct 13;168(18):1950-60. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.18.1950.
PubMed 18852395Rice VH, Stead LF. Nursing interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23;(1):CD001188. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001188.pub3.
PubMed 18253987Rice VH. Nursing intervention and smoking cessation: A meta-analysis. Heart Lung. 1999 Nov-Dec;28(6):438-54. doi: 10.1016/s0147-9563(99)70033-6.
PubMed 10580218Terrell JE, Ronis DL, Fowler KE, Bradford CR, Chepeha DB, Prince ME, Teknos TN, Wolf GT, Duffy SA. Clinical predictors of quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Apr;130(4):401-8. doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.4.401.
PubMed 15096421Duffy SA, Ronis DL, Valenstein M, Fowler KE, Lambert MT, Bishop C, Terrell JE. Depressive symptoms, smoking, drinking, and quality of life among head and neck cancer patients. Psychosomatics. 2007 Mar-Apr;48(2):142-8. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.48.2.142.
PubMed 17329608Etter JF, Bergman MM, Humair JP, Perneger TV. Development and validation of a scale measuring self-efficacy of current and former smokers. Addiction. 2000 Jun;95(6):901-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.9569017.x.
PubMed 10946439Cohen S, Lichtenstein E. Partner behaviors that support quitting smoking. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990 Jun;58(3):304-9. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.58.3.304.
PubMed 2365893Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96. No abstract available.
PubMed 6668417Rigotti NA, Munafo MR, Stead LF. Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD001837. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001837.pub2.
PubMed 17636688Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption--II. Addiction. 1993 Jun;88(6):791-804. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x.
PubMed 8329970
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Nov 2014. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Dissemination of Tobacco Tactics Versus 1-800-QUIT-NOW for Hospitalized Smokers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01309217
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1U01HL105218-01
- Conditions
- Smoking Cessation
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,528 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of MichiganUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Study start
- Jul 2011
- Primary completion
- Mar 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Mar 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Mar 2011 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Nurse-administered smoking cessation interventions have been shown to be efficacious, but are seldom implemented due to lack of training and time. This project aims to disseminate and test the nurse-administered Tobacco Tactics intervention in 6 hospitals.
Detailed description
Background: Dr. Duffy has developed, tested, and refined the efficacious, nurse-administered Tobacco Tactics intervention and has packaged it into a Toolkit for dissemination in two Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals. However, rigorous testing of dissemination outside of the VA is needed.
Objectives: Using 6 community hospitals in the Trinity Health System, the objectives of this study are to:
- Determine provider and patient receptivity, barriers, and facilitators to implementing the nurse-administered, inpatient Tobacco Tactics intervention versus usual care using face-to-face feedback and surveys.
- Compare the effectiveness of the nurse-administered, inpatient Tobacco Tactics intervention versus usual care across hospitals, units, and patient characteristics using biochemically confirmed 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6-month cessation as the primary outcome.
- Determine the cost-effectiveness of the nurse-administered, inpatient Tobacco Tactics intervention versus usual care including the cost per quitter, cost per life-year saved, and cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved.
Methods: This effectiveness study will be a cluster randomized control trial in 6 Michigan community hospitals of which 3 will get the nurse-administered Tobacco Tactics intervention and the other 3 will provide their usual care in accordance to how the hospital responds to current Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization's (JC) standards. A research nurse will disseminate the intervention in the 3 out of 6 sites to Master Trainers who will teach staff nurses on all shifts on all units, until all staff nurses are trained. The interventions will become the standard of care within the intervention sites. Research nurses will also conduct rolling evaluation to identify barriers and facilitators to dissemination and implement measures to ensure sustainability of the intervention. It is expected that 7,868 inpatient smokers per year will be eligible to participate in the study of which the investigators expect to recruit 2,350 to have sufficient power to analyze the objectives. Descriptive statistics (means and frequency distributions) will be used to summarize the nurses' survey results, participation rates, smokers' receipt of specific cessation services, and satisfaction with services. Logistic regressions and t-tests will be used to determine differences between intervention groups on satisfaction and quit rates, respectively, with adjustment for the clustering of patients within units and hospitals. Regression analyses will test the moderation of the effects of the interventions by patient characteristics such as confidence in ability to quit, nicotine addiction, alcohol intake, depression, demographics and a smoking related diagnosis such as heart disease. Cost-effectiveness will be assessed by constructing 3 ratios including the cost per quitter, cost per life-year saved, and the cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | Active comparator | Other: Usual CareThe comparison group will receive usual care in accordance to how the hospital responds to current Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization's (JC) standards. See below for a complete description. |
| Tobacco Tactics Intervention | Experimental | Behavioral: Tobacco Tactics InterventionAt the intervention sites the research nurse will teach the Tobacco Tactics Intervention to nurses. For nurses, the Cessation Toolkit includes: 1) 1 CEU contact hour for training; 2) PowerPoint presentation on behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions; 3) pocket card "Helping Smokers Quit: A Guide for Clinicians" developed by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 4) behavioral and pharmaceutical protocols; and 5) computerized template for nurse documentation. For patients, the Cessation Toolkit includes: 1) brochure; 2) videotape; 3); and 4) pharmaceuticals. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- are at least 18 years of age;
- have smoked within one month prior to hospitalization;
- have a projected hospital stay of at least 24 hours; and
- are willing to complete the interview surveys.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- are too ill to participate;
- are terminal;
- are involved in a concurrent trial that includes intervention on smoking; and
- are non-English speaking (the intervention is currently only in English);
- have significant cognitive impairment; and
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Tobacco Tactics InterventionAt the intervention sites the research nurse will teach the Tobacco Tactics Intervention to nurses. For nurses, the Cessation Toolkit includes: 1) 1 CEU contact hour for training; 2) PowerPoint presentation on behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions; 3) pocket card "Helping Smokers Quit: A Guide for Clinicians" developed by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 4) behavioral and pharmaceutical protocols; and 5) computerized template for nurse documentation. For patients, the Cessation Toolkit includes: 1) brochure; 2) videotape; 3); and 4) pharmaceuticals. | Behavioural | Tobacco Tactics Intervention |
| Usual CareThe comparison group will receive usual care in accordance to how the hospital responds to current Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization's (JC) standards. JC standards require that a patient with a smoking history receives at least one of the following: advice to stop smoking, brochures or handouts on smoking cessation, a smoking cessation aid such as nicotine patch, gum, nasal spray, inhaler, lozenge, or bupropion SR, viewed a smoking cessation video. | Other | Usual Care |
Primary outcome
Biochemically confirmed 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6-month
Time frame: 6-month follow-up
The question used to evaluate smoking is: "Have you smoked any cigarette products, even a puff, in the last seven days?" Along with the 6-month survey, patients will be sent a sample for NicAlert urinary test.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Nov 2014.
- Background: PubMed 18995161Duffy SA, Reeves P, Hermann C, Karvonen C, Smith P. In-hospital smoking cessation programs: what do VA patients and staff want and need? Appl Nurs Res. 2008 Nov;21(4):199-206. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2006.11.002.
- Background: PubMed 18569750Freund M, Campbell E, Paul C, McElduff P, Walsh RA, Sakrouge R, Wiggers J, Knight J. Smoking care provision in hospitals: a review of prevalence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 May;10(5):757-74. doi: 10.1080/14622200802027131.
- Background: PubMed 14973964Rice VH, Stead LF. Nursing interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD001188. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001188.pub2.
- Background: PubMed 17119047Duffy SA, Ronis DL, Valenstein M, Lambert MT, Fowler KE, Gregory L, Bishop C, Myers LL, Blow FC, Terrell JE. A tailored smoking, alcohol, and depression intervention for head and neck cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Nov;15(11):2203-8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0880.
- Background: PubMed 20077145Duffy SA, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Ewing LA, Smith PM; Veterans Integrated Services Network 11 Tobacco Tactics Team. Implementation of the Tobacco Tactics program in the Department of Veterans Affairs. J Gen Intern Med. 2010 Jan;25 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):3-10. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-1075-9.
- Background: PubMed 18852395Rigotti NA, Munafo MR, Stead LF. Smoking cessation interventions for hospitalized smokers: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Oct 13;168(18):1950-60. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.18.1950.
- Background: PubMed 18253987Rice VH, Stead LF. Nursing interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23;(1):CD001188. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001188.pub3.
- Background: PubMed 10580218Rice VH. Nursing intervention and smoking cessation: A meta-analysis. Heart Lung. 1999 Nov-Dec;28(6):438-54. doi: 10.1016/s0147-9563(99)70033-6.
- Background: PubMed 15096421Terrell JE, Ronis DL, Fowler KE, Bradford CR, Chepeha DB, Prince ME, Teknos TN, Wolf GT, Duffy SA. Clinical predictors of quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Apr;130(4):401-8. doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.4.401.
- Background: PubMed 17329608Duffy SA, Ronis DL, Valenstein M, Fowler KE, Lambert MT, Bishop C, Terrell JE. Depressive symptoms, smoking, drinking, and quality of life among head and neck cancer patients. Psychosomatics. 2007 Mar-Apr;48(2):142-8. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.48.2.142.
- Background: PubMed 10946439Etter JF, Bergman MM, Humair JP, Perneger TV. Development and validation of a scale measuring self-efficacy of current and former smokers. Addiction. 2000 Jun;95(6):901-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.9569017.x.
- Background: PubMed 2365893Cohen S, Lichtenstein E. Partner behaviors that support quitting smoking. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990 Jun;58(3):304-9. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.58.3.304.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Sonia A Duffy, PhD, RN principal investigator
University of Michigan
6 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Tobacco Tactics Intervention in people with Smoking Cessation, run by University of Michigan at 6 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Nov 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 6 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Biochemically confirmed 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6-month (time frame: 6-month follow-up). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01309217, which also lists 37 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Nov 2014.