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Ovarian CancerPhase 2NCT01309230

A Trial of FANG™ Vaccine for Participants With Ovarian Cancer

A Phase 2 study testing Vigil™ in people with Ovarian Cancer, run by Gradalis, Inc. at 7 sites in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This was a clinical trial for women with ovarian cancer scheduled to have an operation to remove the cancerous tissue. The cancer cells removed during the planned surgery were used to attempt to make the investigational product, named Vigil. Vigil is considered an immunotherapy. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older, women only
Conditions the study is for
Ovarian Cancer
What is being tested?
Vigil™
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
39 participants
Where
7 sitesUnited States
Study dates
8 Mar 2011to 2 Feb 2022
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • Women only
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Tissue Inclusion Criteria

Patients were eligible for tissue procurement for the Vigil™ vaccine manufacturing process if they met all of the following criteria:

  1. Presumptive Stage III/IV papillary serous or endometrioid ovarian cancer.
  2. Per Amendment #8, treatment naïve, high risk ovarian cancer was no longer be stratified, but the following information was collected:
  3. Stage IV or suboptimal (>1 cm residual) Stage III disease versus Stage III patients with optimal (≤1 cm residual) disease,
  4. CA-125 ≤10 U/ml versus CA-125 greater than 10 but less than or equal to 20 U/ml
  5. IP chemotherapy versus IV chemotherapy
  6. Availability of "golf-ball" size 10-30 grams tissue at time of primary surgical debulking.
  7. ECOG performance status (PS) 0-2 prior to tumor debulking laparotomy
  8. Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document for tissue harvest.

Tissue Exclusion Criteria

Patients who met any of the following criteria were not eligible for tissue procurement for the Vigil manufacturing:

  1. Medical condition requiring any form of chronic systemic immunosuppressive therapy (steroid or other) except physiologic replacement doses of hydrocortisone or equivalent (no more than 30 mg hydrocortisone or 10 mg prednisone equivalent daily) for < 30 days duration.
  2. Known history of other malignancy unless having undergone curative intent therapy without evidence of that disease for ≥ 3 years except cutaneous squamous cell and basal cell skin cancer, superficial bladder cancer, in situ cervical cancer or other in situ cancers were allowed if definitively resected.
  3. Brain metastases unless treated with curative intent (gamma knife or surgical resection) and without evidence of progression for ≥ 2 months.
  4. Any documented history of autoimmune disease with exception of Type 1 diabetes on stable insulin regimen, hypothyroidism on stable dose of replacement thyroid medication, vitiligo, or asthma not requiring systemic steroids.
  5. Known HIV or chronic Hepatitis B or C infection.
  6. Known history of allergies or sensitivities to gentamicin.
  7. History of or current evidence of any condition (including medical, psychiatric or substance abuse disorder), therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the study, interfere with the patient's participation for the full duration of the study, or was not in the best interest of the patient to participate, in the opinion of the treating Investigator.

Study Enrollment Inclusion Criteria

Patients were registered for inclusion in this study if they met all of the following criteria:

  1. Histologically confirmed Stage III/IV papillary serous or endometrioid ovarian cancer.
  2. Clinically defined CR (no cancer related symptoms, normal physical examination and CT scan abdomen/pelvis and CXR, and CA-125 ≤20 U/ml) following completion of primary surgical debulking. Patients enrolled must have completed at least 5 but no more than 6 cycles platinum/taxane adjuvant or interval debulking and chemotherapy (or chemotherapy as per recommendations of NCCN guidelines, category 1 (IP chemotherapy included)). (Patients who completed surgery/chemotherapy with a CA-125 >20 U/mL pre-registration had the option of being followed up to 2 months if serial CA-125 values continued to decrease at a rate of CA-125 decrease of ≥ 50% per month.)
  3. Successful manufacturing of 4 vials of Vigil™ vaccine
  4. Recovered from all clinically relevant toxicities related to prior protocol specific therapies (including neuropathy to ≤Grade 2).
  5. ECOG performance status (PS) 0-1.
  6. Normal organ and marrow function as defined below: Absolute granulocyte count ≥ 1,500/mm3 Absolute lymphocyte count ≥ 200/mm3 Platelets ≥ 75,000/mm3 Total bilirubin ≤ 2 mg/dL AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT) ≤ 2x institutional upper limit of normal Creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL
  7. Patients must have been off all "statin" drugs for ≥ 2 weeks prior to initiation of therapy.
  8. Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed protocol specific consent document.

Study Enrollment Exclusion Criteria

Patients were excluded from this study if they met any of the following criteria:

  1. Surgery involving general anesthesia, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy within 4 weeks prior to randomization. Chemotherapy within 3 weeks prior to Vigil™ vaccine administration. Steroid therapy within 1 week prior to vaccine administration
  2. Patients must not have received any other investigational agents within 4 weeks prior to Vigil™ vaccine administration.
  3. Patients with history of brain metastases.
  4. Patients with compromised pulmonary disease.
  5. Short term (<30 days) concurrent systemic steroids ≤ 0.25 mg/kg prednisone per day (maximum 7.5 mg/day) and bronchodilators (inhaled steroids) were permitted; patients requiring other steroid regimens and/or immunosuppressives at randomization were excluded.
  6. Prior splenectomy.
  7. Prior malignancy (excluding nonmelanoma carcinomas of the skin and carcinoma in situ cervix) unless in remission for ≥ 2 years.
  8. Kaposi's Sarcoma.
  9. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would have limited compliance with study requirements.
  10. Patients with known HIV.
  11. Patients with chronic Hepatitis B and C infection.
  12. Patients with uncontrolled autoimmune diseases.

Trial locations and contacts

7 sites in 1 country.

7 sites in 1 country

United States7 sites

  • Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers

    Dallas, Texas, 75230

  • Texas Oncology - Sammons Cancer Center

    Dallas, Texas, 75246

  • Texas Oncology - Fort Worth

    Fort Worth, Texas, 76104

  • Hackensack University Medical Center

    Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601

  • Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center

    Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756

  • Cancer Care Northwest

    Spokane, Washington, 99202

  • Florida Cancer Specialists

    West Palm Beach, Florida, 33401

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Open-label Phase II Trial of Adjuvant bishRNAfurin and GMCSF Augmented Autologous Tumor Cell Vaccine (FANG™) for High Risk Stage III/IV Ovarian Cancer

This was a clinical trial for women with ovarian cancer scheduled to have an operation to remove the cancerous tissue. The cancer cells removed during the planned surgery were used to attempt to make the investigational product, named Vigil. Vigil is considered an immunotherapy. In this study, participants who met the requirements to be in the study and if Vigil was successfully made from the participants cancer cells, participants underwent treatment with their standard chemotherapy regimen. At the end of the standard chemotherapy regimen and if there was no evidence of remaining cancer, participants were randomly assigned to receive the Vigil or would be assigned to the standard of care group, which in this study meant no further treatment was given to the participant.

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference between the participants who received Vigil versus the usual care after completion of standard chemotherapy and to determine if Vigil delayed or prevented ovarian cancer from coming back.

Read the detailed description

This was a Phase II open-label study of Vigil™ autologous tumor cell vaccine trial administered to women with Stage III/IV epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumor was harvested at the time of surgical debulking (standard of medical care). Participants who achieved clinical complete response (CR) following primary surgical debulking and front-line doublet chemotherapy were randomized 2:1 to either treatment with Vigil (Group A) or standard of care without maintenance therapy (Group B). After randomization, participants were stratified into cohorts by baseline CA-125 (greater than 10 to less than 20 units/mL versus less than or equal to 10 units/mL). For data analysis, participants could further be stratified by surgical stage (Stage IV or suboptimal debulking (> 1cm residual), Stage III disease versus Stage III disease with optimal debulking (< 1cm residual). Participants enrolled in Group A (Vigil) received 1.0 x 10e7 cells / intradermal injection of gene transfected autologous tumor cells, Vigil™, once a month for up to 12 doses as long as sufficient material was available or until trial endpoints were met. Enough harvested tissue to provide a minimum of 4 monthly injections was required for entry into the study. Participants enrolled in Group B (Standard of Care, SOC) were observed and assessed until trial endpoints were met. Protocol Amendment 8, June 19, 2014 removed randomization such that all patients screening for enrollment into the main portion of the trial (including those who previously had tumor tissue harvested) would be assigned to Group A (Vigil).

Both groups of participants were seen once a month in an outpatient setting. Hematologic function, liver enzymes, renal function and electrolytes were monitored monthly. Immune function analysis including ELISPOT analysis of cytotoxic T cell function to autologous tumor antigens were monitored at (≤ 24 hours before the third cycle chemotherapy (post debulking), baseline (screening); prior to Vigil injection at Months 2, 3, 6 and EOT. CA-125 was monitored at baseline, every month for the first year, every 3 months +/- 2 weeks for the second and third year.

Participants assigned to group A were allowed to continue treatment with Vigil until disease recurrence or exhaustion of the patient's vaccine supply. If ≥ Grade 2 toxicity by NCI Common Toxicity Criteria (excluding Grade 2 fever ≤ 24 hours and Grade 2 and 3 injection site reactions) developed related to study treatment, the vaccine dose was reduced by 50% and continued on a monthly basis.

Efficacy assessments included time to disease recurrence, immune surrogate markers, and quality of life questionnaire (FACT-O, Version 4). Safety assessments included physical examination, performance status, and vital signs. Adverse events were recorded using CTCAE version 3.

Conditions
Ovarian Cancer
Being tested
Vigil™
Keywords
Stage III, Stage IV, epithelial ovarian cancer, ovarian cancer, Adjuvant bi-shRNAfurin and GMCSF, immunotherapy, Vigil, FANG, Autologous Tumor Cell Vaccine
Medical subject headings
Ovarian Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Vigil™Biological

    Also called formerly known as FANG™ vaccine, Bi-shRNAfurin and GMCSF Augmented Autologous Tumor Cell Immunotherapy

    Vigil is composed of autologous tumor cells harvested from the patient at the time of initial de-bulking surgery which are then transfected extracorporeally, with a plasmid encoding for the gene for GM-CSF, an immune-stimulatory cytokine, and a bifunctional, short hairpin RNA which specifically knocks down the expression of furin, the critical convertase responsible for production of the two TGβ isoforms.

Study groups in NCT01309230
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Group A (Vigil™)ExperimentalVigil immunotherapy was administered at a concentration of at 1 x 10e7 cells/injection via intradermal injection for a minimum of 4 doses and a maximum of 12 doses starting ≥3 weeks following completion of chemotherapy (no longer than 2.5 months post chemotherapy). Participants were treated monthly for up to 12 months as long as sufficient Vigil was available and the participant was clinically stable.
Receives: Biological: Vigil™
Group B (Observational - Standard of Care)No interventionParticipants received standard of care without maintenance therapy.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Time to Recurrence (TTR)

    Time to recurrence is the time to progression by Radiological Tumor Assessment by local investigators using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), Version 1.1. Disease recurrence was defined as the appearance of any measurable or evaluable lesion or as asymptomatic CA-125 levels >35 U/mL at two consecutive measurements, at least one month apart.

    Measured: Treatment start to the date of first recurrence or date of death if the participant died before recurrence. Radiographic assessment at baseline, </= 1 week prior to Cycle 4, at Standard of Care intervals, and when CA-125>35 U/mL, approximately 3 years.

Secondary outcomes (3)

  1. Number of Participants Positive for T-cell and Immune Activation Markers

    Gamma interferon (γ-IFN) secretion measured by ELISpot assay was used as a marker for T-cell and immune activation to cancer specific neoantigens. Any participant that had greater than or equal to 10 spots were considered positive.

    Measured: Blood was collected at tissue procurement, prior to the 1st and 3rd cycles of chemotherapy post debulking, at screening, months 2, 4, 6, end of treatment, and quarterly until recurrence, up to 3 years.

  2. Predictive Potential of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) and Tumor Associated Macrophage (TAM) Phenotypes

    Predictive potential for TIL and TAM was expected to be measured from tissue collected at baseline and at recurrence.

    Measured: From tissue procurement until recurrence.

  3. Vigil Related Adverse Events (AEs)

    AEs were reported using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0.

    Measured: From first dose of Vigil until 30 days following last dose of Vigil, up to 13 months.

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted7 Mar 2011 (estimated)
  2. Study start8 Mar 2011
  3. Primary completion2 Feb 2022
  4. Study completion2 Feb 2022

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
Participants were randomized 2 (Group A (Vigil)):1 (Group B (Standard of Care)). Randomization was only applicable to participants enrolled prior to approval of Protocol Amendment 8, dated June 19, 2014. All participants enrolled after approval of Protocol Amendment 8 were assigned to Group A (Vigil).
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
39 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT01309230
Sponsor's protocol ID
CL-PTL 105
Status last verified
Jun 2025
First submitted
25 Feb 2011
Last updated
8 Jun 2025
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Senzer N, Barve M, Kuhn J, Melnyk A, Beitsch P, Lazar M, Lifshitz S, Magee M, Oh J, Mill SW, Bedell C, Higgs C, Kumar P, Yu Y, Norvell F, Phalon C, Taquet N, Rao DD, Wang Z, Jay CM, Pappen BO, Wallraven G, Brunicardi FC, Shanahan DM, Maples PB, Nemunaitis J. Phase I trial of "bi-shRNAi(furin)/GMCSF DNA/autologous tumor cell" vaccine (FANG) in advanced cancer. Mol Ther. 2012 Mar;20(3):679-86. doi: 10.1038/mt.2011.269. Epub 2011 Dec 20.

    PubMed 22186789

  • Nemunaitis J, Barve M, Orr D, Kuhn J, Magee M, Lamont J, Bedell C, Wallraven G, Pappen BO, Roth A, Horvath S, Nemunaitis D, Kumar P, Maples PB, Senzer N. Summary of bi-shRNA/GM-CSF augmented autologous tumor cell immunotherapy (FANG) in advanced cancer of the liver. Oncology. 2014;87(1):21-9. doi: 10.1159/000360993. Epub 2014 Jun 25.

    PubMed 24968881

  • Ghisoli M, Barve M, Mennel R, Lenarsky C, Horvath S, Wallraven G, Pappen BO, Whiting S, Rao D, Senzer N, Nemunaitis J. Three-year Follow up of GMCSF/bi-shRNA(furin) DNA-transfected Autologous Tumor Immunotherapy (Vigil) in Metastatic Advanced Ewing's Sarcoma. Mol Ther. 2016 Aug;24(8):1478-83. doi: 10.1038/mt.2016.86. Epub 2016 Apr 25.

    PubMed 27109631

  • Ghisoli M, Barve M, Schneider R, Mennel R, Lenarsky C, Wallraven G, Pappen BO, LaNoue J, Kumar P, Nemunaitis D, Roth A, Nemunaitis J, Whiting S, Senzer N, Fletcher FA, Nemunaitis J. Pilot Trial of FANG Immunotherapy in Ewing's Sarcoma. Mol Ther. 2015 Jun;23(6):1103-1109. doi: 10.1038/mt.2015.43. Epub 2015 Mar 19.

    PubMed 25917459

  • Ghisoli M, Rutledge M, Stephens PJ, Mennel R, Barve M, Manley M, Oliai BR, Murphy KM, Manning L, Gutierrez B, Rangadass P, Walker A, Wang Z, Rao D, Adams N, Wallraven G, Senzer N, Nemunaitis J. Case Report: Immune-mediated Complete Response in a Patient With Recurrent Advanced Ewing Sarcoma (EWS) After Vigil Immunotherapy. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2017 May;39(4):e183-e186. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000822.

    PubMed 28338569

  • Rocconi RP, Grosen EA, Ghamande SA, Chan JK, Barve MA, Oh J, Tewari D, Morris PC, Stevens EE, Bottsford-Miller JN, Tang M, Aaron P, Stanbery L, Horvath S, Wallraven G, Bognar E, Manning L, Nemunaitis J, Shanahan D, Slomovitz BM, Herzog TJ, Monk BJ, Coleman RL. Gemogenovatucel-T (Vigil) immunotherapy as maintenance in frontline stage III/IV ovarian cancer (VITAL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020 Dec;21(12):1661-1672. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30533-7.

    PubMed 33271095

  • Oh J, Barve M, Matthews CM, Koon EC, Heffernan TP, Fine B, Grosen E, Bergman MK, Fleming EL, DeMars LR, West L, Spitz DL, Goodman H, Hancock KC, Wallraven G, Kumar P, Bognar E, Manning L, Pappen BO, Adams N, Senzer N, Nemunaitis J. Phase II study of Vigil(R) DNA engineered immunotherapy as maintenance in advanced stage ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2016 Dec;143(3):504-510. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.09.018. Epub 2016 Sep 24.

    PubMed 27678295

  • Oh J, Barve M, Senzer N, Aaron P, Manning L, Wallraven G, Bognar E, Stanbery L, Horvath S, Manley M, Nemunaitis J, Walter A, Rocconi RP. Long-term follow-up of Phase 2A trial results involving advanced ovarian cancer patients treated with Vigil(R) in frontline maintenance. Gynecol Oncol Rep. 2020 Sep 17;34:100648. doi: 10.1016/j.gore.2020.100648. eCollection 2020 Nov. No abstract available.

    PubMed 33364285

  • Rocconi RP, Stanbery L, Madeira da Silva L, Barrington RA, Aaron P, Manning L, Horvath S, Wallraven G, Bognar E, Walter A, Nemunaitis J. Long-Term Follow-Up of Gemogenovatucel-T (Vigil) Survival and Molecular Signals of Immune Response in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Aug 12;9(8):894. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9080894.

    PubMed 34452019

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Vigil™ in people with Ovarian Cancer, run by Gradalis, Inc. at 7 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 7 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 24 Mar 2023). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Time to Recurrence (TTR) (time frame: Treatment start to the date of first recurrence or date of death if the participant died before recurrence. Radiographic assessment at baseline, </= 1 week prior to Cycle 4, at Standard of Care intervals, and when CA-125>35 U/mL, approximately 3 years.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01309230, which also lists 9 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Jun 2025.

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