Total Knee ArthroplastyNCT01333943
Saphenous Nerve Block Versus Femoral Nerve Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty
A study testing Study Group: Experimental in people with Total Knee Arthroplasty, run by Hospital for Special Surgery, New York at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Currently, the regional anesthetic standard of care for total knee replacement surgery is combined spinal/epidural, with or without a femoral nerve block, or FNB. Lasting approximately 18 hours, the FNB works by numbing the femoral nerve (and its branches), which is the major nerve controlling the knee joint. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 90 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Total Knee Arthroplasty
- What is being tested?
- Study Group: Experimental
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 94 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Mar 2011to Nov 2011
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 90 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- All patients ages 18-90 undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty
- Planned use of neuraxial anesthesia
- Ability to follow study protocol
- American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Class 1-3
Who cannot join
- Contraindication to a spinal or epidural anesthetic
- Chronic opioid use (defined as daily or almost daily use of opioids for >3 months)
- Hypersensitivity and/or allergy to local anesthetics
- Intraoperative use of any volatile anesthetic
- Patients with a pre-existing neuropathy on the operative limb
- Contraindication to a femoral nerve block or saphenous nerve block
- Allergy to any of the study medications
- Non-English speaking patients
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Hospital for Special Surgery
New York, New York, 10021
About this study
Official title: Saphenous (Adductor Canal) Nerve Block Versus Femoral Nerve Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Novel Approach for Postoperative Analgesia
Currently, the regional anesthetic standard of care for total knee replacement surgery is combined spinal/epidural, with or without a femoral nerve block, or FNB. Lasting approximately 18 hours, the FNB works by numbing the femoral nerve (and its branches), which is the major nerve controlling the knee joint. The femoral nerve also provides movement and sensation. While this regional anesthetic technique offers significant postoperative pain relief, it is possible that it may cause muscle weakness and increase patients' recovery time. Hence there is a need for an alternative technique, one that may help minimize postoperative pain as effectively as the FNB, while not causing weakness of the quadriceps muscle.
The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve, provides sensation to the knee. Thus it is hypothesized that by "blocking" or anesthetizing the saphenous nerve with local anesthetic closer to where it branches off, the area around and below the knee will feel numb. Yet unlike with the FNB, the quadriceps muscle itself will still be able to function.
Patients will be randomized to receive FNB or saphenous nerve block. Quadriceps strength will be tested using a dynamometer before surgery (baseline), 6-8 hours following anesthesia administration, and on postoperative days 1 and 2. It is hypothesized that patients who receive FNB will experience a 50% decrease in quadriceps strength compared to baseline.
- Conditions
- Total Knee Arthroplasty
- Being tested
- Study Group: Experimental, Control Group
- Keywords
- Total Knee Replacement, Regional Anesthesia, Quadriceps, Muscle Strength, Muscle Strength Dynamometer, Quadriceps muscle strength after regional anesthesia for TKA
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Study Group: ExperimentalProcedure or surgery
Also called Saphenous (Adductor Canal) Nerve Block
The study group will receive the saphenous nerve block, at the level of the adductor canal. The block will be under ultrasound guidance. The local anesthetic will be 15 ml of 0.5% bupivicaine. The study group will also receive a combined spinal epidural, with 2.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine as the spinal agent. Additional drugs include anti-emetics, specifically Ondansetron (4 mg).
Control GroupProcedure or surgery
Also called Femoral Nerve Block
The control group will receive the femoral nerve block. The block will be under ultrasound guidance. The local anesthetic will be 30 ml of 0.25% bupivicaine. The control group will also receive a combined spinal epidural, with 2.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine as the spinal agent. Additional drugs include anti-emetics, specifically Ondansetron (4 mg).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Experimental | Saphenous (Adductor Canal) Nerve Block Receives: Procedure: Study Group: Experimental |
| Control | Active comparator | Femoral Nerve Block Receives: Procedure: Control Group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Quadriceps Muscle Strength
Measurements were made by a handheld dynamometer while patients perform isometric exercises. Results are presented in kilogram-force (kgF) units. One kgF is equal to 9.80665 N.
Measured: 48 hours following administration of anesthesia.
Secondary outcomes (5)
Total Opioid Usage
Opioid consumption data were collected and converted to oral morphine equivalents.
Measured: Postoperative day 4.
NRS Pain Scores at Rest
Patients rated pain on a scale of 0-10, with 0 representing no pain and 10 representing worst pain.
Measured: Postoperative day 4.
Patient Satisfaction With the Nerve Block.
Patient satisfaction was measured on a 0-10 scale (0=not satisfied; 10=very satisfied).
Measured: 24 hours following administration of anesthesia.
Incidence of Postoperative Complications.
Measured: Postoperative day 4.
Total Length of Hospital Stay
Measured: Total length of hospital stay
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Apr 2011 (estimated)
- Study startMar 2011
- Primary completionNov 2011
- Study completionNov 2011
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Total Knee ArthroplastyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Hospital for Special Surgery, New YorkThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 94 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- David H. Kim, MD, Principal investigator, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01333943
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2012-031
- Status last verified
- Apr 2022
- First submitted
- 8 Apr 2011
- Last updated
- 11 May 2022
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Maffiuletti NA. Assessment of hip and knee muscle function in orthopaedic practice and research. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Jan;92(1):220-9. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.00305.
PubMed 20048117Bohannon RW. Measuring knee extensor muscle strength. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Jan;80(1):13-8. doi: 10.1097/00002060-200101000-00004.
PubMed 11138949Capdevila X, Barthelet Y, Biboulet P, Ryckwaert Y, Rubenovitch J, d'Athis F. Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on the surgical outcome and duration of rehabilitation after major knee surgery. Anesthesiology. 1999 Jul;91(1):8-15. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199907000-00006.
PubMed 10422923Singelyn FJ, Deyaert M, Joris D, Pendeville E, Gouverneur JM. Effects of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine, continuous epidural analgesia, and continuous three-in-one block on postoperative pain and knee rehabilitation after unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Anesth Analg. 1998 Jul;87(1):88-92. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199807000-00019.
PubMed 9661552Kandasami M, Kinninmonth AW, Sarungi M, Baines J, Scott NB. Femoral nerve block for total knee replacement - a word of caution. Knee. 2009 Mar;16(2):98-100. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2008.10.007. Epub 2008 Nov 28.
PubMed 19046884Horn JL, Pitsch T, Salinas F, Benninger B. Anatomic basis to the ultrasound-guided approach for saphenous nerve blockade. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 Sep-Oct;34(5):486-9. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181ae11af.
PubMed 19920424Akkaya T, Ersan O, Ozkan D, Sahiner Y, Akin M, Gumus H, Ates Y. Saphenous nerve block is an effective regional technique for post-menisectomy pain. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008 Sep;16(9):855-8. doi: 10.1007/s00167-008-0572-4. Epub 2008 Jun 24.
PubMed 18574578
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 May 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Saphenous (Adductor Canal) Nerve Block Versus Femoral Nerve Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Novel Approach for Postoperative Analgesia
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01333943
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2012-031
- Conditions
- Total Knee Arthroplasty
- Keywords
- Total Knee Replacement, Regional Anesthesia, Quadriceps, Muscle Strength, Muscle Strength Dynamometer, Quadriceps muscle strength after regional anesthesia for TKA
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 94 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New YorkUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Mar 2011
- Primary completion
- Nov 2011 (actual)
- Study completion
- Nov 2011 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Apr 2011 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 18 Dec 2017
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Currently, the regional anesthetic standard of care for total knee replacement surgery is combined spinal/epidural, with or without a femoral nerve block, or FNB. Lasting approximately 18 hours, the FNB works by numbing the femoral nerve (and its branches), which is the major nerve controlling the knee joint. The femoral nerve also provides movement and sensation. While this regional anesthetic technique offers significant postoperative pain relief, it is possible that it may cause muscle weakness and increase patients' recovery time. Hence there is a need for an alternative technique, one that may help minimize postoperative pain as effectively as the FNB, while not causing weakness of the quadriceps muscle.
The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve, provides sensation to the knee. Thus it is hypothesized that by "blocking" or anesthetizing the saphenous nerve with local anesthetic closer to where it branches off, the area around and below the knee will feel numb. Yet unlike with the FNB, the quadriceps muscle itself will still be able to function.
Patients will be randomized to receive FNB or saphenous nerve block. Quadriceps strength will be tested using a dynamometer before surgery (baseline), 6-8 hours following anesthesia administration, and on postoperative days 1 and 2. It is hypothesized that patients who receive FNB will experience a 50% decrease in quadriceps strength compared to baseline.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Experimental | Procedure: Study Group: ExperimentalSaphenous (Adductor Canal) Nerve Block |
| Control | Active comparator | Procedure: Control GroupFemoral Nerve Block |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 90 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- All patients ages 18-90 undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty
- Planned use of neuraxial anesthesia
- Ability to follow study protocol
- American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Class 1-3
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Contraindication to a spinal or epidural anesthetic
- Chronic opioid use (defined as daily or almost daily use of opioids for >3 months)
- Hypersensitivity and/or allergy to local anesthetics
- Intraoperative use of any volatile anesthetic
- Patients with a pre-existing neuropathy on the operative limb
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Study Group: ExperimentalAlso: Saphenous (Adductor Canal) Nerve BlockThe study group will receive the saphenous nerve block, at the level of the adductor canal. The block will be under ultrasound guidance. The local anesthetic will be 15 ml of 0.5% bupivicaine. The study group will also receive a combined spinal epidural, with 2.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine as the spinal agent. Additional drugs include anti-emetics, specifically Ondansetron (4 mg). | Procedure or surgery | Experimental |
| Control GroupAlso: Femoral Nerve BlockThe control group will receive the femoral nerve block. The block will be under ultrasound guidance. The local anesthetic will be 30 ml of 0.25% bupivicaine. The control group will also receive a combined spinal epidural, with 2.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine as the spinal agent. Additional drugs include anti-emetics, specifically Ondansetron (4 mg). | Procedure or surgery | Control |
Primary outcome
Quadriceps Muscle Strength
Time frame: 48 hours following administration of anesthesia.
Measurements were made by a handheld dynamometer while patients perform isometric exercises. Results are presented in kilogram-force (kgF) units. One kgF is equal to 9.80665 N.
5 secondary outcomes
Total Opioid Usage
Time frame: Postoperative day 4.
NRS Pain Scores at Rest
Time frame: Postoperative day 4.
Patient Satisfaction With the Nerve Block.
Time frame: 24 hours following administration of anesthesia.
Incidence of Postoperative Complications.
Time frame: Postoperative day 4.
Total Length of Hospital Stay
Time frame: Total length of hospital stay
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 May 2022.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 20048117Maffiuletti NA. Assessment of hip and knee muscle function in orthopaedic practice and research. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Jan;92(1):220-9. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.00305.
- Background: PubMed 11138949Bohannon RW. Measuring knee extensor muscle strength. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Jan;80(1):13-8. doi: 10.1097/00002060-200101000-00004.
- Background: PubMed 10422923Capdevila X, Barthelet Y, Biboulet P, Ryckwaert Y, Rubenovitch J, d'Athis F. Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on the surgical outcome and duration of rehabilitation after major knee surgery. Anesthesiology. 1999 Jul;91(1):8-15. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199907000-00006.
- Background: PubMed 9661552Singelyn FJ, Deyaert M, Joris D, Pendeville E, Gouverneur JM. Effects of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine, continuous epidural analgesia, and continuous three-in-one block on postoperative pain and knee rehabilitation after unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Anesth Analg. 1998 Jul;87(1):88-92. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199807000-00019.
- Background: PubMed 19046884Kandasami M, Kinninmonth AW, Sarungi M, Baines J, Scott NB. Femoral nerve block for total knee replacement - a word of caution. Knee. 2009 Mar;16(2):98-100. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2008.10.007. Epub 2008 Nov 28.
- Background: PubMed 19920424Horn JL, Pitsch T, Salinas F, Benninger B. Anatomic basis to the ultrasound-guided approach for saphenous nerve blockade. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 Sep-Oct;34(5):486-9. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181ae11af.
- Background: PubMed 18574578Akkaya T, Ersan O, Ozkan D, Sahiner Y, Akin M, Gumus H, Ates Y. Saphenous nerve block is an effective regional technique for post-menisectomy pain. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008 Sep;16(9):855-8. doi: 10.1007/s00167-008-0572-4. Epub 2008 Jun 24.
- This is the link to the Hospital for Special Surgery home website.Link provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
David H. Kim, MD principal investigator
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Study Group: Experimental in people with Total Knee Arthroplasty, run by Hospital for Special Surgery, New York at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 May 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 18 Dec 2017). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Quadriceps Muscle Strength (time frame: 48 hours following administration of anesthesia.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01333943, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 May 2022.