Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Patients With Psychosis Associated With Dementia of Alzheimer's Type

The NPI is a questionnaire that quantifies behavioral changes in dementia. For each of 12 behavioral domains there are 4 scores: Frequency (scale:1=occasionally to 4=very frequently), Severity (scale:1=Mild to 3=Severe), Total (frequency x severity), Caregiver distress (scale: 0=not at all distressing to 5=extremely distressing).The NPI Psychosis Subscale consists of the two domains of Delusions and Hallucinations, calculated by adding the Individual Item Scores, to yield a possible total score of 0 to 24. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The NPI is a questionnaire that quantifies behavioral changes in dementia. For each of 12 behavioral domains there are 4 scores: Frequency (scale: 1=occasionally to 4=very frequently), Severity (scale:1=Mild to 3=Severe), Total (frequency x severity), Caregiver distress (scale: 0=not at all distressing to 5=extremely distressing).The NPI Total Score is calculated by adding the Individual Item Scores for all 12 domains, to yield a possible NPI Total Score of 0 to 144. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The NPI is a questionnaire that quantifies behavioral changes in dementia. For each of 12 behavioral domains there are 4 scores: Frequency (scale:1=occasionally to 4=very frequently), Severity (scale:1=Mild to 3=Severe), Total (frequency x severity), Caregiver distress (scale: 0=not at all distressing to 5=extremely distressing).The NPI Psychosis Subscale consists of the two domains of Delusions and Hallucinations, calculated by adding the Individual Item Scores, to yield a possible total score of 0 to 24. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The NPI is a questionnaire that quantifies behavioral changes in dementia. For each of 12 behavioral domains there are 4 scores: Frequency (scale: 1=occasionally to 4=very frequently), Severity (scale:1=Mild to 3=Severe), Total (frequency x severity), Caregiver distress (scale: 0=not at all distressing to 5=extremely distressing).The NPI Total Score is calculated by adding the Individual Item Scores for all 12 domains, to yield a possible NPI Total Score of 0 to 144. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The NPI is a questionnaire that quantifies behavioral changes in dementia. For each of 12 behavioral domains there are 4 scores: Frequency (scale:1=occasionally to 4=very frequently), Severity (scale:1=Mild to 3=Severe), Total (frequency x severity), Caregiver distress (scale:0=not at all distressing to 5=extremely distressing). The NPI Psychosis Subscale Caregiver Distress Score is calculated by adding Individual Item Scores for the domains of Delusions and Hallucinations, to yield a possible total score of 0 to 10. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline=improvement.

The NPI is a questionnaire that quantifies behavioral changes in dementia. For each of 12 behavioral domains there are 4 scores: Frequency (scale: 1=occasionally to 4=very frequently), Severity (scale:1=Mild to 3=Severe), Total (frequency x severity), Caregiver distress (scale: 0=not at all distressing to 5=extremely distressing).The total NPI Caregiver Distress Score is calculated by adding the 12 Caregiver Distress Individual Item Scores, to yield a possible total score of 0 to 60. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The CGI rating scale, which measures symptom severity, treatment response and the efficacy of treatments, is used in clinical studies on mental disorders. CGI Severity scale is a 7-point scale that requires the clinician to rate the severity of the illness at the time of assessment, relative to the clinician's past experience with participants who have the same diagnosis. The assessment is based on severity of mental illness at the time of rating, 0=not assessed, 1=normal, 2=borderline mentally ill; 3=mildly ill; 4=moderately ill; 5=markedly ill; 6=severely ill; or 7=extremely ill.

The CGI rating scale, which measures symptom severity, treatment response and the efficacy of treatments, is used in clinical studies on mental disorders. CGI Improvement scale is a 7 point scale that requires the clinician to assess how much the participant's illness has improved or worsened relative to a baseline state at the beginning of the intervention: 1=very much improved; 2=much improved; 3=minimally improved; 4=no change; 5=minimally worse; 6=much worse; 7=very much worse.

The BPRS is designed to measure clinical change in participants and is used as a global measure of psychopathology. The BPRS includes 18 items with items devoted to hallucinatory behavior, suspiciousness, unusual thought content, etc. BPRS is an 18-item clinician rated scale with 11 general symptom items, 5 positive-symptom items, and 2 negative symptom items scored on a 7-point scale (1=not present and 7=extremely severe), with higher score indicating greater severity of symptom. Total possible score range=18 to 126.

A negative change score signifies improvement.

The MMSE is a screening test for cognitive dysfunction. The test consists of five sections (orientation, registration, attention-calculation, recall, and language). It is a 19 item scale, the total score can range from 0 to 30, with a higher score indicating better function. A positive change score indicates improvement from baseline.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The 12 individual items in NPI that quantify behavioral changes in dementia are delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behaviors, and appetite. For each behavioral domain there are 4 scores (refer to outcome 1 for the scoring for frequency, severity, total, caregiver distress). Presence of symptoms (0=no, 1=yes) x ratings for frequency and severity yield a total possible score of 0 to 12 for each item. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The SAS is a 10-item instrument used to evaluate the presence and severity of parkinsonian symptomatology. It is the most commonly used rating scale for Parkinsonism in clinical trials over the past 25 years. The ten items focus on rigidity rather than bradykinesia, and do not assess subjective rigidity or slowness. Items are rated for severity on a 0-4 scale, with definitions given for each anchor point. The total SAS Score has a possible range from 10 to 50.(lower score=less severe). Negative change scores indicate improvement.

The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) is a rating scale that was designed to measure involuntary movements (tardive dyskinesia). The AIMS test has a total of twelve items rating involuntary movements of various areas of the patient's body. These items are rated on a five-point scale of severity from 0-4. The scale is rated from 0 (none), 1 (minimal), 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), 4 (severe).

AIMS Total Score is from 0 to 28. A negative change score signifies improvement.

The Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale is a 4-item scale to assess presence and severity of drug-induced akathisia, including both objective items and subjective items, together with a global clinical assessment of akathisia. Global assessment is made on a scale of 0 to 5 with comprehensive definitions provided for each anchor point on scale: 0=absent; 1=questionable; 2=mild akathisia; 3=moderate akathisia; 4=marked akathisia; 5=severe akathisia. Score has a possible range from 0 (absent) to 5 (severe akathisia). Negative change scores indicate improvement in akathisia.

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are various movement disorders such as acute dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonism, or akathisia

AE is defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition. SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or causes prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a cancer, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, results in the development of drug dependency or drug abuse, is an important medical event.

Criteria for identifying potentially clinically significant laboratory values were based on guidelines suggested by the FDA Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products. Normal ranges are local lab data and vary according to the site. M=male, F=female. Criteria for hematocrit also includes a 3 point shift from baseline.

Systolic BP: increase defined as ≥180 and a ≥20-mmHg increase from baseline (BL); decrease defined as ≤90 and a ≥20mmHg decrease from BL. Diastolic BP: increase defined as ≥105 and a ≥15mmHg decrease from BL, decrease defined as ≤50 and a ≥15mmHg decrease from BL. Heart rate: increase defined as ≥120 and ≥15bpm increase from BL, decrease defined as ≤50 and ≥15bpm decrease from BL; Weight: increase defined as ≥7% from BL, decrease defined as ≤7% decrease BL. Criteria for identifying PCS measurements are based on guidelines suggested by the FDA Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products

Bradycardia:Heart rate ≤50 bpm and ≥15 bpm decrease from baseline; Supraventricular premature beat: ≥2 per 10 seconds and any increase from baseline; 1st degree A-V Block: PR ≥0.20 seconds and increase of ≥0.05 second from baseline; Intraventricular conduction block:QRS ≥0.12 second and increase of ≥0.02 second from baseline; QTcB= ≥450 msec and ≥10% increase from baseline; QTcN =≥450 msec and ≥10% increase from baseline. All other events were not present at baseline but observed during the study. Inc=increase

The NPI is a questionnaire that quantifies behavioral changes in dementia. For each of 12 behavioral domains there are 4 scores: Frequency (scale:1=occasionally to 4=very frequently), Severity (scale:1=Mild to 3=Severe), Total (frequency x severity), Caregiver distress (scale: 0=not at all distressing to 5=extremely distressing).The NPI Psychosis Subscale consists of the two domains of Delusions and Hallucinations, calculated by adding the Individual Item Scores, to yield a possible total score of 0 to 24. Lower score=less severity. A negative change score from baseline indicates improvement.

The CGI rating scale, which measures symptom severity, treatment response and the efficacy of treatments, is used in clinical studies on mental disorders. CGI Improvement scale is a 7 point scale that requires the clinician to assess how much the participant's illness has improved or worsened relative to a baseline state at the beginning of the intervention: 1=very much improved; 2=much improved; 3=minimally improved; 4=no change; 5=minimally worse; 6=much worse; 7=very much worse.

AIMS is a rating scale that was designed to measure involuntary movements (tardive dyskinesia). The AIMS test has a total of twelve items rating involuntary movements of various areas of the patient's body. These items are rated on a five-point scale of severity from 0-4. The scale is rated from 0 (none), 1 (minimal), 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), 4 (severe).

AIMS Total Score is from 0 to 28. A negative change score signifies improvement.

The SAS is a 10-item instrument used to evaluate the presence and severity of parkinsonian symptomatology. It is the most commonly used rating scale for Parkinsonism in clinical trials over the past 25 years. The ten items focus on rigidity rather than bradykinesia, and do not assess subjective rigidity or slowness. Items are rated for severity on a 0-4 scale, with definitions given for each anchor point. The total SAS Score has a possible range from 10 to 50 (lower score=less severe). Negative change scores indicate improvement.

The Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale is a 4-item scale to assess presence and severity of drug-induced akathisia, including both objective items and subjective items, together with a global clinical assessment of akathisia. Global assessment is made on a scale of 0 to 5 with comprehensive definitions provided for each anchor point on scale: 0=absent; 1=questionable; 2=mild akathisia; 3=moderate akathisia; 4=marked akathisia; 5=severe akathisia. Score has a possible range from 0 (absent) to 5 (severe akathisia). Negative change scores indicate improvement in akathisia.

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are various movement disorders such as acute dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonism, or akathisia

AE is defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition. SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or causes prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a cancer, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, results in the development of drug dependency or drug abuse, is an important medical event.

Systolic BP: increase defined as ≥180 and a ≥20-mmHg increase from baseline (BL); decrease defined as ≤90 and a ≤20mmHg decrease from BL. Diastolic BP: increase defined as ≥105 and a ≥15mmHg decrease from BL, decrease defined as ≤50 and a ≤15mmHg decrease from BL. Heart rate: increase defined as ≥120 and ≥15bpm increase from bBL, decrease defined as ≤50 and ≤15bpm decrease from BL; Weight: increase defined as ≥7% from baseline, decrease defined as ≤7% decrease BL. Criteria for identifying PCS measurements based on guidelines suggested by the FDA Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products

Bradycardia:Heart rate ≤50 bpm and ≥15 bpm decrease from baseline; Supraventricular premature beat: ≥2 per 10 seconds and any increase from baseline; 1st degree A-V Block: PR ≥0.20 seconds and increase of ≥0.05 second from baseline; Intraventricular conduction block:QRS ≥0.12 second and increase of ≥0.02 second from baseline; QTcB= ≥450 msec and ≥10% increase from baseline; QTcN =≥450 msec and ≥10% increase from baseline. All other events were not present at baseline but observed during the study

Criteria for identifying potentially clinically significant laboratory values were based on guidelines suggested by the FDA Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products.

AE is defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition. SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or causes prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a cancer, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, results in the development of drug dependency or drug abuse, is an important medical event.