InfluenzaNCT01455753
The Effect of Proximity on Flu-Shot Participation
An observational study of Influenza and Human, run by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Using desk location information and employees' building entry/exit swipe card data from a company that offered a free 2-day worksite influenza vaccination clinic, we separately identify the vaccination effects of base proximity-the inverse of walking distance between one's desk and the clinic-and functional… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- What is being tested?
- Functional Proximity and Base Proximity
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines
- How many people
- 1,801 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Oct 2011to May 2012
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Employees at the headquarters of a health benefits administrator in the US. These employees are generally not health care personnel. All of them have health insurance. Of HQ employees, 520 are housed in Building 1 (the site of the vaccination clinic) and 1,281 are housed in Building 2. The two buildings are 131 meters apart and connected by an enclosed passageway. The clinic was located near the cafeteria in Building 1 and adjacent to the passageway connecting the two buildings.
Who may be able to join
- Employee of Express Scripts.
- Eligible to receive a flu shot at Express Scripts.
- Over 18 years of age.
Who cannot join
- Children
- Non Express Scripts employees
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Using desk location information and employees' building entry/exit swipe card data from a company that offered a free 2-day worksite influenza vaccination clinic, we separately identify the vaccination effects of base proximity-the inverse of walking distance between one's desk and the clinic-and functional proximity-the likelihood of passing near the clinic during the course of a normal work day (ie, days when the clinic is not open).
Read the detailed description
We study the 2011 influenza vaccine uptake of employees at the headquarters of a health benefits administrator in the United States. These employees are generally not health care personnel. All of them have health insurance. Of the company's total workforce (including those not based at the headquarters), 26% are African Americans and 37% are racial minorities.
There are 2 main buildings at the company headquarters. Building One houses 520 employees and is the site of the vaccination clinic; Building Two houses 1281 employees. The 2 buildings are 131 meters apart and connected by an enclosed passageway. The clinic was located near the cafeteria in Building One and adjacent to the passageway connecting the 2 buildings. The clinic was conducted from October 19 to 20, 2011, and it was advertised during the 3 weeks prior.
The company requires employees to swipe a personalized electronic badge to open the external doors of its buildings, which include the doors to the passageway between the buildings. The company provided us data on the date and time of each swipe in September and October 2011. If an employee swipes her badge and holds the door open for another employee, we do not observe that other employee. The badge swipe data are therefore an incomplete measure of all movements between the buildings. The company also gave us data on employee characteristics and vaccination uptake, scaled architectural plans of the buildings, and employee desk maps.
- Being tested
- Functional Proximity, Base Proximity
- Keywords
- Influenza, Proximity
- Medical subject headings
- Influenza, Human
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Functional ProximityOther
Using each employee's building entry/exit swipe card data, we test whether functional proximity-the likelihood that the employee walks by the clinic for reasons other than vaccination-predicts whether the employee gets vaccinated at the clinic.
Base ProximityOther
We also test whether base proximity-the inverse of walking distance from the employee's desk to the clinic-predicts vaccination probability.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Employees | A total of 1,801 employees of a health benefits administrator that held a free workplace influenza vaccination clinic. Receives: Other: Functional Proximity; Other: Base Proximity |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Receipt of influenza vaccine
The investigators will measure whether proximity to a flu shot clinic effected whether an employee received an influenza vaccine.
Measured: One week
Secondary outcomes (2)
Absenteeism
The investigators will measure absenteeism in employees who received a flu shot versus employees who did not receive a flu shot.
Measured: The investigators will follow employees' absenteeism for five to six months
Demographic characteristics on flu shot participation
The investigators will explore how demographic characteristics correlate to employees receiving an influenza vaccination.
Measured: Up to 3 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Oct 2011 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2011
- Primary completionMay 2012
- Study completionMay 2012
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for InfluenzaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 1,801 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- David I Laibson, Ph.D., Principal investigator, National Bureau of Economic Research, Harvard University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01455753
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 0006
- Other IDs
- P30AG034532, P01AG005842
- Status last verified
- Dec 2017
- First submitted
- 12 Oct 2011
- Last updated
- 18 Dec 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Beshears J, Choi JJ, Laibson DI, Madrian BC, Reynolds GI. Vaccination Rates are Associated With Functional Proximity But Not Base Proximity of Vaccination Clinics. Med Care. 2016 Jun;54(6):578-83. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000523.
PubMed 27177295
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Dec 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Proximity on Flu-Shot Participation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01455753
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 0006
- Keywords
- Influenza, Proximity
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,801 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- Study start
- Oct 2011
- Primary completion
- May 2012 (actual)
- Study completion
- May 2012 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Oct 2011 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Using desk location information and employees' building entry/exit swipe card data from a company that offered a free 2-day worksite influenza vaccination clinic, we separately identify the vaccination effects of base proximity-the inverse of walking distance between one's desk and the clinic-and functional proximity-the likelihood of passing near the clinic during the course of a normal work day (ie, days when the clinic is not open).
Detailed description
We study the 2011 influenza vaccine uptake of employees at the headquarters of a health benefits administrator in the United States. These employees are generally not health care personnel. All of them have health insurance. Of the company's total workforce (including those not based at the headquarters), 26% are African Americans and 37% are racial minorities.
There are 2 main buildings at the company headquarters. Building One houses 520 employees and is the site of the vaccination clinic; Building Two houses 1281 employees. The 2 buildings are 131 meters apart and connected by an enclosed passageway. The clinic was located near the cafeteria in Building One and adjacent to the passageway connecting the 2 buildings. The clinic was conducted from October 19 to 20, 2011, and it was advertised during the 3 weeks prior.
The company requires employees to swipe a personalized electronic badge to open the external doors of its buildings, which include the doors to the passageway between the buildings. The company provided us data on the date and time of each swipe in September and October 2011. If an employee swipes her badge and holds the door open for another employee, we do not observe that other employee. The badge swipe data are therefore an incomplete measure of all movements between the buildings. The company also gave us data on employee characteristics and vaccination uptake, scaled architectural plans of the buildings, and employee desk maps.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Employees | – | Other: Functional Proximity, Other: Base ProximityA total of 1,801 employees of a health benefits administrator that held a free workplace influenza vaccination clinic. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Employees at the headquarters of a health benefits administrator in the US. These employees are generally not health care personnel. All of them have health insurance. Of HQ employees, 520 are housed in Building 1 (the site of the vaccination clinic) and 1,281 are housed in Building 2. The two buildings are 131 meters apart and connected by an enclosed passageway. The clinic was located near the cafeteria in Building 1 and adjacent to the passageway connecting the two buildings.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Employee of Express Scripts.
- Eligible to receive a flu shot at Express Scripts.
- Over 18 years of age.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Children
- Non Express Scripts employees
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Functional ProximityUsing each employee's building entry/exit swipe card data, we test whether functional proximity-the likelihood that the employee walks by the clinic for reasons other than vaccination-predicts whether the employee gets vaccinated at the clinic. | Other | Employees |
| Base ProximityWe also test whether base proximity-the inverse of walking distance from the employee's desk to the clinic-predicts vaccination probability. | Other | Employees |
Primary outcome
Receipt of influenza vaccine
Time frame: One week
The investigators will measure whether proximity to a flu shot clinic effected whether an employee received an influenza vaccine.
2 secondary outcomes
Absenteeism
Time frame: The investigators will follow employees' absenteeism for five to six months
Demographic characteristics on flu shot participation
Time frame: Up to 3 years
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Dec 2017.
- Results publication: PubMed 27177295Beshears J, Choi JJ, Laibson DI, Madrian BC, Reynolds GI. Vaccination Rates are Associated With Functional Proximity But Not Base Proximity of Vaccination Clinics. Med Care. 2016 Jun;54(6):578-83. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000523.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
David I Laibson, Ph.D. principal investigator
National Bureau of Economic Research, Harvard University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Influenza and Human, run by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Dec 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Receipt of influenza vaccine (time frame: One week). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01455753, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Dec 2017.