Other Acute PainSprixNCT01471639
An Efficacy and Safety Trial of Intranasal Ketorolac in Emergency Department Patients for the Treatment of Acute Pain
A study testing intranasal ketorolac in people with Other Acute Pain, run by The Cleveland Clinic at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness, the safety, and the tolerability of intranasal ketorolac (Sprix) in relieving acute pain in adults ages 18-65 who come to the ED seeking care. Considering all ED visits, pain is the most common chief complaint. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Other Acute Pain
- What is being tested?
- intranasal ketorolac
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 37 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Nov 2011to Jun 2012
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patient is being seen in the emergency department (ED) in acute pain from an acute illness or injury (such as a kidney stone or an acute musculoskeletal injury)
- Age ≥ 18 years and < 65 years
- Stable patient with stable vital signs, including not in shock (systolic BP >90), not in respiratory failure, and not a multiple trauma patient
- Mentally competent patient is able to understand the consent form
- Baseline pain score is moderate to severe (e.g. on NRS ≥ 4 on a 0 to 10 NRS or ≥ 40 on a 0 to 100 NRS)
Who cannot join
- Unstable patients
- Multiple trauma patients
- Patients with any allergies to ketorolac or any of the components in the nasal spray preparation
- Patients with active peptic ulcer disease
- Patients with a history of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDS
- Patients about to undergo major surgery
Show all 17Show fewer
- Patients with renal disease or at risk for renal failure due to volume depletion
- Pregnant or nursing mothers
- Patients with suspected or confirmed cerebrovascular bleeding, patients with hemorrhagic diathesis, and/or those at high-risk of bleeding
- Patient with a nasal abnormality or illness that could affect the absorption of intranasal medication (such as: nasal discharge, rhinitis, acute upper respiratory infection, acute epistaxis, nasal polyp, nasal tumor)
- Patient with any other contraindication to the use of Sprix, or in whom use of Sprix would not be consistent with the approved package insert
- History of chronic pain
- History of drug abuse
- History of significant neurologic disorder (could include diseases such as diabetic neuropathy, Parkinson's disease, etc)
- History of significant psychiatric disorder
- History of being on medications that may affect neurotransmitters (such as certain neurologic or psychiatric medications)
- No immediate post-op patients
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: A Prospective, Open-label, Nonrandomized Efficacy and Safety Trial of Intranasal Ketorolac in Emergency Department Patients for the Treatment of Acute Pain
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness, the safety, and the tolerability of intranasal ketorolac (Sprix) in relieving acute pain in adults ages 18-65 who come to the ED seeking care. Considering all ED visits, pain is the most common chief complaint. Giving intranasal ketorolac (Sprix) after stomach and dental surgeries has been shown to be safe and effective, but no studies have investigated the use of intranasal ketorolac (Sprix) for the treatment of acute pain in the ED.
Ketorolac (Sprix) has several advantages over other drugs commonly given for pain, including opioids. Ketorolac (Sprix) is non-addicting and has fewer side effects than opioids. The administration of ketorolac (Sprix) by other methods, such as IV, intramuscular shot, and oral pill form, has been shown to be safe and effective in treating acute pain.
This study is being done to find out if giving ketorolac (Sprix) as a single dose nasal spray will have the same benefit in decreasing patient's pain.
Read the detailed description
Adults between the ages of 18-65 were being seen in the emergency department of a single large tertiary care hospital with acute pain (moderate to severe 4-10 NRS scale). Those who met inclusion criteria were approached. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants. The study was approved by local Institutional Review Board (IRB). Demographics (age, gender, ethnicity) were recorded. Baseline pain scores on NRS were obtained prior to administration of the drug. Pain scores (NRS) after administration of the drug (intranasal ketorolac) were recorded. All adverse events/side effects were recorded. Data was obtained for the time the individual patient was in the emergency department being treated.
- Conditions
- Other Acute Pain
- Being tested
- intranasal ketorolac
- Keywords
- 18 years and older,, previously healthy, men and nonpregnant women, emergency department
- Medical subject headings
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1, Emergencies
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
intranasal ketorolacDrug
Also called Sprix
15 mg
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intranasal ketorolac (Sprix) | Experimental | FDA approved drug used in single arm study Receives: Drug: intranasal ketorolac |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Efficacy of Intranasal Ketorolac on Numeric Pain Scale
Change in numeric rating scale after receiving intranasal ketorolac. 0 (no pain) - 10 (worst possible pain)
Measured: up to 4 hours
Secondary outcomes (1)
Adverse Event/Side Effects
Safety assessed by reporting of all adverse events and side effects.
Measured: Up to 4 hours
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Nov 2011 (estimated)
- Study startNov 2011
- Primary completionJun 2012
- Study completionJun 2012
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Other Acute PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by The Cleveland ClinicThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 37 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The Cleveland Clinic
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Regent, Inc.
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Sharon Mace, MD, Principal investigator, The Cleveland Clinic
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01471639
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- LUI-S4
- Acronym
- Sprix
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 4 Nov 2011
- Last updated
- 15 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Pfaffenrath V, Fenzl E, Bregman D, Farkkila M. Intranasal ketorolac tromethamine (SPRIX(R)) containing 6% of lidocaine (ROX-828) for acute treatment of migraine: safety and efficacy data from a phase II clinical trial. Cephalalgia. 2012 Jul;32(10):766-77. doi: 10.1177/0333102412451359. Epub 2012 Jun 18.
PubMed 22711895
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Prospective, Open-label, Nonrandomized Efficacy and Safety Trial of Intranasal Ketorolac in Emergency Department Patients for the Treatment of Acute Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01471639
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Sprix / LUI-S4
- Conditions
- Other Acute Pain
- Keywords
- 18 years and older,, previously healthy, men and nonpregnant women, emergency department
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 37 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- The Cleveland ClinicUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Regent, Inc.
- Study start
- Nov 2011
- Primary completion
- Jun 2012 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jun 2012 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Nov 2011 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 12 Sep 2017
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness, the safety, and the tolerability of intranasal ketorolac (Sprix) in relieving acute pain in adults ages 18-65 who come to the ED seeking care. Considering all ED visits, pain is the most common chief complaint. Giving intranasal ketorolac (Sprix) after stomach and dental surgeries has been shown to be safe and effective, but no studies have investigated the use of intranasal ketorolac (Sprix) for the treatment of acute pain in the ED.
Ketorolac (Sprix) has several advantages over other drugs commonly given for pain, including opioids. Ketorolac (Sprix) is non-addicting and has fewer side effects than opioids. The administration of ketorolac (Sprix) by other methods, such as IV, intramuscular shot, and oral pill form, has been shown to be safe and effective in treating acute pain.
This study is being done to find out if giving ketorolac (Sprix) as a single dose nasal spray will have the same benefit in decreasing patient's pain.
Detailed description
Adults between the ages of 18-65 were being seen in the emergency department of a single large tertiary care hospital with acute pain (moderate to severe 4-10 NRS scale). Those who met inclusion criteria were approached. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants. The study was approved by local Institutional Review Board (IRB). Demographics (age, gender, ethnicity) were recorded. Baseline pain scores on NRS were obtained prior to administration of the drug. Pain scores (NRS) after administration of the drug (intranasal ketorolac) were recorded. All adverse events/side effects were recorded. Data was obtained for the time the individual patient was in the emergency department being treated.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intranasal ketorolac (Sprix) | Experimental | Drug: intranasal ketorolacFDA approved drug used in single arm study |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patient is being seen in the emergency department (ED) in acute pain from an acute illness or injury (such as a kidney stone or an acute musculoskeletal injury)
- Age ≥ 18 years and < 65 years
- Stable patient with stable vital signs, including not in shock (systolic BP >90), not in respiratory failure, and not a multiple trauma patient
- Mentally competent patient is able to understand the consent form
- Baseline pain score is moderate to severe (e.g. on NRS ≥ 4 on a 0 to 10 NRS or ≥ 40 on a 0 to 100 NRS)
Key exclusion criteria (17 listed)
- Unstable patients
- Multiple trauma patients
- Patients with any allergies to ketorolac or any of the components in the nasal spray preparation
- Patients with active peptic ulcer disease
- Patients with a history of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDS
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| intranasal ketorolacAlso: Sprix15 mg | Drug | Intranasal ketorolac (Sprix) |
Primary outcome
Efficacy of Intranasal Ketorolac on Numeric Pain Scale
Time frame: up to 4 hours
Change in numeric rating scale after receiving intranasal ketorolac. 0 (no pain) - 10 (worst possible pain)
1 secondary outcome
Adverse Event/Side Effects
Time frame: Up to 4 hours
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Aug 2025.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 22711895Pfaffenrath V, Fenzl E, Bregman D, Farkkila M. Intranasal ketorolac tromethamine (SPRIX(R)) containing 6% of lidocaine (ROX-828) for acute treatment of migraine: safety and efficacy data from a phase II clinical trial. Cephalalgia. 2012 Jul;32(10):766-77. doi: 10.1177/0333102412451359. Epub 2012 Jun 18.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Sharon Mace, MD principal investigator
The Cleveland Clinic
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing intranasal ketorolac in people with Other Acute Pain, run by The Cleveland Clinic at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 17 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 12 Sep 2017). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Efficacy of Intranasal Ketorolac on Numeric Pain Scale (time frame: up to 4 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01471639, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Aug 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.