Patient ComplianceEarly Phase 1NCT01568515
Electronic Messaging to Increase Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Utilization and Adherence Among College Students
A Early Phase 1 study testing Electronic Message in people with Patient Compliance and Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, run by East Carolina University.
Trial summary
Introduction: Although vaccination against HPV and subsequent HPV-related cancers is a significant breakthrough, uptake is low. We sought to understand whether a low-cost intervention of electronic (text and/or email) appointment reminders coupled with electronic health educational messaging about HPV and the HPV… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 26 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Patient Compliance, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- What is being tested?
- Electronic Message
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines, Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 283 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Oct 2011to Aug 2014
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 26 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male \& Female Students enrolled at East Carolina University (ECU)
Who cannot join
- Non-English speaking students
- Students under the age of 18 or over 26
- Individuals not enrolled at ECU
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Longitudinal Intervention Study to Assess Whether Electronic Messaging Can Increase HPV Vaccine Utilization and Adherence Among College Students in Eastern North Carolina.
Introduction: Although vaccination against HPV and subsequent HPV-related cancers is a significant breakthrough, uptake is low. We sought to understand whether a low-cost intervention of electronic (text and/or email) appointment reminders coupled with electronic health educational messaging about HPV and the HPV vaccine could increase HPV vaccine uptake and knowledge among college students.
Methods: Study participants included both female and male English speaking students between the ages of 18-26 who attended a large university in North Carolina. Students were randomized to the intervention or control group. Intervention group participants received the electronic messaging while the control group received standard of care at the student health center across a 7-month study period. Baseline and follow-up survey data was collected. Main outcome measures were completion of HPV-2 and HPV-3 and HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge. Study recruitment ran from August 2011 to December 2013.
Read more
Results: Completion rates for the intervention and control group were similar for HPV-2 (53% vs. 52%) and HPV-3 (34% vs. 32%), respectively. The mean knowledge score at follow-up for intervention group participants (n=44, mean knowledge score = 93%, SD = 0.08) was significantly higher (p=0.01) than the mean knowledge score at baseline (n=44, mean knowledge score = 87%, SD = 0.11). No significant changes in knowledge from baseline to follow-up were found for control group participants. The single most important predictor of HPV vaccine uptake overall was female gender where female participants were 2.35 times [confidence interval (CI) 1.17-4.69] as likely to complete the series as compared to male participants.
Conclusion: In this sample of college students, the electronic messaging intervention increased knowledge but not uptake. More randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of HPV vaccine electronic reminder interventions for catch-up age populations for both females and males are needed.
Read the detailed description
Oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can cause cervical cancer, with HPV types 16 and 18 causing roughly 70% of cervical cancers worldwide.1 Persistent HPV infection has also been linked to vaginal and vulvar cancer in women, penile cancer in men, as well as oral pharyngeal cancer, anal cancer, and genital warts in both sexes.2-4 There are two safe and effective vaccines which protect against HPV types 16 and 18 and one of the two vaccines (HPV4) also protects against two additional HPV types that account for 90% of the cases of genital warts.5 Because HPV vaccination provides maximum protection if administered prior to sexual debut, HPV4 guidelines recommend administration to males and females ages 11 and 12, with catch-up vaccination up to age 26, for the prevention of cervical and anal cancers as well as for the prevention of genital warts.1,5-8 Although vaccination against HPV-related cancers is a significant breakthrough, uptake is low. The National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-teen) estimated that in 2013, HPV vaccination coverage for 13-17 year-old females was 37.6%, while for males in the same age group coverage was 13.9%. Additionally, coverage for 13-17 year-old females dropped slightly between 2011 and 2012.9 Although vaccination coverage for teens has been increasing over time overall, these rates are far from meeting the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80% of 13-15 year old females being fully vaccinated against HPV by 2020. In addition to teens, it has been shown that there is a benefit to providing HPV vaccines to young adults, even those who have already been sexually active. However, an NIS-adult study showed that only 10-12% of 18-26 year-old women are completing the HPV vaccine series.10 Additionally, studies have found significantly lower completion rates among African Americans.9,11-12 This is problematic given that African American women demonstrate a mortality rate from cervical cancer that is twice that of Caucasian women.13 It has also been suggested that lack of knowledge may be a barrier to vaccine adherence14 and that educational interventions may increase adherence among 18-26 year-old women.12 Given the importance of immunizing young adults for the prevention of cancer and given the low uptake of HPV vaccines in this group, it is important to develop and evaluate strategies to increase use and adherence among this population. We sought to understand whether a low-cost intervention of electronic (text and/or email) appointment reminders coupled with electronic health educational messaging about HPV and the HPV vaccine could increase HPV vaccine utilization, adherence, and knowledge among college students (both female and male) attending a large university in eastern North Carolina. Although we only found one peer-reviewed study that assessed text and email electronic HPV reminders primarily among adolescents, we found a few other studies that assessed mail and telephone HPV vaccination reminders among adolescents. All of these studies found vaccination reminders to be effective in increasing adherence among adolescents and/or young adults.15-17 Hard copy and electronic messaging reminders have also proven to be effective when coupled with other prevention strategies such as immunizations for influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia as well as screening for colon, breast, and cervical cancer in adults.18 We found no literature that tested electronic HPV vaccine interventions among a college population.
Our primary hypothesis was that students who receive the intervention would be more compliant in their uptake of the second (HPV-2) and third (HPV-3) doses of the vaccine as compared to the control group. Secondarily, we further hypothesized that students that receive the intervention will demonstrate higher knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine as compared to the control group and that African American students and younger students (defined as 18-19 years of age) would be less compliant as compared to Caucasian and older students (defined as students 20 and older), as demonstrated in the literature. Lastly, we sought to describe satisfaction of health messages and reminders among those that received it.
- Being tested
- Electronic Message
- Keywords
- HPV vaccine, Vaccine adherence, Vaccine utilization, Electronic Messaging
- Medical subject headings
- Patient Compliance, Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Electronic MessageProcedure or surgery
Students enrolled in the intervention group received 7 electronic contacts over a 7-month period. Specifically, participants received 4 electronic education messages, 2 electronic reminder/education messages, as well as 1 baseline and 1 final assessment contacts. Up to 4 reminder contacts were used if surveys were not completed for both intervention and control group participants. Control group participants will receive 2 contacts throughout the study, 1 at baseline and 1 at their final assessment. Up to 4 reminder contacts were used if surveys were not completed. Intervention \& control groups were compared longitudinally for 7 months on the differences in HPV vaccine utilization and adherence, knowledge and attitudes about HPV, and the HPV vaccine (parallel design).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Electronic Messages | Experimental | Intervention group participants received electronic (text and/or email) reminder messages coupled with health educational messages about HPV and HPV vaccine across 7 months Receives: Procedure: Electronic Message |
| Standard of Care | No intervention | Control group participants received standard of care at the student health center which included a card with their next appointment written on it. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Increase in HPV vaccine uptake among intervention group participants.
To determine if electronic reminders coupled with electronic educational messaging can increase HPV vaccine use and adherence among college students in eastern North Carolina.
Measured: One year
Secondary outcomes (2)
Increase knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine among intervention group participants
To measure whether electronic health educational messaging increases HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge among college students in eastern North Carolina.
Measured: One year
Compliance rates among Race/ethnicity and other socio-demographic characteristics.
We hypothesize that African American students and younger students (defined as 18-19 years of age) will be less compliant as compared to Caucasian and older students (defined as students 20 and older) as demonstrated in the literature. Items measuring race/ethnicity and socio-demographic variables will be included on baseline and follow-up surveys. We will assess whether these variables predict vaccine adherence among study participants.
Measured: One year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Apr 2012 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2011
- Primary completionAug 2014
- Study completionAug 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Patient ComplianceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider
- Enrolment
- 283 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- East Carolina University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dr. Alice Richman, East Carolina University
- Investigators
- Alice R Richman, PhD, Principal investigator, East Carolina University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01568515
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- MISP-39631
- Status last verified
- Oct 2014
- First submitted
- 22 Mar 2012
- Last updated
- 4 Nov 2014
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Saslow D, Solomon D, Lawson HW, Killackey M, Kulasingam SL, Cain J, Garcia FA, Moriarty AT, Waxman AG, Wilbur DC, Wentzensen N, Downs LS Jr, Spitzer M, Moscicki AB, Franco EL, Stoler MH, Schiffman M, Castle PE, Myers ER; American Cancer Society; American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology; American Society for Clinical Pathology. American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. Am J Clin Pathol. 2012 Apr;137(4):516-42. doi: 10.1309/AJCPTGD94EVRSJCG.
PubMed 22431528Hoots BE, Palefsky JM, Pimenta JM, Smith JS. Human papillomavirus type distribution in anal cancer and anal intraepithelial lesions. Int J Cancer. 2009 May 15;124(10):2375-83. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24215.
PubMed 19189402Kreimer AR, Clifford GM, Boyle P, Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Feb;14(2):467-75. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0551.
PubMed 15734974Gillison ML, Chaturvedi AK, Lowy DR. HPV prophylactic vaccines and the potential prevention of noncervical cancers in both men and women. Cancer. 2008 Nov 15;113(10 Suppl):3036-46. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23764.
PubMed 18980286Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). FDA licensure of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV2, Cervarix) for use in females and updated HPV vaccination recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 May 28;59(20):626-9.
PubMed 20508593Jain N, Euler GL, Shefer A, Lu P, Yankey D, Markowitz L. Human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and vaccination initiation among women in the United States, National Immunization Survey-Adult 2007. Prev Med. 2009 May;48(5):426-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.11.010. Epub 2008 Dec 6.
PubMed 19100762Elam-Evans LD, Yankey D, Jeyarajah J, Singleton JA, Curtis RC, MacNeil J, Hariri S; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National, regional, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years--United States, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jul 25;63(29):625-33.
PubMed 25055186Widdice LE, Bernstein DI, Leonard AC, Marsolo KA, Kahn JA. Adherence to the HPV vaccine dosing intervals and factors associated with completion of 3 doses. Pediatrics. 2011 Jan;127(1):77-84. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-0812. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
PubMed 21149425Kester LM, Shedd-Steele RB, Dotson-Roberts CA, Smith J, Zimet GD. The effects of a brief educational intervention on human papillomavirus knowledge and intention to initiate HPV vaccination in 18-26 year old young adults. Gynecol Oncol. 2014 Mar;132 Suppl 1:S9-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.12.033. Epub 2013 Dec 31.
PubMed 24384459American Cancer Society (ACS). Cancer Facts & Figures 2014.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Nov 2014. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Longitudinal Intervention Study to Assess Whether Electronic Messaging Can Increase HPV Vaccine Utilization and Adherence Among College Students in Eastern North Carolina.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01568515
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MISP-39631
- Keywords
- HPV vaccine, Vaccine adherence, Vaccine utilization, Electronic Messaging
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 283 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- East Carolina UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
- Study start
- Oct 2011
- Primary completion
- Aug 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Aug 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Apr 2012 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Introduction: Although vaccination against HPV and subsequent HPV-related cancers is a significant breakthrough, uptake is low. We sought to understand whether a low-cost intervention of electronic (text and/or email) appointment reminders coupled with electronic health educational messaging about HPV and the HPV vaccine could increase HPV vaccine uptake and knowledge among college students.
Methods: Study participants included both female and male English speaking students between the ages of 18-26 who attended a large university in North Carolina. Students were randomized to the intervention or control group. Intervention group participants received the electronic messaging while the control group received standard of care at the student health center across a 7-month study period. Baseline and follow-up survey data was collected. Main outcome measures were completion of HPV-2 and HPV-3 and HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge. Study recruitment ran from August 2011 to December 2013.
Results: Completion rates for the intervention and control group were similar for HPV-2 (53% vs. 52%) and HPV-3 (34% vs. 32%), respectively. The mean knowledge score at follow-up for intervention group participants (n=44, mean knowledge score = 93%, SD = 0.08) was significantly higher (p=0.01) than the mean knowledge score at baseline (n=44, mean knowledge score = 87%, SD = 0.11). No significant changes in knowledge from baseline to follow-up were found for control group participants. The single most important predictor of HPV vaccine uptake overall was female gender where female participants were 2.35 times [confidence interval (CI) 1.17-4.69] as likely to complete the series as compared to male participants.
Conclusion: In this sample of college students, the electronic messaging intervention increased knowledge but not uptake. More randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of HPV vaccine electronic reminder interventions for catch-up age populations for both females and males are needed.
Detailed description
Oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can cause cervical cancer, with HPV types 16 and 18 causing roughly 70% of cervical cancers worldwide.1 Persistent HPV infection has also been linked to vaginal and vulvar cancer in women, penile cancer in men, as well as oral pharyngeal cancer, anal cancer, and genital warts in both sexes.2-4 There are two safe and effective vaccines which protect against HPV types 16 and 18 and one of the two vaccines (HPV4) also protects against two additional HPV types that account for 90% of the cases of genital warts.5 Because HPV vaccination provides maximum protection if administered prior to sexual debut, HPV4 guidelines recommend administration to males and females ages 11 and 12, with catch-up vaccination up to age 26, for the prevention of cervical and anal cancers as well as for the prevention of genital warts.1,5-8 Although vaccination against HPV-related cancers is a significant breakthrough, uptake is low. The National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-teen) estimated that in 2013, HPV vaccination coverage for 13-17 year-old females was 37.6%, while for males in the same age group coverage was 13.9%. Additionally, coverage for 13-17 year-old females dropped slightly between 2011 and 2012.9 Although vaccination coverage for teens has been increasing over time overall, these rates are far from meeting the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80% of 13-15 year old females being fully vaccinated against HPV by 2020. In addition to teens, it has been shown that there is a benefit to providing HPV vaccines to young adults, even those who have already been sexually active. However, an NIS-adult study showed that only 10-12% of 18-26 year-old women are completing the HPV vaccine series.10 Additionally, studies have found significantly lower completion rates among African Americans.9,11-12 This is problematic given that African American women demonstrate a mortality rate from cervical cancer that is twice that of Caucasian women.13 It has also been suggested that lack of knowledge may be a barrier to vaccine adherence14 and that educational interventions may increase adherence among 18-26 year-old women.12 Given the importance of immunizing young adults for the prevention of cancer and given the low uptake of HPV vaccines in this group, it is important to develop and evaluate strategies to increase use and adherence among this population. We sought to understand whether a low-cost intervention of electronic (text and/or email) appointment reminders coupled with electronic health educational messaging about HPV and the HPV vaccine could increase HPV vaccine utilization, adherence, and knowledge among college students (both female and male) attending a large university in eastern North Carolina. Although we only found one peer-reviewed study that assessed text and email electronic HPV reminders primarily among adolescents, we found a few other studies that assessed mail and telephone HPV vaccination reminders among adolescents. All of these studies found vaccination reminders to be effective in increasing adherence among adolescents and/or young adults.15-17 Hard copy and electronic messaging reminders have also proven to be effective when coupled with other prevention strategies such as immunizations for influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia as well as screening for colon, breast, and cervical cancer in adults.18 We found no literature that tested electronic HPV vaccine interventions among a college population.
Our primary hypothesis was that students who receive the intervention would be more compliant in their uptake of the second (HPV-2) and third (HPV-3) doses of the vaccine as compared to the control group. Secondarily, we further hypothesized that students that receive the intervention will demonstrate higher knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine as compared to the control group and that African American students and younger students (defined as 18-19 years of age) would be less compliant as compared to Caucasian and older students (defined as students 20 and older), as demonstrated in the literature. Lastly, we sought to describe satisfaction of health messages and reminders among those that received it.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, care provider)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Electronic Messages | Experimental | Procedure: Electronic MessageIntervention group participants received electronic (text and/or email) reminder messages coupled with health educational messages about HPV and HPV vaccine across 7 months |
| Standard of Care | No intervention | –Control group participants received standard of care at the student health center which included a card with their next appointment written on it. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 26 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Male \& Female Students enrolled at East Carolina University (ECU)
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Non-English speaking students
- Students under the age of 18 or over 26
- Individuals not enrolled at ECU
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Electronic MessageStudents enrolled in the intervention group received 7 electronic contacts over a 7-month period. Specifically, participants received 4 electronic education messages, 2 electronic reminder/education messages, as well as 1 baseline and 1 final assessment contacts. Up to 4 reminder contacts were used if surveys were not completed for both intervention and control group participants. Control group participants will receive 2 contacts throughout the study, 1 at baseline and 1 at their final assessment. Up to 4 reminder contacts were used if surveys were not completed. Intervention \& control groups were compared longitudinally for 7 months on the differences in HPV vaccine utilization and adherence, knowledge and attitudes about HPV, and the HPV vaccine (parallel design). | Procedure or surgery | Electronic Messages |
Primary outcome
Increase in HPV vaccine uptake among intervention group participants.
Time frame: One year
To determine if electronic reminders coupled with electronic educational messaging can increase HPV vaccine use and adherence among college students in eastern North Carolina.
2 secondary outcomes
Increase knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine among intervention group participants
Time frame: One year
Compliance rates among Race/ethnicity and other socio-demographic characteristics.
Time frame: One year
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Nov 2014.
- Background: PubMed 22431528Saslow D, Solomon D, Lawson HW, Killackey M, Kulasingam SL, Cain J, Garcia FA, Moriarty AT, Waxman AG, Wilbur DC, Wentzensen N, Downs LS Jr, Spitzer M, Moscicki AB, Franco EL, Stoler MH, Schiffman M, Castle PE, Myers ER; American Cancer Society; American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology; American Society for Clinical Pathology. American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. Am J Clin Pathol. 2012 Apr;137(4):516-42. doi: 10.1309/AJCPTGD94EVRSJCG.
- Background: PubMed 19189402Hoots BE, Palefsky JM, Pimenta JM, Smith JS. Human papillomavirus type distribution in anal cancer and anal intraepithelial lesions. Int J Cancer. 2009 May 15;124(10):2375-83. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24215.
- Background: PubMed 15734974Kreimer AR, Clifford GM, Boyle P, Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Feb;14(2):467-75. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0551.
- Background: PubMed 18980286Gillison ML, Chaturvedi AK, Lowy DR. HPV prophylactic vaccines and the potential prevention of noncervical cancers in both men and women. Cancer. 2008 Nov 15;113(10 Suppl):3036-46. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23764.
- Background: PubMed 20508593Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). FDA licensure of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV2, Cervarix) for use in females and updated HPV vaccination recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 May 28;59(20):626-9.
- Background: PubMed 19100762Jain N, Euler GL, Shefer A, Lu P, Yankey D, Markowitz L. Human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and vaccination initiation among women in the United States, National Immunization Survey-Adult 2007. Prev Med. 2009 May;48(5):426-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.11.010. Epub 2008 Dec 6.
- Background: PubMed 25055186Elam-Evans LD, Yankey D, Jeyarajah J, Singleton JA, Curtis RC, MacNeil J, Hariri S; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National, regional, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years--United States, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jul 25;63(29):625-33.
- Background: PubMed 21149425Widdice LE, Bernstein DI, Leonard AC, Marsolo KA, Kahn JA. Adherence to the HPV vaccine dosing intervals and factors associated with completion of 3 doses. Pediatrics. 2011 Jan;127(1):77-84. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-0812. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
- Background: PubMed 24384459Kester LM, Shedd-Steele RB, Dotson-Roberts CA, Smith J, Zimet GD. The effects of a brief educational intervention on human papillomavirus knowledge and intention to initiate HPV vaccination in 18-26 year old young adults. Gynecol Oncol. 2014 Mar;132 Suppl 1:S9-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.12.033. Epub 2013 Dec 31.
- BackgroundAmerican Cancer Society (ACS). Cancer Facts & Figures 2014.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Alice R Richman, PhD principal investigator
East Carolina University
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Early Phase 1 study testing Electronic Message in people with Patient Compliance and Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, run by East Carolina University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Nov 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Early Phase 1 (sometimes called Phase 0) studies give a very small amount of a treatment to a few people, mainly to see how the body handles it.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Increase in HPV vaccine uptake among intervention group participants. (time frame: One year). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01568515, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Nov 2014.