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AzTrials

Lung CancerPhase 2NCT01624090

Mithramycin for Lung, Esophagus, and Other Chest Cancers

A Phase 2 study testing Mithramycin in people with Lung Cancer and Esophageal Cancer, run by National Cancer Institute (NCI) at 1 site in United States.

Terminated

Stopped early. The study ended before it was planned to and will not resume.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

Background: Mithramycin is a drug that was first tested as a cancer therapy in the 1960s. It acted against some forms of cancer, but was never accepted as a treatment. Research suggests that it may be useful against some cancers of the chest, such as lung and esophageal cancer or mesothelioma. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Lung Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, Mesothelioma
What is being tested?
Mithramycin
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
16 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
6 Sep 2012to 27 Sep 2019
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Diagnosis: Patients with measurable inoperable, histologically confirmed primary lung and esophageal carcinomas, thymic neoplasms, germ cell tumors, malignant pleural mesotheliomas or chest wall sarcomas, as well as patients with gastric, colorectal or renal cancers and sarcomas metastatic to the thorax are eligible
  • Histologic confirmation of disease in the Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
  • Disease amenable to biopsy via percutaneous approach or other minimally invasive procedures such as thoracoscopy, bronchoscopy, laparoscopy, or gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy
  • Age >18
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status 0-2.
  • Patients must have had or refused first-line standard chemotherapy for their inoperable malignancies.
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  • Patients must have had no chemotherapy, biologic therapy, or radiation therapy for their malignancy for at least 30 days prior to treatment. Patients may have received localized radiation therapy to non-target lesions provided that the radiotherapy is completed 14 days prior to commencing therapy, and the patient has recovered from any toxicity. At least 3 half-lives must have elapsed since monoclonal antibody treatment. At least six weeks must have elapsed between mitomycin C or nitrosourea treatment.
  • Patients must have adequate organ and marrow function as defined below:
  • Hematologic and Coagulation Parameters:
  • Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 1500/mm^3
  • Platelets greater than or equal to 100,000/ mm^3 (transfusion independent)
  • Hemoglobin greater than or equal to 8 g/dL (peripheral red blood count (PRBC) transfusions permitted)
  • Prothrombin Time (PT)/Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) within normal limits (patient may be eligible for trial if abnormality is deemed clinically insignificant and cleared for protocol therapy by Hematology Consult Service)
  • Hepatic Function
  • Bilirubin (total) < 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)) less than or equal to 3.0 times ULN
  • Albumin > 2 g/dL
  • Renal Function
  • Creatinine within normal institutional limits or creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal.
  • Normal ionized calcium, magnesium and phosphorus (can be on oral supplementation)
  • Cardiac Function: Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) >40% by Echocardiogram, multi-gated acquisition scan (MUGA), or cardiac magnetic resonance (MR).
  • Ability of subject to understand, and be willing to sign informed consent.
  • Female and male patients (and when relevant their partners) must be willing to practice birth control (including abstinence) during and for two months after treatment, if of childbearing potential during sexual contact with a female of childbearing potential.
  • Patients must be willing to undergo 2 tumor biopsies

Who cannot join

  • Patients with adenosine 5-triphosphate binding cassette subfamily B member 4 (ABCB4), adenosine 5-triphosphate binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11), retinal-binding protein (RALBP) or cytochrome P851 (CYP851) genotypes associated with mithramycin-mediated hepatotoxicity.
  • Clinically significant systemic illness (e.g. serious active infections or significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic or other organ dysfunction), that in the judgment of the Principal Investigator (PI) would compromise the patients ability to tolerate protocol therapy or significantly increase the risk of complications
  • Patients with cerebral metastases
  • Patients with any of the following pulmonary function abnormalities will be excluded: forced expiratory volume (FEV), < 30% predicted; diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), < 30% predicted (post-bronchodilator); Oxygen saturation greater than 92% on room air. Arterial Blood Gas will be drawn if clinically indicated.
  • Patients with evidence of active bleeding, intratumoral hemorrhage or history of bleeding diatheses, unless specifically occurring as an isolated incident during reversible chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia
  • Patients on therapeutic anticoagulation. Note: prophylactic anticoagulation (i.e. intraluminal heparin) for venous or arterial access devices is allowed
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  • Patients who are concurrently receiving or requiring any of the following agents, which may increase the risk for mithramycin related toxicities, such as hemorrhage:
  • Thrombolytic agents
  • Aspirin or salicylate-containing products, which may increase risk of hemorrhage
  • Dextran
  • Dipyridamole
  • Sulfinpyrazone
  • Valproic acid
  • Clopidogrel
  • Lactating or pregnant females (due to risk to fetus or newborn, and lack of testing for excretion in breast milk)
  • Patients with history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) due to potentially increased risk of mithramycin toxicity in this population
  • Hypersensitivity to mithramycin
  • Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site

  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike

    Bethesda, Maryland, 20892

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Phase II Evaluation of Mithramycin, an Inhibitor of Cancer Stem Cell Signaling, in Patients With Malignancies Involving Lungs, Esophagus, Pleura, or Mediastinum

Background:

  • Mithramycin is a drug that was first tested as a cancer therapy in the 1960s. It acted against some forms of cancer, but was never accepted as a treatment. Research suggests that it may be useful against some cancers of the chest, such as lung and esophageal cancer or mesothelioma. Researchers want to see if mithramycin can be used to treat these types of cancer.
Read more

Objectives:

  • To see if mithramycin is safe and effective against different chest cancers.

Eligibility:

  • Individuals at least 18 years of age who have lung, esophagus, pleura, or mediastinum cancers.

Design:

  • Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. Blood and urine samples will be collected. Imaging studies and tumor tissue samples will be used to monitor the cancer before treatment.
  • Participants will receive mithramycin every day for 7 days, followed by 7 days without treatment. Each 14-day round of treatment is called a cycle.
  • Treatment will be monitored with frequent blood tests and imaging studies.
  • Participants will continue to take the drug for as long as the side effects are not severe and the tumor responds to treatment.
Read the detailed description

Background:

Increasing evidence indicates that activation of stem cell gene expression is a common mechanism by which environmental carcinogens mediate initiation and progression of thoracic malignancies. Similar mechanisms appear to contribute to extra-thoracic malignancies that metastasize to the chest. Utilization of pharmacologic agents, which target gene regulatory networks mediating stemness may be novel strategies for treatment of these neoplasms. Recent studies performed in the Thoracic Epigenetics Laboratory, Thoracic and Oncology Surgery Branch (TOSB)/National Cancer Institute (NCI), demonstrate that under exposure conditions potentially achievable in clinical settings, mithramycin diminishes stem cell gene expression and markedly inhibits growth of lung and esophageal cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells in vitro and in vivo. These finding add to other recent preclinical studies demonstrating impressive anti-tumor activity of mithramycin in epithelial malignancies and sarcomas that frequently metastasize to the thorax.

Primary Objective:

-To assess clinical response rates of mithramycin administered as 6 hour intravenous infusions in patients with malignancies involving lungs, esophagus, pleura, or mediastinum.

Eligibility:

  • Patients with measurable inoperable, histologically confirmed primary lung and esophageal carcinomas, thymic neoplasms, germ cell tumors, malignant pleural mesotheliomas or chest wall sarcomas, as well as patients with gastric, colorectal or renal cancers and sarcomas metastatic to the thorax are eligible.
  • Patients with germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adenosine 5-triphosphate binding cassette subfamily B member 4 (ABCB4), adenosine 5-triphosphate binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11), retinal-binding protein (RALBP) or cytochrome P851 (CYP851) that are associated with resistance to mithramycin-induced hepatotoxicity.
  • Patients must have had or refused first-line standard therapy for their malignancies.
  • Patients must be 18 years or older with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2, without evidence of unstable or decompensated myocardial disease. Patients must have adequate pulmonary reserve evidenced by forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) equal to or greater than 30% predicted; oxygen saturation greater than or equal to 92% on room air. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) will be drawn if clinically indicated.
  • Patients must have a platelet count greater than 100,000, an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) equal to or greater than 1500 without transfusion or cytokine support, a normal prothrombin time (PT)/partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and adequate hepatic function as evidenced by a total bilirubin of <1.5 times upper limits of normal (ULN) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) less than or equal to 3 x ULN. Serum creatinine less than 3 or equal to 1.6 mg/ml, or creatinine clearance greater than 70 ml/min/1.73m^2.

Design:

  • Simon Optimal Two Stage Design for Phase II Clinical Trials targeting an objective response rate (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)) of 30%.
  • Patients will be stratified based on location of primary disease (thoracic vs. extra-thoracic).
  • Patients will receive 6 hour infusions of mithramycin at 30 -50 mcg/kg every day for 7 days, every 21 days (1 cycle). Three cycles will constitute one course of therapy. Those patients tolerating 30 mcg/kg infusions during the first cycle will receive subsequent cycles of mithramycin at a dose of 50 mcg/kg using the same infusion schedule.
  • Following each course of therapy, patients will undergo restaging studies. Patients exhibiting objective response to therapy or stable disease by RECIST criteria will be offered an additional course of therapy.
  • Patients exhibiting disease progression will be removed from study.
  • Biopsies of index lesions will be obtained at baseline and on day 8 of the second cycle of therapy for analysis of molecular end-points.
  • Pharmacokinetics will be assessed during cycle 1 and cycle 2 of the first course of therapy.
Being tested
Mithramycin
Keywords
Cancer Stem Cell, Thoracic Malignancies, Mithramycin Treatment, Lung Tumors, Metastatic Lung Tumors
Medical subject headings
Lung Neoplasms, Esophageal Neoplasms, Mesothelioma, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • MithramycinDrug

    Also called Mithracin

    30 mcg/kg intravenous (IV) over 6 hours once daily for 7 days, to be repeated every 21 days (one cycle) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity

Study groups in NCT01624090
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
1/mithramycinExperimentalSingle agent intravenous (IV) mithramycin
Receives: Drug: Mithramycin

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Number of Participants With an Objective Response (Complete Response + Partial Response)

    Objective response was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Complete Response (CR) is disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10mm. Partial Response (PR) is at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. Progressive Disease (PD) is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesion, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5mm. (Note: the appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progressions). Stable Disease (SD) is neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study.

    Measured: Every 8 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, over an average of 4 months.

Secondary outcomes (1)

  1. Number of Participants With Serious and Non-Serious Adverse Events

    Here is the count of participants with serious and non-serious adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life-threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned.

    Measured: Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approx. 9 mos & 6 days DL1 30 mcg/kg thoracic group, 2 mos & 16 days DL1 30 mcg/kg extra-thoracic group, 5 mos & 26 days DL-1 25 mcg/kg thoracic group, & 20 days DL-1 25 mcg/kg extra-thoracic group

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted20 Jun 2012 (estimated)
  2. Study start6 Sep 2012
  3. Primary completion20 Aug 2019
  4. Study completion27 Sep 2019

Why it stopped: Study closed due to low accrual.

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
16 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT01624090
Sponsor's protocol ID
120151
Other IDs
12-C-0151
Status last verified
Dec 2019
First submitted
16 Jun 2012
Last updated
30 Dec 2019
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No

Publications

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses--United States, 2000-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Nov 14;57(45):1226-8.

    PubMed 19008791

  • Zhai R, Chen F, Liu G, Su L, Kulke MH, Asomaning K, Lin X, Heist RS, Nishioka NS, Sheu CC, Wain JC, Christiani DC. Interactions among genetic variants in apoptosis pathway genes, reflux symptoms, body mass index, and smoking indicate two distinct etiologic patterns of esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2010 May 10;28(14):2445-51. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.26.2790. Epub 2010 Apr 12.

    PubMed 20385987

  • Wright CD, Kucharczuk JC, O'Brien SM, Grab JD, Allen MS; Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database. Predictors of major morbidity and mortality after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database risk adjustment model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009 Mar;137(3):587-95; discussion 596. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.11.042.

    PubMed 19258071

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Mithramycin in people with Lung Cancer and Esophageal Cancer, run by National Cancer Institute (NCI) at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 24 inclusion and 18 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Dec 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 30 Dec 2019). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Number of Participants With an Objective Response (Complete Response + Partial Response) (time frame: Every 8 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, over an average of 4 months.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01624090, which also lists 3 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Dec 2019.

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