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Gastric CancerPhase 2/3TMGSNCT01655641

Study of Tranexamic Acid for Reducing Blood Requirement in Patients Undergoing Major Gastro-intestinal Surgery

A Phase 2/3 study testing Tranexamic acid in people with Gastric Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer, run by Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute Of Medicine. at 1 site in Nepal.

Unknown status

Status not confirmed. The sponsor has not verified this record for over two years, so it may be out of date.

Official record
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Trial summary

Primary objective of the study is to compare requirement of blood transfusion and mortality in patients receiving Tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron®) and those not receiving it. Secondary objective is to; assess the re-bleeding events; need for surgical intervention; length of stay in Intensive care unit in between the two… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 16 years and older
What is being tested?
Tranexamic acid
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
118 participants
Where
1 siteNepal
Study dates
Jul 2012to Jul 2014
Phase
Phase 2/3
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 16 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • All patients undergoing major GI surgery that includes resection of:
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Colon

Who cannot join

  • Pre op HB less than 10mg/dl
  • Pregnant or lactating women
  • On anticoagulation therapy
  • Patients with history of thromboembolism
  • Patients with history of myocardial infarction or ischemic cerebrovascular accident
  • Patient with end stage renal disease
Show all 12Show fewer
  • Patients with DNR status
  • Patients with known bleeding abnormalities
  • Emergency/unplanned surgeries
  • Patients with known allergy/contraindications to Tranexamic acid
  • Patients not capable of giving consent for medical reasons (psychiatric etc)\
  • Patients not giving consent or opting to withdraw from the study

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Nepal1 site

  • Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital

    Kathmandu, Kathmandy, 0977

Other trials in Nepal

About this study

Official title: Role of Tranexamic Acid for Reducing Blood Loss in Patients Undergoing Major Gastro-intestinal Surgery

Primary objective of the study is to compare requirement of blood transfusion and mortality in patients receiving Tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron®) and those not receiving it.

Secondary objective is to; assess the re-bleeding events; need for surgical intervention; length of stay in Intensive care unit in between the two groups.

Read the detailed description

Background:

Surgery is one of the major causes of blood loss. Though major blood loss is associated with cardiovascular procedures, liver transplantation etc, transfusions are frequently required in major gastrointestinal surgeries such as Whipples Procedure; Liver resections etc.1 Transfusion is associated with numerous risks such as mismatched transfusion, allergic reactions, transmission of infections, and acute lung injury etc.2 Though transfusion can be life saving, it is essential to rationalize transfusion whenever possible.

A number of agents have been tried in the past that stabilizes the coagulation system in the body minimizing blood loss; an ideal agent is yet to be found. Tranexamic acid, {trans-4-(aminomethyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid} is a competitive inhibitor of plasminogen activation, and at much higher concentrations, a noncompetitive inhibitor of plasmin.3 Tranexamic acid was first approved by the FDA in 1986 as an injection, under the brand name Cyklokapron®. This agent has been in use for last 40 years in many traumatic conditions with various successes with waxing and waning of its use. There has been a resurgence of interest in its use lately as more is known of this molecule. Tranexamic acid has been found to be very effective in orthopedic surgeries.4,5,6 A Cochrane review on 'antifibrinolytic use for minimizing perioperative blood transfusion' involving 21 trails of tranexamic acid vs. control in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery showed significant reduction in blood transfusion and perioperative blood loss.7 Randomized trial of tranexamic acid done on cardiac surgery patients as early as 1996 had shown significant reduction of red-cell transfusion and other blood products.8 CRASH 2 Trial (Clinical Randomization of an Antifibrinolytic in Significant Haemorrhage) is a large placebo-controlled trial studying the effects of early administration of a short course of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events and blood transfusion in adult trauma patients with significant hemorrhage. It involved 274 hospitals across 40 countries and started in 2005 and concluded that tranexamic acid could safely reduce the risk of death in bleeding trauma patients.9 Intraoperative use of low dose tranexamic acid has been observed to be safe and effective in reducing the rate of perioperative blood transfusions in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy.10 It has also been approved by FDA for use in menorrhagia.

Though it is being used in gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal trauma, it is not routinely used in major gastrointestinal surgeries. In this context, this study is undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid in major gastrointestinal surgeries.

Investigators hypothesize that addition of Tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, to conventional therapy will lead to an improved outcome characterized by lower transfusion requirements.

Detailed Description:

After informed consent is obtained patients will be randomized to receive either Tranexamic acid along with the conventional therapy or conventional therapy only. All patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery (involving resection of stomach, pancreas, esophagus, colon, liver) will be included for the surgery and this will be decided by the surgeon prior to the surgery. Randomization will be done prior to surgery by the closed envelope method. Tranexamic acid will be administered in a loading dose of 1 gm intravenously over 10 minutes, 30minutes before surgery followed by 10mg / kg body weight, 8 hourly for 5 days. Post operative blood requirements and the fluids in the drain will be monitored along with the HB/PCV level every day for 7 days or until the drains are removed.

Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent that has been shown to be associated with reduced bleeding and transfusion requirement in surgical patients. We would like to randomize patients to receive either Tranexamic acid in addition to conventional therapy or the conventional therapy only and monitor outcome. Intraoperative blood requirements are usually governed by the intraoperative blood loss hence, only post operative blood transfusions will be taken as the 'Post operative blood requirements' for these patients. Post operative complications will be assessed according to the Clavien-Dindo Classification system for surgical complications.11,12,13 Patients will be monitored until discharge and after 30 days to assess for any complication. Duration of ICU stay, duration of admission and Mortality will be monitored for both groups of patients.

Requirement for Transfusion will be assessed by the operating surgeon. Patients will be monitored post operatively with the hemoglobin and PCV level and the drain fluid amount and nature. Transfusion will be given for ongoing blood loss at the discretion of the operating surgeon or when hemoglobin level is <8milligram per deciliter hemoglobin or hematocrit value of less than 24 percent in healthy individual or < 10mg/dl in high risk patients.14 Transfusion of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) will be done as required.

This study should provide us with information about the efficacy of this medicine in patients undergoing major GI surgery. Data from this trial will provide us information about utility of pursuing this modality of therapy.

Being tested
Tranexamic acid, Standard of care
Keywords
Blood transfusion, Bleeding, Major Gastro-intestinal surgery, Tranexamic Acid
Medical subject headings
Stomach Neoplasms, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Liver Neoplasms, Colonic Neoplasms, Hemorrhage

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Tranexamic acidDrug

    Also called Cyklokapron®

    Drug: Tranexamic acid

    1gm stat, preoperatively (30 mins) 10mg / kg body weight, 8 hourly for 5 days via IV For non-renal impaired subjects.

    Alternate IV dosing for renally-impaired subjects: 10mg/Kg BID (1.36 - 2.83 mg/dl clearance); 10mg/Kg QD (2.84 - 5.66 mg/dl clearance; and 10mg/Kg Q48H or 5mg/Kg (.5.66mg/dl clearance)

  • Standard of careOther

    Includes routine surgical care involved in preventing blood loss during and after surgery.

Study groups in NCT01655641
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Tranexamic acid armExperimentalAlong with the standard of care (routine surgical care involved in preventing blood loss during surgery) this arm will receive drug Tranexamic acid 1gm stat, preoperatively (30 mins) 10mg / kg body weight, 8 hourly for 5 days via IV for non-renal impaired subjects. Alternate IV dosing for renally-impaired subjects: 10mg/Kg BID (1.36 - 2.83 mg/dl clearance); 10mg/Kg QD (2.84 - 5.66 mg/dl clearance; and 10mg/Kg Q48H or 5mg/Kg (.5.66mg/dl clearance)
Receives: Drug: Tranexamic acid
Standard of care armActive comparatorIncludes routine surgical care involved in preventing blood loss during and after surgery.
Receives: Other: Standard of care

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Primary objective of the study is to compare transfusion requirements and Mortality in patients receiving Tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron®) and those not receiving it.

    Measured: 30 days

Secondary outcomes (3)

  1. Secondary outcome measure

    Re-bleeding events

    Measured: 30days

  2. Secondary Outcome measure

    Need for surgical intervention

    Measured: 30 days

  3. Secondary outcome measure

    Length of stay in ICU

    Measured: 30 days

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted2 Aug 2012 (estimated)
  2. Study startJul 2012
  3. Primary completionJun 2013 (estimated)
  4. Study completionJul 2014 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2/3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Triple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
118 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT01655641
Sponsor's protocol ID
# WS2017115
Acronym
TMGS
Status last verified
Oct 2012
First submitted
23 Jul 2012
Last updated
16 Oct 2012
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • Mannucci PM, Levi M. Prevention and treatment of major blood loss. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 31;356(22):2301-11. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra067742. No abstract available.

    PubMed 17538089

  • Blajchman MA, Vamvakas EC. The continuing risk of transfusion-transmitted infections. N Engl J Med. 2006 Sep 28;355(13):1303-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp068178. No abstract available.

    PubMed 17005947

  • Dunn CJ, Goa KL. Tranexamic acid: a review of its use in surgery and other indications. Drugs. 1999 Jun;57(6):1005-32. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199957060-00017.

    PubMed 10400410

  • Colomina MJ, Bago J, Fuentes I. Efficacy and safety of prophylactic large dose of tranexamic acid in spine surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Spine 2008; 33: 2577-80. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Jul 15;34(16):1740-1; author reply 141. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a9ce1f. No abstract available.

    PubMed 19770617

  • Elwatidy S, Jamjoom Z, Elgamal E, Zakaria A, Turkistani A, El-Dawlatly A. Efficacy and safety of prophylactic large dose of tranexamic acid in spine surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Nov 15;33(24):2577-80. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318188b9c5.

    PubMed 19011538

  • Urban MK, Beckman J, Gordon M, Urquhart B, Boachie-Adjei O. The efficacy of antifibrinolytics in the reduction of blood loss during complex adult reconstructive spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 May 15;26(10):1152-6. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200105150-00012.

    PubMed 11413430

  • Henry DA, Carless PA, Moxey AJ, O'Connell D, Stokes BJ, McClelland B, Laupacis A, Fergusson D. Anti-fibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD001886. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001886.pub2.

    PubMed 17943760

  • Katsaros D, Petricevic M, Snow NJ, Woodhall DD, Van Bergen R. Tranexamic acid reduces postbypass blood use: a double-blinded, prospective, randomized study of 210 patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996 Apr;61(4):1131-5. doi: 10.1016/0003-4975(96)00022-7.

    PubMed 8607670

  • CRASH-2 trial collaborators; Shakur H, Roberts I, Bautista R, Caballero J, Coats T, Dewan Y, El-Sayed H, Gogichaishvili T, Gupta S, Herrera J, Hunt B, Iribhogbe P, Izurieta M, Khamis H, Komolafe E, Marrero MA, Mejia-Mantilla J, Miranda J, Morales C, Olaomi O, Olldashi F, Perel P, Peto R, Ramana PV, Ravi RR, Yutthakasemsunt S. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010 Jul 3;376(9734):23-32. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60835-5. Epub 2010 Jun 14.

    PubMed 20554319

  • Crescenti A, Borghi G, Bignami E, Bertarelli G, Landoni G, Casiraghi GM, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Rigatti P, Zangrillo A. Intraoperative use of tranexamic acid to reduce transfusion rate in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy: double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 2011 Oct 19;343:d5701. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d5701.

    PubMed 22012809

  • Clavien PA, Sanabria JR, Strasberg SM. Proposed classification of complications of surgery with examples of utility in cholecystectomy. Surgery. 1992 May;111(5):518-26.

    PubMed 1598671

  • Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004 Aug;240(2):205-13. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae.

    PubMed 15273542

  • Clavien PA, Barkun J, de Oliveira ML, Vauthey JN, Dindo D, Schulick RD, de Santibanes E, Pekolj J, Slankamenac K, Bassi C, Graf R, Vonlanthen R, Padbury R, Cameron JL, Makuuchi M. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg. 2009 Aug;250(2):187-96. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181b13ca2.

    PubMed 19638912

  • American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Adjuvant Therapies. Practice guidelines for perioperative blood transfusion and adjuvant therapies: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Adjuvant Therapies. Anesthesiology. 2006 Jul;105(1):198-208. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200607000-00030. No abstract available.

    PubMed 16810012

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2/3 study testing Tranexamic acid in people with Gastric Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer, run by Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute Of Medicine. at 1 site in Nepal.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Oct 2012. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Nepal. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this combined phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Results are not available in the source record.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Primary objective of the study is to compare transfusion requirements and Mortality in patients receiving Tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron®) and those not receiving it. (time frame: 30 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01655641, which also lists 14 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Oct 2012.

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