TransplantationPhase 2PRIMAVERANCT01687192
Multicenter Trial Evaluating the Immunogenicity of HPV Vaccination in Girls on Immunosuppressive Therapy.
A Phase 2 study testing HPV prophylactic vaccine Gardasil in people with Transplantation and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, run by University Hospital, Bordeaux at 9 sites in France.
Trial summary
PRIMAVERA is a Phase IIa clinical trial, with the objective to assess the immunologic response to HPV vaccine in a population of immunocompromised girls. The principal hypothesis is that the immunologic response to tetravalent vaccine in girls who received immunosuppressive treatment is comparable to the immunologic… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 9 to 18 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Transplantation, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Immune Disease
- What is being tested?
- HPV prophylactic vaccine Gardasil
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines, Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 37 participants
- Where
- 9 sitesFrance
- Study dates
- 11 Oct 2012to 20 Oct 2016
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 9 to 18 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Female gender
- Age ≥ 9 years and < 18 years
- Weight ≥ 25 kg
- Solid organ transplantation: kidney, liver, heart, lung, intestinal or combined transplant; or systemic lupus erythematosus or other systemic immune disease
- Transplantation or diagnosis of lupus or diagnosis of systemic immune disease since more than 6 months
- Immunosuppressant treatment by anti-metabolites or calcineurin inhibitors, with or without associated corticosteroids
Show all 9Show fewer
- Minimum required period of 3 months considered as stable after transplantation or without relapse of lupus according to physician evaluation
- In case of sexual activity (assessed by auto-declaration): onset less than one year before inclusion
- Written informed consent signed by the investigator and the legal representatives of the patient, and assent by the patient
Who cannot join
- Male gender
- Pregnancy
- Age < 9 years or ≥ 18 years
- Previous HPV vaccination
- Immunosuppressive treatment by anti-TNF (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab) or monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, anakinra, abatacept) during the last 3 months
- Active malignancy
Show all 9Show fewer
- Active opportunistic infection
- HIV infection
- Concurrent clinical trial
Trial locations and contacts
9 sites in 1 country.
9 sites in 1 country
France9 sites
CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants
Bordeaux, 33076
HCLyon, Hôpital Femme-mère-enfant
Bron, 69677
CHU de Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandres
Lille, 59037
CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve
Montpellier, 34295
CHU de Nantes, Hôpital Mère-Enfants
Nantes, 44093
AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré
Paris, 75019
AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau
Paris, 75571
AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants
Paris, 75743
CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital des Enfants
Toulouse, 31059
About this study
Official title: Multicenter Clinical Trial Evaluating the Immunological Response of Vaccination Against Infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 6, 11, 16, 18 in Girls Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy.
PRIMAVERA is a Phase IIa clinical trial, with the objective to assess the immunologic response to HPV vaccine in a population of immunocompromised girls. The principal hypothesis is that the immunologic response to tetravalent vaccine in girls who received immunosuppressive treatment is comparable to the immunologic response in girls that are not immunosuppressed.
Read the detailed description
The human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the cause of the most common sexually transmitted infection. Among oncogenic HPV, HPV 16 and 18 are found in 70% of invasive cancers. Among the non-oncogenic HPV, HPV 6 and 11 are found in 90% of anogenital warts. Two prophylactic vaccines are currently available: Gardasil ® protects against HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 and Cervarix ® that protects against HPV16 and 18. Gardasil ® is indicated for the prevention of high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN2-3), cancers of the cervix, high-grade dysplasia of the vulva (VIN2-3) and genital warts.
The choice of Gardasil ® is linked to the theoretical risk of graft rejection with the bivalent vaccine, and the fact that the frequency of anogenital warts related to HPV 6 and 11 is increased in the immunocompromised population.
The immunosuppressed women are more likely to present abnormal cervical smears than general population.
A notice on the age of vaccination against HPV for girls to receive a transplant was made by the High Council of Public Health, recommending that vaccination against HPV could be offered to girls to benefit a transplant before the age of 14 years and according to data from the MA. The High Council of Public Health also renewed its request that studies be conducted specifically on the vaccination of girls and young women, immunocompromised, including those receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
The primary objective is to evaluate the persistence of immunological response to tetravalent HPV vaccine at 18 months after first dose of vaccine.
- Being tested
- HPV prophylactic vaccine Gardasil
- Keywords
- Seroconversion, Immunosuppressed treatment, HPV vaccination, Immunogenicity
- Medical subject headings
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, HIV Seropositivity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
HPV prophylactic vaccine GardasilBiological
3 injections: at Inclusion visit then 2 and 6 months after.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Girls and young womens receiving immunosuppressive treatment | Experimental | Not described Receives: Biological: HPV prophylactic vaccine Gardasil |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Seroconversion rate for HPV 16 and 18 at M18
Measured: 18 months after first dose of vacinne (i.e. Inclusion visit)
Secondary outcomes (4)
Geometric means of anti-HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 antibody titers at M7, M18, and M36, respectively.
Measured: Samples collected 7, 18 and 36 months after first dose of vaccine
Proportion of patients with a good cell response at M7 and M18
Measured: 7 and 18 months after first dose of vaccine
Proportion of patients with genital warts or cervical lesions (if relevant)
Measured: 36 months after first dose of vaccine
Number, type and time of occurrence of adverse events of any grade during 18 months after first dose of vaccine
Measured: Assessed at months 2,6,7 and 18 after first dose of vaccine
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Sep 2012 (estimated)
- Study start11 Oct 2012
- Primary completionMay 2015
- Study completion20 Oct 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (34)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for TransplantationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University Hospital, BordeauxThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 37 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University Hospital, Bordeaux
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Geneviève CHENE, MD-PhD, Study chair, University Hospital, Bordeaux, USMRJerome HARAMBAT, MD, Principal investigator, University Hospital, Bordeaux
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01687192
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CHUBX 2011/18
- Other IDs
- 2011-006002-27
- Acronym
- PRIMAVERA
- Status last verified
- Jul 2024
- First submitted
- 13 Sep 2012
- Last updated
- 20 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Koutsky L. The epidemiology behind the HPV vaccine discovery. Ann Epidemiol. 2009 Apr;19(4):239-44. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.01.023.
PubMed 19344861Johnson AM, Mercer CH, Erens B, Copas AJ, McManus S, Wellings K, Fenton KA, Korovessis C, Macdowall W, Nanchahal K, Purdon S, Field J. Sexual behaviour in Britain: partnerships, practices, and HIV risk behaviours. Lancet. 2001 Dec 1;358(9296):1835-42. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06883-0.
PubMed 11741621Winer RL, Lee SK, Hughes JP, Adam DE, Kiviat NB, Koutsky LA. Genital human papillomavirus infection: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of female university students. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Feb 1;157(3):218-26. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwf180.
PubMed 12543621Collins S, Mazloomzadeh S, Winter H, Blomfield P, Bailey A, Young LS, Woodman CB. High incidence of cervical human papillomavirus infection in women during their first sexual relationship. BJOG. 2002 Jan;109(1):96-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01053.x.
PubMed 11845815Myers ER, McCrory DC, Nanda K, Bastian L, Matchar DB. Mathematical model for the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and cervical carcinogenesis. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Jun 15;151(12):1158-71. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010166.
PubMed 10905528Penn I. Occurrence of cancers in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients. Clin Transpl. 1998:147-58.
PubMed 10503093Fairley CK, Chen S, Tabrizi SN, McNeil J, Becker G, Walker R, Atkins RC, Thomson N, Allan P, Woodburn C, et al. Prevalence of HPV DNA in cervical specimens in women with renal transplants: a comparison with dialysis-dependent patients and patients with renal impairment. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1994;9(4):416-20.
PubMed 8084456ter Haar-van Eck SA, Rischen-Vos J, Chadha-Ajwani S, Huikeshoven FJ. The incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among women with renal transplant in relation to cyclosporine. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1995 Jan;102(1):58-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09027.x.
PubMed 7833312Fairley CK, Sheil AG, McNeil JJ, Ugoni AM, Disney AP, Giles GG, Amiss N. The risk of ano-genital malignancies in dialysis and transplant patients. Clin Nephrol. 1994 Feb;41(2):101-5.
PubMed 8004825Kessler M, Jay N, Molle R, Guillemin F. Excess risk of cancer in renal transplant patients. Transpl Int. 2006 Nov;19(11):908-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2006.00383.x.
PubMed 17018126Birkeland SA, Lokkegaard H, Storm HH. Cancer risk in patients on dialysis and after renal transplantation. Lancet. 2000 May 27;355(9218):1886-7. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02298-4.
PubMed 10866449Vajdic CM, McDonald SP, McCredie MR, van Leeuwen MT, Stewart JH, Law M, Chapman JR, Webster AC, Kaldor JM, Grulich AE. Cancer incidence before and after kidney transplantation. JAMA. 2006 Dec 20;296(23):2823-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.23.2823.
PubMed 17179459Nyberg G, Eriksson O, Westberg NG. Increased incidence of cervical atypia in women with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with chemotherapy. Arthritis Rheum. 1981 May;24(5):648-50. doi: 10.1002/art.1780240503.
PubMed 7236321Nath R, Mant C, Luxton J, Hughes G, Raju KS, Shepherd P, Cason J. High risk of human papillomavirus type 16 infections and of development of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 May 15;57(4):619-25. doi: 10.1002/art.22667.
PubMed 17471531Tam LS, Chan PK, Ho SC, Yu MM, Yim SF, Cheung TH, Wong MC, Li EK. Natural history of cervical papilloma virus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus - a prospective cohort study. J Rheumatol. 2010 Feb;37(2):330-40. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.090644. Epub 2009 Dec 23.
PubMed 20032093
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Multicenter Clinical Trial Evaluating the Immunological Response of Vaccination Against Infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 6, 11, 16, 18 in Girls Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01687192
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PRIMAVERA / CHUBX 2011/18
- Keywords
- Seroconversion, Immunosuppressed treatment, HPV vaccination, Immunogenicity
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 37 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University Hospital, BordeauxUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 11 Oct 2012 (actual)
- Primary completion
- May 2015 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Oct 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Sep 2012 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
PRIMAVERA is a Phase IIa clinical trial, with the objective to assess the immunologic response to HPV vaccine in a population of immunocompromised girls. The principal hypothesis is that the immunologic response to tetravalent vaccine in girls who received immunosuppressive treatment is comparable to the immunologic response in girls that are not immunosuppressed.
Detailed description
The human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the cause of the most common sexually transmitted infection. Among oncogenic HPV, HPV 16 and 18 are found in 70% of invasive cancers. Among the non-oncogenic HPV, HPV 6 and 11 are found in 90% of anogenital warts. Two prophylactic vaccines are currently available: Gardasil ® protects against HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 and Cervarix ® that protects against HPV16 and 18. Gardasil ® is indicated for the prevention of high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN2-3), cancers of the cervix, high-grade dysplasia of the vulva (VIN2-3) and genital warts.
The choice of Gardasil ® is linked to the theoretical risk of graft rejection with the bivalent vaccine, and the fact that the frequency of anogenital warts related to HPV 6 and 11 is increased in the immunocompromised population.
The immunosuppressed women are more likely to present abnormal cervical smears than general population.
A notice on the age of vaccination against HPV for girls to receive a transplant was made by the High Council of Public Health, recommending that vaccination against HPV could be offered to girls to benefit a transplant before the age of 14 years and according to data from the MA. The High Council of Public Health also renewed its request that studies be conducted specifically on the vaccination of girls and young women, immunocompromised, including those receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
The primary objective is to evaluate the persistence of immunological response to tetravalent HPV vaccine at 18 months after first dose of vaccine.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Girls and young womens receiving immunosuppressive treatment | Experimental | Biological: HPV prophylactic vaccine Gardasil |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 9 to 18 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Female gender
- Age ≥ 9 years and < 18 years
- Weight ≥ 25 kg
- Solid organ transplantation: kidney, liver, heart, lung, intestinal or combined transplant; or systemic lupus erythematosus or other systemic immune disease
- Transplantation or diagnosis of lupus or diagnosis of systemic immune disease since more than 6 months
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Male gender
- Pregnancy
- Age < 9 years or ≥ 18 years
- Previous HPV vaccination
- Immunosuppressive treatment by anti-TNF (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab) or monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, anakinra, abatacept) during the last 3 months
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| HPV prophylactic vaccine Gardasil3 injections: at Inclusion visit then 2 and 6 months after. | Biological | Girls and young womens receiving immunosuppressive treatment |
Primary outcome
Seroconversion rate for HPV 16 and 18 at M18
Time frame: 18 months after first dose of vacinne (i.e. Inclusion visit)
4 secondary outcomes
Geometric means of anti-HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 antibody titers at M7, M18, and M36, respectively.
Time frame: Samples collected 7, 18 and 36 months after first dose of vaccine
Proportion of patients with a good cell response at M7 and M18
Time frame: 7 and 18 months after first dose of vaccine
Proportion of patients with genital warts or cervical lesions (if relevant)
Time frame: 36 months after first dose of vaccine
Number, type and time of occurrence of adverse events of any grade during 18 months after first dose of vaccine
Time frame: Assessed at months 2,6,7 and 18 after first dose of vaccine
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 May 2026.
- Background: PubMed 19344861Koutsky L. The epidemiology behind the HPV vaccine discovery. Ann Epidemiol. 2009 Apr;19(4):239-44. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.01.023.
- Background: PubMed 11741621Johnson AM, Mercer CH, Erens B, Copas AJ, McManus S, Wellings K, Fenton KA, Korovessis C, Macdowall W, Nanchahal K, Purdon S, Field J. Sexual behaviour in Britain: partnerships, practices, and HIV risk behaviours. Lancet. 2001 Dec 1;358(9296):1835-42. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06883-0.
- Background: PubMed 12543621Winer RL, Lee SK, Hughes JP, Adam DE, Kiviat NB, Koutsky LA. Genital human papillomavirus infection: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of female university students. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Feb 1;157(3):218-26. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwf180.
- Background: PubMed 11845815Collins S, Mazloomzadeh S, Winter H, Blomfield P, Bailey A, Young LS, Woodman CB. High incidence of cervical human papillomavirus infection in women during their first sexual relationship. BJOG. 2002 Jan;109(1):96-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01053.x.
- Background: PubMed 10905528Myers ER, McCrory DC, Nanda K, Bastian L, Matchar DB. Mathematical model for the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and cervical carcinogenesis. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Jun 15;151(12):1158-71. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010166.
- Background: PubMed 10503093Penn I. Occurrence of cancers in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients. Clin Transpl. 1998:147-58.
- Background: PubMed 8084456Fairley CK, Chen S, Tabrizi SN, McNeil J, Becker G, Walker R, Atkins RC, Thomson N, Allan P, Woodburn C, et al. Prevalence of HPV DNA in cervical specimens in women with renal transplants: a comparison with dialysis-dependent patients and patients with renal impairment. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1994;9(4):416-20.
- Background: PubMed 7833312ter Haar-van Eck SA, Rischen-Vos J, Chadha-Ajwani S, Huikeshoven FJ. The incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among women with renal transplant in relation to cyclosporine. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1995 Jan;102(1):58-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09027.x.
- Background: PubMed 8004825Fairley CK, Sheil AG, McNeil JJ, Ugoni AM, Disney AP, Giles GG, Amiss N. The risk of ano-genital malignancies in dialysis and transplant patients. Clin Nephrol. 1994 Feb;41(2):101-5.
- Background: PubMed 17018126Kessler M, Jay N, Molle R, Guillemin F. Excess risk of cancer in renal transplant patients. Transpl Int. 2006 Nov;19(11):908-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2006.00383.x.
- Background: PubMed 10866449Birkeland SA, Lokkegaard H, Storm HH. Cancer risk in patients on dialysis and after renal transplantation. Lancet. 2000 May 27;355(9218):1886-7. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02298-4.
- Background: PubMed 17179459Vajdic CM, McDonald SP, McCredie MR, van Leeuwen MT, Stewart JH, Law M, Chapman JR, Webster AC, Kaldor JM, Grulich AE. Cancer incidence before and after kidney transplantation. JAMA. 2006 Dec 20;296(23):2823-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.23.2823.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Geneviève CHENE, MD-PhD study chair
University Hospital, Bordeaux, USMR
Jerome HARAMBAT, MD principal investigator
University Hospital, Bordeaux
9 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing HPV prophylactic vaccine Gardasil in people with Transplantation and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, run by University Hospital, Bordeaux at 9 sites in France.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 9 sites in France. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Seroconversion rate for HPV 16 and 18 at M18 (time frame: 18 months after first dose of vacinne (i.e. Inclusion visit)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01687192, which also lists 34 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 May 2026.