Cognition DisordersPhase 4NCT01708837
Effect of Depth of Total Intravenous Anesthesia Using Propofol on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
A Phase 4 study testing Propofol in people with Cognition Disorders, run by Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the depth of anesthesia with propofol affects the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 50 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Cognition Disorders
- What is being tested?
- Propofol
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 300 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- Oct 2012to Jun 2014
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 50 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Written informed consent provided by legal guardians or patients
- Male or female patients between 50 and 70 years of age.
- ASA physical status I or II patients.
- Education Years of patients are more than 6 years.
- The operation going to be received is the first operation in patient's life (a second operation was a risk factor for early post- operative cognitive dysfunction);
- The operation going to be received is presenting for a moderate surgery, such as pulmonary lobectomy, subtotal gastrectomy, prostatectomy and so on.
Who cannot join
- The patient has the history of neurologic or mental disease.
- The patient has renal dysfunction, serum creatinine >177 mmol/L.
- The patient has an active liver disease.
- The patient has cardiac dysfunction.
- The patient has pulmonary dysfunction.
- The patient has an endocrine disease.
Show all 17Show fewer
- The patient has a metabolic disease.
- The patient has a history of surgery.
- The patient is going to receive surgery of thyroid, intracranial procedure, joint replacement, major fracture.
- The patient's education history is shown less than 6 years of school.
- The patient is unable to complete neuropsychologic testing.
- The patient has vision dysfunction.
- The patient has auditory dysfunction.
- The operation going to be received is a laparoscopic surgery.
- The patient is hypersensitive to propofol or any other anesthetic agents.
- Involvement in the planning and conduct of the study
- Participation in another drug trial within 28 days prior enrolment into this study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effect of Depth of Total Intravenous Anesthesia Using Propofol on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction : A Multi-Center Study
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the depth of anesthesia with propofol affects the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction
Read the detailed description
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rationale for the study
There is a significant relation between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and increasing age, increasing duration of surgery. But, up to now, the effect of the depth of anesthesia on POCD remains controversial. This study is designed to investigate whether the depth of anesthesia affects the incidence of POCD, we will use propofol for total intravenous anesthesia in elderly patients whose depth of anesthesia was monitored and adjusted by bispectral index (BIS). The early and long-term incidence of POCD will be compared between deep and light-anesthesia groups.
1.2 Background
We hypothesize that depth of anesthesia may exert an influence on the early postoperative cognitive dysfunction. One reason that deep anesthesia might protect cognitive function is the prevention of the stress response to noxious stimulation. The noxious stimulation of surgery can induce stress responses whose severity correlates with the intensity of surgery (major versus minor).Light anesthesia with a serious stress response to noxious stimulation may increase the incidence of POCD. Furthermore, major surgery causing a serious stress response can give rise to a higher incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction than minor. This may also prove our hypothesis on the other hand. The elderly patients who received major surgery had a higher incidence of early POCD than those who received minor surgery. A deleterious stress response can be associated with major surgery or light anesthesia, and it can cause excessive production of corticosteroids that target receptors in the cerebral cortex and subcortical nucleus, eventually resulting in neuron injury. This may explain why the elderly has a higher incidence of early POCD after surgery. However, the effect of the depth of anesthesia on POCD remains controversial. Farag E et al. randomized 74 patients to either a low Bispectral Index (BIS) regimen or a high BIS regimen during the surgical procedure. Preoperatively and 4-6 week after surgery, the patients' cognitive status was assessed with a cognitive test battery consisting of processing speed index, working memory index, and verbal memory index. Processing speed index was higher in the low BIS group versus the high BIS group. But no difference was observed in the other two test battery components. Certainly one of the limitations of their data is that the observed difference in cognitive ability occurred in only one of three assessments. Recently, we have made a randomised, double-blind, controlled study to demonstrate that deeper general anesthesia, as defined by a median BIS of 38, when compared with a median BIS of 58, was associated with a reduced incidence of early POCD(at 1 week postoperationly). This study has been published in J Neurosurg Anesthesiol , Volume 23, Number 1, January 2011. as it was just a small sample(n=40) study without considering incidence of long-term POCD, we hope to obtain more reliable data from a multi-center study to investigate whether the depth of total intravenous anesthesia using propofol affects the early and long-term incidence of POCD.
The bispectral index（BIS）can reflect the depth of anesthesia of propofol combined with opioids. In our study, BIS will still be used to provide a reference for the selection of a suitable depth of anesthesia.
- Conditions
- Cognition Disorders
- Being tested
- Propofol
- Keywords
- Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction, Bispectral index
- Medical subject headings
- Cognition Disorders, Postoperative Cognitive Complications
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PropofolDrug
Propofol infusion rate is titrated to maintain the target BIS values
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| deep anesthesia group | Other | Propofol infusion rate is titrated to maintain the target BIS values in 30-45 Receives: Drug: Propofol |
| light anesthesia group | Other | Propofol infusion rate is titrated to maintain the target BIS values in 45-60 Receives: Drug: Propofol |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
cognitive function score measured by Wechsler memory scale/ Wechsler intelligence scale manual
cognitive function test using Wechsler memory scale/ Wechsler intelligence scale manual were administered the day before and 7 days and 3 months after surgery.
Measured: Three month
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Oct 2012 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2012
- Primary completionJan 2014 (estimated)
- Study completionJun 2014 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cognition DisordersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 300 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Qulian Guo, PhD, Study director, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01708837
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ISSDIPR0003
- Status last verified
- Oct 2012
- First submitted
- 7 Oct 2012
- Last updated
- 31 May 2013
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Newman S, Stygall.J: Neuropsychological outcome following cardiac surgery. The Brain and cardiac Surgery 2000: 21-49
Moller JT, Cluitmans P, Rasmussen LS, Houx P, Rasmussen H, Canet J, Rabbitt P, Jolles J, Larsen K, Hanning CD, Langeron O, Johnson T, Lauven PM, Kristensen PA, Biedler A, van Beem H, Fraidakis O, Silverstein JH, Beneken JE, Gravenstein JS. Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly ISPOCD1 study. ISPOCD investigators. International Study of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction. Lancet. 1998 Mar 21;351(9106):857-61. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)07382-0.
PubMed 9525362Rasmussen LS, Christiansen M, Rasmussen H, Kristensen PA, Moller JT. Do blood concentrations of neurone specific enolase and S-100 beta protein reflect cognitive dysfunction after abdominal surgery?ISPOCD Group. Br J Anaesth. 2000 Feb;84(2):242-4. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013410.
PubMed 10743460Canet J, Raeder J, Rasmussen LS, Enlund M, Kuipers HM, Hanning CD, Jolles J, Korttila K, Siersma VD, Dodds C, Abildstrom H, Sneyd JR, Vila P, Johnson T, Munoz Corsini L, Silverstein JH, Nielsen IK, Moller JT; ISPOCD2 investigators. Cognitive dysfunction after minor surgery in the elderly. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003 Nov;47(10):1204-10. doi: 10.1046/j.1399-6576.2003.00238.x.
PubMed 14616316Johnson T, Monk T, Rasmussen LS, Abildstrom H, Houx P, Korttila K, Kuipers HM, Hanning CD, Siersma VD, Kristensen D, Canet J, Ibanaz MT, Moller JT; ISPOCD2 Investigators. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in middle-aged patients. Anesthesiology. 2002 Jun;96(6):1351-7. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200206000-00014.
PubMed 12170047Cai YR, Xue ZG, Zhu B: Risk factors contributing to post- operative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. The Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology 2006; 22: 608-610
Enlund M, Mentell O, Flenninger A, Horneman G, Ronquist G. Evidence of cerebral dysfunction associated with isoflurane- or propofol based anaesthesia for orthognathic surgery, as assessed by biochemical and neuropsychological methods. Ups J Med Sci. 1998;103(1):43-59. doi: 10.3109/03009739809178944.
PubMed 9789971Casati A, Fanelli G, Pietropaoli P, Proietti R, Tufano R, Danelli G, Fierro G, De Cosmo G, Servillo G; Collaborative Italian Study Group on Anesthesia in Elderly Patients. Continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery minimizes brain exposure to potential hypoxia. Anesth Analg. 2005 Sep;101(3):740-747. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000166974.96219.cd.
PubMed 16115985Shim TS, Lee JH, Kim SY, Lim TH, Kim SJ, Kim DS, Kim WD. Cerebral metabolic abnormalities in COPD patients detected by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chest. 2001 Nov;120(5):1506-13. doi: 10.1378/chest.120.5.1506.
PubMed 11713127Farag E, Chelune GJ, Schubert A, Mascha EJ. Is depth of anesthesia, as assessed by the Bispectral Index, related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction and recovery? Anesth Analg. 2006 Sep;103(3):633-40. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000228870.48028.b5.
PubMed 16931673Newman S, Stygall J, Hirani S, Shaefi S, Maze M. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery: a systematic review. Anesthesiology. 2007 Mar;106(3):572-90. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200703000-00023.
PubMed 17325517Abildstrom H, Rasmussen LS, Rentowl P, Hanning CD, Rasmussen H, Kristensen PA, Moller JT. Cognitive dysfunction 1-2 years after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly. ISPOCD group. International Study of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000 Nov;44(10):1246-51. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.441010.x.
PubMed 11065205Ni D, Shi X, Wu X：Incidence of Postoperative Cognitive Dys- function (POCD) in Aged-patients After General Anesthesia. China Anesthesia and Analgesia 2004; 6: 164-166
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 May 2013. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Depth of Total Intravenous Anesthesia Using Propofol on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction : A Multi-Center Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01708837
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ISSDIPR0003
- Conditions
- Cognition Disorders
- Keywords
- Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction, Bispectral index
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 300 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Oct 2012
- Primary completion
- Jan 2014 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jun 2014 (estimated)
- First posted
- 17 Oct 2012 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the depth of anesthesia with propofol affects the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction
Detailed description
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rationale for the study
There is a significant relation between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and increasing age, increasing duration of surgery. But, up to now, the effect of the depth of anesthesia on POCD remains controversial. This study is designed to investigate whether the depth of anesthesia affects the incidence of POCD, we will use propofol for total intravenous anesthesia in elderly patients whose depth of anesthesia was monitored and adjusted by bispectral index (BIS). The early and long-term incidence of POCD will be compared between deep and light-anesthesia groups.
1.2 Background
We hypothesize that depth of anesthesia may exert an influence on the early postoperative cognitive dysfunction. One reason that deep anesthesia might protect cognitive function is the prevention of the stress response to noxious stimulation. The noxious stimulation of surgery can induce stress responses whose severity correlates with the intensity of surgery (major versus minor).Light anesthesia with a serious stress response to noxious stimulation may increase the incidence of POCD. Furthermore, major surgery causing a serious stress response can give rise to a higher incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction than minor. This may also prove our hypothesis on the other hand. The elderly patients who received major surgery had a higher incidence of early POCD than those who received minor surgery. A deleterious stress response can be associated with major surgery or light anesthesia, and it can cause excessive production of corticosteroids that target receptors in the cerebral cortex and subcortical nucleus, eventually resulting in neuron injury. This may explain why the elderly has a higher incidence of early POCD after surgery. However, the effect of the depth of anesthesia on POCD remains controversial. Farag E et al. randomized 74 patients to either a low Bispectral Index (BIS) regimen or a high BIS regimen during the surgical procedure. Preoperatively and 4-6 week after surgery, the patients' cognitive status was assessed with a cognitive test battery consisting of processing speed index, working memory index, and verbal memory index. Processing speed index was higher in the low BIS group versus the high BIS group. But no difference was observed in the other two test battery components. Certainly one of the limitations of their data is that the observed difference in cognitive ability occurred in only one of three assessments. Recently, we have made a randomised, double-blind, controlled study to demonstrate that deeper general anesthesia, as defined by a median BIS of 38, when compared with a median BIS of 58, was associated with a reduced incidence of early POCD(at 1 week postoperationly). This study has been published in J Neurosurg Anesthesiol , Volume 23, Number 1, January 2011. as it was just a small sample(n=40) study without considering incidence of long-term POCD, we hope to obtain more reliable data from a multi-center study to investigate whether the depth of total intravenous anesthesia using propofol affects the early and long-term incidence of POCD.
The bispectral index（BIS）can reflect the depth of anesthesia of propofol combined with opioids. In our study, BIS will still be used to provide a reference for the selection of a suitable depth of anesthesia.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| deep anesthesia group | Other | Drug: PropofolPropofol infusion rate is titrated to maintain the target BIS values in 30-45 |
| light anesthesia group | Other | Drug: PropofolPropofol infusion rate is titrated to maintain the target BIS values in 45-60 |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 50 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Written informed consent provided by legal guardians or patients
- Male or female patients between 50 and 70 years of age.
- ASA physical status I or II patients.
- Education Years of patients are more than 6 years.
- The operation going to be received is the first operation in patient's life (a second operation was a risk factor for early post- operative cognitive dysfunction);
Key exclusion criteria (17 listed)
- The patient has the history of neurologic or mental disease.
- The patient has renal dysfunction, serum creatinine >177 mmol/L.
- The patient has an active liver disease.
- The patient has cardiac dysfunction.
- The patient has pulmonary dysfunction.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| PropofolPropofol infusion rate is titrated to maintain the target BIS values | Drug | deep anesthesia group, light anesthesia group |
Primary outcome
cognitive function score measured by Wechsler memory scale/ Wechsler intelligence scale manual
Time frame: Three month
cognitive function test using Wechsler memory scale/ Wechsler intelligence scale manual were administered the day before and 7 days and 3 months after surgery.
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 May 2013.
- BackgroundNewman S, Stygall.J: Neuropsychological outcome following cardiac surgery. The Brain and cardiac Surgery 2000: 21-49
- Background: PubMed 9525362Moller JT, Cluitmans P, Rasmussen LS, Houx P, Rasmussen H, Canet J, Rabbitt P, Jolles J, Larsen K, Hanning CD, Langeron O, Johnson T, Lauven PM, Kristensen PA, Biedler A, van Beem H, Fraidakis O, Silverstein JH, Beneken JE, Gravenstein JS. Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly ISPOCD1 study. ISPOCD investigators. International Study of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction. Lancet. 1998 Mar 21;351(9106):857-61. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)07382-0.
- Background: PubMed 10743460Rasmussen LS, Christiansen M, Rasmussen H, Kristensen PA, Moller JT. Do blood concentrations of neurone specific enolase and S-100 beta protein reflect cognitive dysfunction after abdominal surgery?ISPOCD Group. Br J Anaesth. 2000 Feb;84(2):242-4. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013410.
- Background: PubMed 14616316Canet J, Raeder J, Rasmussen LS, Enlund M, Kuipers HM, Hanning CD, Jolles J, Korttila K, Siersma VD, Dodds C, Abildstrom H, Sneyd JR, Vila P, Johnson T, Munoz Corsini L, Silverstein JH, Nielsen IK, Moller JT; ISPOCD2 investigators. Cognitive dysfunction after minor surgery in the elderly. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003 Nov;47(10):1204-10. doi: 10.1046/j.1399-6576.2003.00238.x.
- Background: PubMed 12170047Johnson T, Monk T, Rasmussen LS, Abildstrom H, Houx P, Korttila K, Kuipers HM, Hanning CD, Siersma VD, Kristensen D, Canet J, Ibanaz MT, Moller JT; ISPOCD2 Investigators. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in middle-aged patients. Anesthesiology. 2002 Jun;96(6):1351-7. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200206000-00014.
- BackgroundCai YR, Xue ZG, Zhu B: Risk factors contributing to post- operative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. The Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology 2006; 22: 608-610
- Background: PubMed 9789971Enlund M, Mentell O, Flenninger A, Horneman G, Ronquist G. Evidence of cerebral dysfunction associated with isoflurane- or propofol based anaesthesia for orthognathic surgery, as assessed by biochemical and neuropsychological methods. Ups J Med Sci. 1998;103(1):43-59. doi: 10.3109/03009739809178944.
- Background: PubMed 16115985Casati A, Fanelli G, Pietropaoli P, Proietti R, Tufano R, Danelli G, Fierro G, De Cosmo G, Servillo G; Collaborative Italian Study Group on Anesthesia in Elderly Patients. Continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery minimizes brain exposure to potential hypoxia. Anesth Analg. 2005 Sep;101(3):740-747. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000166974.96219.cd.
- Background: PubMed 11713127Shim TS, Lee JH, Kim SY, Lim TH, Kim SJ, Kim DS, Kim WD. Cerebral metabolic abnormalities in COPD patients detected by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chest. 2001 Nov;120(5):1506-13. doi: 10.1378/chest.120.5.1506.
- Background: PubMed 16931673Farag E, Chelune GJ, Schubert A, Mascha EJ. Is depth of anesthesia, as assessed by the Bispectral Index, related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction and recovery? Anesth Analg. 2006 Sep;103(3):633-40. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000228870.48028.b5.
- Results publication: PubMed 17325517Newman S, Stygall J, Hirani S, Shaefi S, Maze M. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery: a systematic review. Anesthesiology. 2007 Mar;106(3):572-90. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200703000-00023.
- Results publication: PubMed 11065205Abildstrom H, Rasmussen LS, Rentowl P, Hanning CD, Rasmussen H, Kristensen PA, Moller JT. Cognitive dysfunction 1-2 years after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly. ISPOCD group. International Study of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000 Nov;44(10):1246-51. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.441010.x.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Qulian Guo, PhD study director
Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Propofol in people with Cognition Disorders, run by Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 17 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 May 2013. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
cognitive function score measured by Wechsler memory scale/ Wechsler intelligence scale manual (time frame: Three month). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01708837, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 May 2013.