Myocardial InfarctionMAINTAINNCT01752595
The Music Activity INTervention for Adherence Improvement Through Neurological Entrainment
A study testing Preference Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Music and Preference Based Music Intervention in people with Myocardial Infarction and Compliance Behavior, run by Toronto Rehabilitation Institute at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
Auditory motor-coupling has been shown to induce neural-entrainment that can synchronize walking-pace with sonic tempo. The extent to which acoustical-motor entrainment can induce longer-term changes to physical activity behaviours remains unclear. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age
- Conditions the study is for
- Myocardial Infarction, Compliance Behavior, Patient Compliance
- What is being tested?
- Preference Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Music and Preference Based Music Intervention
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 34 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- Nov 2012to Dec 2013
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- English-speaking patients, who are participating in and have been declared medically stable for out-patient cardiac rehabilitation, will be recruited from the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute's Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Program.
Who cannot join
- Participants who are unable to wear the MP3 device or the activity monitoring device due to medical or non-medical issues will be excluded from this study.
- Subjects that have a medical history of seizure disorders, previous neurosurgery, or known head trauma will be excluded from this study.
- Subjects that have received a bicycle-based exercise prescription.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Canada1 site
Toronto Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute
Toronto, Ontario, M4G 1R7
About this study
Official title: The Music Activity INTervention for Adherence Improvement Through Neurological Entrainment Study
Auditory motor-coupling has been shown to induce neural-entrainment that can synchronize walking-pace with sonic tempo. The extent to which acoustical-motor entrainment can induce longer-term changes to physical activity behaviours remains unclear.
Cardiac rehabilitation is essential and is associated with irrefutable mortality benefits for patients following an acute cardiac event. Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated a 25-50% improvement in survival as compared to controls; however, as many as 50% of patients will dropout of such programs prior to completion, which undermines these morbidity and mortality benefits (37; 54). Research exploring ways to improve compliance to such programs has suggested that the incorporation of music and other such holistic, patient-centered interventions into a rehabilitation/exercise program is associated with improved motivation, endurance and satisfaction amongst cardiac rehabilitation participants. The MAINTAIN study has been designed to conduct a feasibility evaluation on the effects of a preference-based music intervention on adherence to the cardiac rehabilitation program at Toronto Rehabilitation Institute. The primary objective of the trial is to evaluate the feasibility of the implementation of such a protocol within the context of the program.
This is a two-arm, block 2:1 randomized trial. 35 patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation at Toronto Rehabilitation: Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Program will be recruited and participants will be randomized into: 1) control (standard, usual care); and, 2) music intervention. The randomization process employed will be a blocked 2:1 strategy, whereby subjects are randomized to the music treatment arms 2:1. All those patients randomized into arm 2 will be equally randomized into either (2) preference-based music intervention, (3) preference-based music enhanced with RAS. The primary outcome measure will be weekly physical activity over a 3 month duration as measured using tri-axial accelerometers. We will also analyze the impact of a preference-based music intervention based on audio playlist utilization, self-reported sitting times ,exercise-times, on-site attendance to the cardiac rehabilitation program (attendance), peak oxygen uptake (VO2) (stress-test), and self-efficacy levels (self-efficacy questionnaires). These measures will be collected and analyzed throughout the course of the intervention (3 months).
- Being tested
- Preference Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Music, Preference Based Music Intervention
- Medical subject headings
- Myocardial Infarction, Patient Compliance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Preference Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation MusicBehavioural
Patients that have been randomized into arms 2 and 3 will be blinded to the intervention they are receiving (i.e. preference-based playlist vs. preference-based playlist that has been edited to include Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS). RAS drives synchronous neural oscillation (entrainment) and functions in two ways: (1) facilitates pace and heart-rate synchrony and (2) facilitates brain state dominance (getting into the zone). RAS will be accomplished through: (1) sequencing of subject self-selected music based on tempo, (2) accentuation of the rhythmic driving pulse with added percussive-type sounds, (3) addition of binaurally detuned pitches to follow bass lines at brain-state target frequencies (e.g., 8 Hz alpha, or 16 Hz beta), and (4) the addition of binaurally detuned "background" sounds (e.g., low frequency hum) at target Hz frequencies. RAS is implemented as inherent and natural to the music and may remain imperceptible to most.
Preference Based Music InterventionOther
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Standard | No intervention | Subjects randomized to this group will receive standard, usual care with no intervention. |
| Preference Based Music Intervention | Active comparator | Subjects randomized to this arm will receive an iPod player and an activity monitoring device. The iPod will be loaded with patient indicated music preferences that is synched to the patients pace prescription. Subjects will be asked to use their iPod player during off-site exercise periods. Receives: Other: Preference Based Music Intervention |
| Preference Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Music | Active comparator | Subjects randomized to this arm will receive an iPod player and an activity monitoring device. The iPod will be loaded with patient indicated music preferences that is synched to the patients pace prescription. Subjects will be asked to use their iPod player during off-site exercise periods. Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (accentuation of beats, frequencies) will be added to the music subliminally. Receives: Behavioral: Preference Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Music |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Duration of physical activity
The primary outcome will be the total weekly physical activity volume as determined using triaxial accelerometers.
Measured: 3 months
Secondary outcomes (5)
On-site program attendance
Adherence will be measured quantitatively by assessing the number of missed appointments vs. amount of scheduled appointments.
Measured: 3 months
Change in Cardio Pulmonary Assessment Score
Fitness levels will be measured by assessing peak VO2 (ml/kg-1* min-1), an objective, clinical measure of the volume of oxygen consumed while exercising at the maximum capacity. Those with higher VO2max values are more fit and can exercise more intensely, indicating a greater functional capacity than those with lower VO2max values.
Measured: Baseline, 3 months
Changes in Stafford Self-Efficacy Questionnaire/Cardiac Self-Efficacy Questionnaire Scores
Changes in self efficacy will be measured using the combined score of two self-efficacy questionnaires administered by Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
Measured: Baseline, 3 months
Audio-play list use
We will track the number of song plays on each patients playlist
Measured: 3 months
Study recruitment and drop-out
We will determine the proportion of patients screened, recruited, and who completed the study protocol
Measured: 3 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Dec 2012 (estimated)
- Study startNov 2012
- Primary completionDec 2013
- Study completionDec 2013
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (39)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Myocardial InfarctionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Ontario Centres of Excellence, University of Toronto
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dr. David Alter, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
- Investigators
- Dr. David Alter, Principal investigator, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01752595
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 12-035
- Acronym
- MAINTAIN
- Status last verified
- Oct 2020
- First submitted
- 3 Dec 2012
- Last updated
- 9 Oct 2020
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Alter DA, Iron K, Austin PC, Naylor CD; SESAMI Study Group. Socioeconomic status, service patterns, and perceptions of care among survivors of acute myocardial infarction in Canada. JAMA. 2004 Mar 3;291(9):1100-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.9.1100.
PubMed 14996779Chan RH, Gordon NF, Chong A, Alter DA; Socio-Economic and Acute Myocardial Infarction Investigators. Influence of socioeconomic status on lifestyle behavior modifications among survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2008 Dec 15;102(12):1583-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.08.022. Epub 2008 Oct 9.
PubMed 19064009De Angelis C, Bunker S, Schoo A. Exploring the barriers and enablers to attendance at rural cardiac rehabilitation programs. Aust J Rural Health. 2008 Jun;16(3):137-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1584.2008.00963.x.
PubMed 18471183Molloy GJ, Perkins-Porras L, Strike PC, Steptoe A. Social networks and partner stress as predictors of adherence to medication, rehabilitation attendance, and quality of life following acute coronary syndrome. Health Psychol. 2008 Jan;27(1):52-8. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.52.
PubMed 18230014Hagan NA, Botti MA, Watts RJ. Financial, family, and social factors impacting on cardiac rehabilitation attendance. Heart Lung. 2007 Mar-Apr;36(2):105-13. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2006.05.010.
PubMed 17362791Worcester MU, Murphy BM, Mee VK, Roberts SB, Goble AJ. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes: predictors of non-attendance and drop-out. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004 Aug;11(4):328-35. doi: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000137083.20844.54.
PubMed 15292767Glazer KM, Emery CF, Frid DJ, Banyasz RE. Psychological predictors of adherence and outcomes among patients in cardiac rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1):40-6. doi: 10.1097/00008483-200201000-00006.
PubMed 11839996Grace SL, Gravely-Witte S, Brual J, Monette G, Suskin N, Higginson L, Alter DA, Stewart DE. Contribution of patient and physician factors to cardiac rehabilitation enrollment: a prospective multilevel study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008 Oct;15(5):548-56. doi: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e328305df05.
PubMed 18830085Bandura A. Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Educ Behav. 2004 Apr;31(2):143-64. doi: 10.1177/1090198104263660.
PubMed 15090118(10) Van Noorden, L., & Moelants, D. Resonance in the perception of musical pulse. Journal of New Music Research 1999, 43-66
van der Vlist B, Bartneck C, Maueler S. moBeat: Using interactive music to guide and motivate users during aerobic exercising. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2011 Jun;36(2):135-45. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9149-y.
PubMed 21380562Konlaan BB, Bygren LO, Johansson SE. Visiting the cinema, concerts, museums or art exhibitions as determinant of survival: a Swedish fourteen-year cohort follow-up. Scand J Public Health. 2000 Sep;28(3):174-8.
PubMed 11045748Konlaan BB, Bjorby N, Bygren LO, Weissglas G, Karlsson LG, Widmark M. Attendance at cultural events and physical exercise and health: a randomized controlled study. Public Health. 2000 Sep;114(5):316-9.
PubMed 11035447Marrero DG, Fremion AS, Golden MP. Improving compliance with exercise in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: results of a self-motivated home exercise program. Pediatrics. 1988 Apr;81(4):519-25.
PubMed 2451207Rhodes RE, Warburton DE, Bredin SS. Predicting the effect of interactive video bikes on exercise adherence: An efficacy trial. Psychol Health Med. 2009 Dec;14(6):631-40. doi: 10.1080/13548500903281088.
PubMed 20183536
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Oct 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Music Activity INTervention for Adherence Improvement Through Neurological Entrainment Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01752595
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MAINTAIN / 12-035
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Ontario Centres of Excellence, University of Toronto
- Study start
- Nov 2012
- Primary completion
- Dec 2013 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2013 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Dec 2012 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Auditory motor-coupling has been shown to induce neural-entrainment that can synchronize walking-pace with sonic tempo. The extent to which acoustical-motor entrainment can induce longer-term changes to physical activity behaviours remains unclear.
Cardiac rehabilitation is essential and is associated with irrefutable mortality benefits for patients following an acute cardiac event. Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated a 25-50% improvement in survival as compared to controls; however, as many as 50% of patients will dropout of such programs prior to completion, which undermines these morbidity and mortality benefits (37; 54). Research exploring ways to improve compliance to such programs has suggested that the incorporation of music and other such holistic, patient-centered interventions into a rehabilitation/exercise program is associated with improved motivation, endurance and satisfaction amongst cardiac rehabilitation participants. The MAINTAIN study has been designed to conduct a feasibility evaluation on the effects of a preference-based music intervention on adherence to the cardiac rehabilitation program at Toronto Rehabilitation Institute. The primary objective of the trial is to evaluate the feasibility of the implementation of such a protocol within the context of the program.
This is a two-arm, block 2:1 randomized trial. 35 patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation at Toronto Rehabilitation: Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Program will be recruited and participants will be randomized into: 1) control (standard, usual care); and, 2) music intervention. The randomization process employed will be a blocked 2:1 strategy, whereby subjects are randomized to the music treatment arms 2:1. All those patients randomized into arm 2 will be equally randomized into either (2) preference-based music intervention, (3) preference-based music enhanced with RAS. The primary outcome measure will be weekly physical activity over a 3 month duration as measured using tri-axial accelerometers. We will also analyze the impact of a preference-based music intervention based on audio playlist utilization, self-reported sitting times ,exercise-times, on-site attendance to the cardiac rehabilitation program (attendance), peak oxygen uptake (VO2) (stress-test), and self-efficacy levels (self-efficacy questionnaires). These measures will be collected and analyzed throughout the course of the intervention (3 months).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Standard | No intervention | –Subjects randomized to this group will receive standard, usual care with no intervention. |
| Preference Based Music Intervention | Active comparator | Other: Preference Based Music InterventionSubjects randomized to this arm will receive an iPod player and an activity monitoring device. The iPod will be loaded with patient indicated music preferences that is synched to the patients pace prescription. Subjects will be asked to use their iPod player during off-site exercise periods. |
| Preference Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Music | Active comparator | Behavioral: Preference Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation MusicSubjects randomized to this arm will receive an iPod player and an activity monitoring device. The iPod will be loaded with patient indicated music preferences that is synched to the patients pace prescription. Subjects will be asked to use their iPod player during off-site exercise periods. Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (accentuation of beats, frequencies) will be added to the music subliminally. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- English-speaking patients, who are participating in and have been declared medically stable for out-patient cardiac rehabilitation, will be recruited from the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute's Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Program.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Participants who are unable to wear the MP3 device or the activity monitoring device due to medical or non-medical issues will be excluded from this study.
- Subjects that have a medical history of seizure disorders, previous neurosurgery, or known head trauma will be excluded from this study.
- Subjects that have received a bicycle-based exercise prescription.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Preference Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation MusicPatients that have been randomized into arms 2 and 3 will be blinded to the intervention they are receiving (i.e. preference-based playlist vs. preference-based playlist that has been edited to include Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS). RAS drives synchronous neural oscillation (entrainment) and functions in two ways: (1) facilitates pace and heart-rate synchrony and (2) facilitates brain state dominance (getting into the zone). RAS will be accomplished through: (1) sequencing of subject self-selected music based on tempo, (2) accentuation of the rhythmic driving pulse with added percussive-type sounds, (3) addition of binaurally detuned pitches to follow bass lines at brain-state target frequencies (e.g., 8 Hz alpha, or 16 Hz beta), and (4) the addition of binaurally detuned "background" sounds (e.g., low frequency hum) at target Hz frequencies. RAS is implemented as inherent and natural to the music and may remain imperceptible to most. | Behavioural | Preference Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Music |
| Preference Based Music Intervention | Other | Preference Based Music Intervention |
Primary outcome
Duration of physical activity
Time frame: 3 months
The primary outcome will be the total weekly physical activity volume as determined using triaxial accelerometers.
5 secondary outcomes
On-site program attendance
Time frame: 3 months
Change in Cardio Pulmonary Assessment Score
Time frame: Baseline, 3 months
Changes in Stafford Self-Efficacy Questionnaire/Cardiac Self-Efficacy Questionnaire Scores
Time frame: Baseline, 3 months
Audio-play list use
Time frame: 3 months
Study recruitment and drop-out
Time frame: 3 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Oct 2020.
- Background: PubMed 14996779Alter DA, Iron K, Austin PC, Naylor CD; SESAMI Study Group. Socioeconomic status, service patterns, and perceptions of care among survivors of acute myocardial infarction in Canada. JAMA. 2004 Mar 3;291(9):1100-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.9.1100.
- Background: PubMed 19064009Chan RH, Gordon NF, Chong A, Alter DA; Socio-Economic and Acute Myocardial Infarction Investigators. Influence of socioeconomic status on lifestyle behavior modifications among survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2008 Dec 15;102(12):1583-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.08.022. Epub 2008 Oct 9.
- Background: PubMed 18471183De Angelis C, Bunker S, Schoo A. Exploring the barriers and enablers to attendance at rural cardiac rehabilitation programs. Aust J Rural Health. 2008 Jun;16(3):137-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1584.2008.00963.x.
- Background: PubMed 18230014Molloy GJ, Perkins-Porras L, Strike PC, Steptoe A. Social networks and partner stress as predictors of adherence to medication, rehabilitation attendance, and quality of life following acute coronary syndrome. Health Psychol. 2008 Jan;27(1):52-8. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.52.
- Background: PubMed 17362791Hagan NA, Botti MA, Watts RJ. Financial, family, and social factors impacting on cardiac rehabilitation attendance. Heart Lung. 2007 Mar-Apr;36(2):105-13. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2006.05.010.
- Background: PubMed 15292767Worcester MU, Murphy BM, Mee VK, Roberts SB, Goble AJ. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes: predictors of non-attendance and drop-out. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004 Aug;11(4):328-35. doi: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000137083.20844.54.
- Background: PubMed 11839996Glazer KM, Emery CF, Frid DJ, Banyasz RE. Psychological predictors of adherence and outcomes among patients in cardiac rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1):40-6. doi: 10.1097/00008483-200201000-00006.
- Background: PubMed 18830085Grace SL, Gravely-Witte S, Brual J, Monette G, Suskin N, Higginson L, Alter DA, Stewart DE. Contribution of patient and physician factors to cardiac rehabilitation enrollment: a prospective multilevel study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008 Oct;15(5):548-56. doi: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e328305df05.
- Background: PubMed 15090118Bandura A. Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Educ Behav. 2004 Apr;31(2):143-64. doi: 10.1177/1090198104263660.
- Background(10) Van Noorden, L., & Moelants, D. Resonance in the perception of musical pulse. Journal of New Music Research 1999, 43-66
- Background: PubMed 21380562van der Vlist B, Bartneck C, Maueler S. moBeat: Using interactive music to guide and motivate users during aerobic exercising. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2011 Jun;36(2):135-45. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9149-y.
- Background: PubMed 11045748Konlaan BB, Bygren LO, Johansson SE. Visiting the cinema, concerts, museums or art exhibitions as determinant of survival: a Swedish fourteen-year cohort follow-up. Scand J Public Health. 2000 Sep;28(3):174-8.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Dr. David Alter principal investigator
Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Preference Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Music and Preference Based Music Intervention in people with Myocardial Infarction and Compliance Behavior, run by Toronto Rehabilitation Institute at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Oct 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Duration of physical activity (time frame: 3 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01752595, which also lists 39 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Oct 2020.