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HealthyPhase 1NCT01775189

A Study to Characterize the Abuse Liability of ALO-02 in Healthy, Non-Dependent, Recreational Opioid Users When ALO-02 Capsules Are Crushed and Snorted

A Phase 1 study testing crushed ALO-02 30 mg/3.6 mg and crushed oxycodone IR 30 mg in people with Healthy, run by Pfizer at 1 site in Canada.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The main purpose of this study is to determine if oxycodone and naltrexone combination capsules (ALO-02) have the potential to be abused when they are crushed and snorted. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 55 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Healthy
What is being tested?
crushed ALO-02 30 mg/3.6 mg and crushed oxycodone IR 30 mg
Type of treatment
Pill or oral medicine
Could I receive a placebo?
Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people
45 participants
Where
1 siteCanada
Study dates
Feb 2013to Jul 2013
Phase
Phase 1
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 55 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Healthy subjects
  • Non-dependent, recreational opioid users. (Must use opioid for non-therapeutic purposes on at least 10 occassions within the last year and at least once in the 8 weeks before Visit 1 (Screening Visit).
  • Must have experience with intranasal opioid administration (snorted opioid drugs on at least 3 occassions within the last year before Visit 1 (Screening Visit).

Who cannot join

  • Diagnosis of substance and/or alcohol dependence
  • Subject has participated in, is currently participating in, or seeking treatment for substance and/or alcohol related disorder.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Canada1 site
  • INC Research Toronto Inc.

    Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2T3

Other trials in Canada

About this study

Official title: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Single-dose, 4-way Crossover Study To Determine The Relative Abuse Potential Of Alo-02 (Oxycodone Hydrochloride And Naltrexone Hydrochloride Extended Release Capsules) Compared To Oxycodone Immediate Release, And Placebo When Administered Intranasally To Non-dependent, Recreational Opioid Users.

The main purpose of this study is to determine if oxycodone and naltrexone combination capsules (ALO-02) have the potential to be abused when they are crushed and snorted.

Read the detailed description

Abuse Liability Study

Conditions
Healthy
Being tested
ALO-02 weight-matched placebo, crushed ALO-02 30 mg/3.6 mg, oxycodone weight-matched placebo, crushed oxycodone IR 30 mg
Keywords
Relative abuse potential study, Chronic pain, oxycodone, naltrexone, opioid-related disorders, drug abusers
Medical subject headings
Chronic Pain, Opioid-Related Disorders, Drug Misuse

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • ALO-02 weight-matched placeboDrug

    crushed sugar spheres (powder) x 1 dose

  • crushed ALO-02 30 mg/3.6 mgDrug

    crushed ALO-02 30 mg/3.6 mg capsule x 1 dose

  • oxycodone weight-matched placeboDrug

    crushed lactose tablets (powder) x 1 dose

  • crushed oxycodone IR 30 mgDrug

    Three (3) crushed immediate-release (IR) oxycodone 10 mg tablets x 1 dose

Study groups in NCT01775189
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Treatment APlacebo comparatorNot described
Receives: Drug: ALO-02 weight-matched placebo
Treatment BExperimentalNot described
Receives: Drug: crushed ALO-02 30 mg/3.6 mg
Treatment CPlacebo comparatorNot described
Receives: Drug: oxycodone weight-matched placebo
Treatment DActive comparatorNot described
Receives: Drug: crushed oxycodone IR 30 mg

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Drug Liking: Peak Effect (Emax)

    Drug liking assesses the degree that a participant likes a drug effect at the time the question is being asked (that is, at the moment). It is scored using a 100 millimeter (mm) bipolar VAS anchored in the center with a neutral anchor of "neither like nor dislike" (score of 50 mm), on the extreme left with "strong disliking" (score of 0 mm) and on the extreme right with "strong liking" (score of 100 mm). Peak Effect (Emax) = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  2. Drug Liking: Area Under Effect Curve (AUE) From 0-2 Hour

    Drug liking assesses the degree that a participant likes a drug effect at the time the question is being asked (that is, at the moment). It is scored using a 100 millimeter (mm) bipolar VAS anchored in the center with a neutral anchor of "neither like nor dislike" (score of 50 mm), on the extreme left with "strong disliking" (score of 0 mm) and on the extreme right with "strong liking" (score of 100 mm). AUE (0-2) = Area under the effect versus time curve from time 0 to 2 hours.

    Measured: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2 hours post-dose

  3. High: Peak Effect (Emax)

    High VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). Emax = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  4. High: Area Under Effect Curve (AUE) From 0-2 Hour

    High VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). AUE (0-2) = Area under the effect versus time curve from time 0 to 2 hours.

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2 hours post-dose

Secondary outcomes (31)
  1. Take Drug Again: Peak Effect (Emax)

    Take drug again VAS is a subjective assessment of the degree to which a participant would desire to take the drug again if given the opportunity. It is presented on a 100 mm VAS with score ranging from 0 mm to 100 mm (score of 0 mm = "definitely would not", 50 mm = "do not care", and 100 mm = "definitely would"). Emax = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: 12, 24 hours post-dose

  2. Take Drug Again: Mean Effect (Emean)

    Take drug again VAS is a subjective assessment of the degree to which a participant would desire to take the drug again if given the opportunity. It is presented on a 100 mm VAS with score ranging from 0 mm to 100 mm (score of 0 mm = "definitely would not", 50 mm = "do not care", and 100 mm = "definitely would"). Emean = Average observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: 12, 24 hours post-dose

  3. Take Drug Again Effect at Hours 12 and 24

    Take drug again VAS is a subjective assessment of the degree to which a participant would desire to take the drug again if given the opportunity. It is presented on a 100 mm VAS with score ranging from 0 mm to 100 mm (score of 0 mm = "definitely would not", 50 mm = "do not care", and 100 mm = "definitely would").

    Measured: Intervention period: 12, 24 hours post-dose

  4. Overall Drug Liking: Peak Effect (Emax)

    Overall drug liking VAS assesses the participant's global perception of drug liking (that is, effects over the whole course of the drug experience including any carry-over effects). A 100 mm VAS is used to assess response based on a score ranging from 0 mm to 100 mm (0 mm = "strong disliking", 50 mm = "neither like nor dislike", and 100 mm= "strong liking"). Emax = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: 12, 24 hours post-dose

  5. Overall Drug Liking: Mean Effect (Emean)

    Overall drug liking VAS assesses the participant's global perception of drug liking (that is, effects over the whole course of the drug experience including any carry-over effects). A 100 mm VAS is used to assess response based on a score ranging from 0 mm to 100 mm (0 mm = "strong disliking", 50 mm = "neither like nor dislike", and 100 mm= "strong liking"). Emean = Average observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: 12, 24 hours post-dose

  6. Overall Drug Liking Effect at Hours 12 and 24

    Overall drug liking VAS assesses the participant's global perception of drug liking (that is, effects over the whole course of the drug experience including any carry-over effects). A 100 mm VAS is used to assess response based on a score ranging from 0 mm to 100 mm (0 mm = "strong disliking", 50 mm = "neither like nor dislike", and 100 mm= "strong liking").

    Measured: Intervention period: 12, 24 hours post-dose

  7. Any Drug Effects: Peak Effect (Emax)

    Any Drug Effects VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). Emax = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  8. Any Drug Effects: Area Under Effect Curve (AUE) From 0-1 Hour, 0-2 Hour, 0-8 Hour and 0-24 Hour

    Any Drug Effects VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). AUE (0-x) = Area under the effect versus time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable effect (0-x).

    Measured: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  9. Any Drug Effects: Time to Maximum (Peak) Effect (TEmax)

    Any Drug Effects VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). TEmax = Time to maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  10. Good Drug Effects: Peak Effect (Emax)

    Good Drug Effects VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). Emax = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  11. Good Drug Effects: Area Under Effect Curve (AUE) From 0-1 Hour, 0-2 Hour, 0-8 Hour and 0-24 Hour

    Good Drug Effects VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). AUE (0-x) = Area under the effect versus time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable effect (0-x).

    Measured: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  12. Good Drug Effects: Time to Maximum (Peak) Effect (TEmax)

    Good Drug Effects VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). TEmax = Time to maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  13. Bad Drug Effects: Peak Effect (Emax)

    Bad Drug Effects VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). Emax = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  14. Bad Drug Effects: Area Under Effect Curve (AUE) From 0-1 Hour, 0-2 Hour, 0-8 Hour and 0-24 Hour

    Bad Drug Effects VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). AUE (0-x) = Area under the effect versus time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable effect (0-x).

    Measured: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  15. Bad Drug Effects: Time to Maximum (Peak) Effect (TEmax)

    Bad Drug Effects VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). TEmax = Time to maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  16. Feel Sick: Peak Effect (Emax)

    Feel Sick VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). Emax = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention periods: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  17. Feel Sick: Area Under Effect Curve (AUE) From 0-1 Hour, 0-2 Hour, 0-8 Hour and 0-24 Hour

    Feel Sick VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). AUE (0-x) = Area under the effect versus time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable effect (0-x).

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  18. Feel Sick: Time to Maximum (Peak) Effect (TEmax)

    Feel Sick VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). TEmax = Time to maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  19. Nausea: Peak Effect (Emax)

    Nausea VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). Emax = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  20. Nausea: Area Under Effect Curve (AUE) From 0-1 Hour, 0-2 Hour, 0-8 Hour and 0-24 Hour

    Nausea VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). AUE (0-x) = Area under the effect versus time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable effect (0-x).

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  21. Nausea: Time to Maximum (Peak) Effect (TEmax)

    Nausea VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). TEmax = Time to maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  22. Sleepy: Peak Effect (Emax)

    Sleepy VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). Emax = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  23. Sleepy: Area Under Effect Curve (AUE) From 0-1 Hour, 0-2 Hour, 0-8 Hour and 0-24 Hour

    Sleepy VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from a response of 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). AUE (0-x) = Area under the effect versus time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable effect (0-x).

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  24. Sleepy: Time to Maximum (Peak) Effect (TEmax)

    Sleepy VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from a response of 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). TEmax = Time to maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  25. Dizzy: Peak Effect (Emax)

    Dizzy VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). Emax = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  26. Dizzy: Area Under Effect Curve (AUE) From 0-1 Hour, 0-2 Hour, 0-8 Hour and 0-24 Hour

    Dizzy VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from a response of 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). AUE (0-x) = Area under the effect versus time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable effect (0-x).

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  27. Dizzy: Time to Maximum (Peak) Effect (TEmax)

    Dizzy VAS assesses the effect experienced by the participant on a 100 mm unipolar VAS, where responses are unidirectional and range from a response of 'none' (score of 0 mm) to 'extremely' (score of 100 mm). TEmax = Time to maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  28. Percentage of Dose (Drug Powder) Insufflated

    The percentage of dose insufflated, was based on a calculation of the weight of powder remaining (if any) following each dosing during the intervention period.

    Measured: Intervention period: 0 Hour post-dose

  29. Pupillometry: Peak Effect (Emax)

    Pupillometry assessments measure change in pupil size (miosis) as an indicator of opioid pharmacological properties. Participants have the size of pupil measured using a pupillometer. Measurements are made in a dimly lit (mesopic) room with controlled lighting conditions. The same eye for each participant was used for all measurements during the study. Emax = Maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  30. Pupillometry: Area Under Effect Curve (AUE) From 0-1 Hour, 0-2 Hour, 0-8 Hour and 0-24 Hour

    Pupillometry assessments measure change in pupil size (miosis) as an indicator of opioid pharmacological properties. Participants have the size of pupil measured using a pupillometer. Measurements are made in a dimly lit (mesopic) room with controlled lighting conditions. The same eye for each participant was used for all measurements during the study. AUE (0-x) = Area under the effect versus time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable effect (0-x).

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

  31. Pupillometry: Time to Maximum (Peak) Effect (TEmax)

    Pupillometry assessments measure change in pupil size (miosis) as an indicator of opioid pharmacological properties. Participants have the size of pupil measured using a pupillometer. Measurements are made in a dimly lit (mesopic) room with controlled lighting conditions. The same eye for each participant was used for all measurements during the study. TEmax = Time to maximum observed score.

    Measured: Intervention period: pre-dose, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted24 Jan 2013 (estimated)
  2. Study startFeb 2013
  3. Primary completionJul 2013
  4. Study completionJul 2013

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 1
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Masking
Double blind
Who is masked
Participant, Investigator
Enrolment
45 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT01775189
Sponsor's protocol ID
B4531009
Status last verified
Feb 2017
First submitted
22 Jan 2013
Last updated
17 Jul 2017
Data monitoring committee
No

Publications

  • Setnik B, Bramson C, Bass A, Levy-Cooperman N, Malhotra B, Matschke K, Sommerville KW, Wolfram G, Geoffroy P. Intranasal administration of crushed ALO-02 (extended-release oxycodone with sequestered naltrexone): A randomized, controlled abuse-potential study in nondependent recreational opioid users. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Dec;55(12):1351-61. doi: 10.1002/jcph.552. Epub 2015 Jul 2.

    PubMed 26011742

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 1 study testing crushed ALO-02 30 mg/3.6 mg and crushed oxycodone IR 30 mg in people with Healthy, run by Pfizer at 1 site in Canada.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Jul 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 17 Jul 2017). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Drug Liking: Peak Effect (Emax) (time frame: Intervention period: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours post-dose). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01775189, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Jul 2017.

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